塔西南地区古近纪构造古地理格局重建及盆山耦合过程再认识

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔西南地区古近系记录了塔里木盆地海侵-海退过程，以及帕米尔-西昆仑造山带新生代早期造山作用，因此，恢复塔西南地区构造古地理格局对认识中亚古地理变迁和古环境变化具有重要意义。对其木干古近系剖面进行实测，综合钻井及露头资料梳理了塔西南地区古近系格架和沉积序列，编绘了塔西南地区古近纪构造-岩相古地理图，分析了盆山耦合过程。结果表明：塔西南地区古近纪总体表现为西低东高的地貌特征。古新世—晚始新世塔西南地区西部为海相沉积，中部为海陆交互相沉积，东部为三角洲沉积；晚始新世—渐新世，塔西南地区南部进一步抬升，三角洲沉积范围扩大，盆地西部以浅湖和近岸水下扇沉积为主，东部为滨湖沉积，塔西南地区全面转化为湖泊沉积。塔西南地区古近纪经历2次海侵-海退，第2次海退后海水全面退出塔西南地区。由于海退与帕米尔地壳增厚缩短以及全球海平面下降具有一定的时空耦合性，因此，塔里木盆地最终海退很可能是构造和气候变化共同作用的结果。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 塔西南地区, 古近纪, 古地理, 盆山耦合, 帕米尔-西昆仑造山带, 海侵-海退

Abstract:

The Paleogene strata in the southwestern Tarim Basin record the transgression-regression process of the Tarim Basin and the early Cenozoic orogenesis of the Pamir-West Kunlun orogenic belt. Thus, restoring the tectonic-paleogeographic framework of the Paleogene in the southwestern Tarim Basin is significant for understanding the paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental changes in central Asia. Based on the geological survey on the Qimugan section of the Paleogene in the southwestern Tarim Basin, together with available drilling and outcrop data, the stratigraphic framework and sedimentary sequence of the Paleogene were investigated, the tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography of the Paleogene was mapped, and the basin-range coupling process of the Paleogene was analyzed. The results show that the southwestern Tarim Basin had a higher topography in the east than in the west in the Paleogene. During the Paleocene-Late Eocene, the southwestern Tarim Basin was dominated by marine sediments in the western part, marine-continental transitional sediments in the central part, and delta sediments in the eastern part. During the Late Eocene-Oligocene, the southwestern Tarim Basin witnessed a further uplift in the southern part, together with expanded delta sediments, and a dominance of shallow lake and near-shore submarine fan sediments in the western part and of lakeside sediments in the eastern part. As a whole, the southwestern Tarim Basin fully transformed into a lacustrine depositional environment. Generally, the southwestern Tarim Basin experienced two cycles of transgression-regression during the Paleogene. After the second regression, the sea water completely retreated from the southwestern Tarim Basin. The spatio-temporal coincidence of the regression with the crustal thickening and shortening of Pamir and the global sea level drop suggests that the final regression of the Tarim Basin is probably a result of the combined effect of tectonic and climatic changes.

Key words: Tarim Basin, southwestern Tarim Basin, Paleogene, paleogeography, basin-range coupling, Pamir-West Kunlun orogenic belt, transgression-regression

中图分类号:

P536

耿锋, 曹自成, 王阿瑞, 曹凯, 姚均哲, 徐亚东, 王国灿. 塔西南地区古近纪构造古地理格局重建及盆山耦合过程再认识[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2026, 47(2): 127-136.

GENG Feng, CAO Zicheng, WANG Arui, CAO Kai, YAO Junzhe, XU Yadong, WANG Guocan. Tectonic-Paleogeographic Restoration and Basin-Range Coupling Reappraisal of the Paleogene in Southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(2): 127-136.

图/表 5

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