新疆石油地质

新疆石油地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 137-145.doi: 10.7657/XJPG20260202

• 油气勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔盆地二叠系风城组与芦草沟组不同有机相烃源岩生烃模拟

刘向军1,2(), 王剑1,2, 冉阳3, 白海枫1,2, 李二庭1,2, 马万云1,2, 曹剑4, 周妮1,2, 张宇1,2   

  1. 1 新疆页岩油勘探开发重点实验室， 新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    2 中国石油 新疆油田分公司 勘探开发研究院， 新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    3 中国石油 新疆油田分公司 吉庆油田作业区， 新疆 吉木萨尔 831700
    4 南京大学 地球科学与工程学院， 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14 修回日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-04-08
  • 作者简介:刘向军（1990-），男，陕西咸阳人，工程师，硕士，地质开发实验，（Tel）0990-6862597（Email）fcliuxj@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油科技重大专项(2019E-2601)

Hydrocarbon Generation Simulation Experiments on Source Rocks of Different Organic Facies in Permian Fengcheng and Lucaogou Formations, Junggar Basin

LIU Xiangjun1,2(), WANG Jian1,2, RAN Yang3, BAI Haifeng1,2, LI Erting1,2, MA Wanyun1,2, CAO Jian4, ZHOU Ni1,2, ZHANG Yu1,2   

  1. 1 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Shale Oil Exploration and Development, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China
    2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China
    3 Jiqing Oilfield Operation District, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Jimsar, Xinjiang 831700, China
    4 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
  • Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-07-09 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-04-08

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摘要：

准噶尔盆地发育二叠系风城组碱湖相和芦草沟组咸化湖相2套优质烃源岩，由于2套烃源岩沉积环境不同，生烃母质具有差异，不同有机相烃源岩生烃特征缺乏系统对比，排烃条件下湖相烃源岩生气能力缺乏研究。通过烃源岩有机岩石学和指征生物标志物分析，在风城组烃源岩中发现了类杜氏藻、蓝细菌和底栖宏观藻生烃母质，芦草沟组烃源岩中发现了大量塔斯马尼亚藻。结合烃源岩半封闭体系热模拟实验和原油封闭体系热模拟实验，发现不同有机相烃源岩具有不同的生烃演化模式。结果表明：类杜氏藻型烃源岩具有生油量大、生油窗长、生油高峰滞后的特点，生油高峰镜质体反射率为1.31%，最大生油量为836.3 mg/g，残余有机质最大生气量为312.0 mg/g；类杜氏藻+蓝细菌型烃源岩同时具有类杜氏藻型烃源岩和蓝细菌型烃源岩的生烃特点，生油窗较长，生油高峰镜质体反射率为1.15%，残余有机质最大生气量为217.3 mg/g；蓝细菌+底栖宏观藻型烃源岩具有生油早、生油量小的特点，生油高峰镜质体反射率为0.91%，残余有机质最大生气量为292.9 mg/g；塔斯马尼亚藻型烃源岩具有生油量大、气油比高的特点，生油高峰镜质体反射率为1.09%，最大生油量为756.1 m/g，残余有机质最大生气量为330.2 mg/g；风城组腐泥型烃源岩在镜质体反射率为1.50%时，生气量与准噶尔盆地腐殖型烃源岩接近，且随着成熟度升高，生气量持续增大，表明风城组腐泥型烃源岩排油后依然具备较强的生气能力和较大的天然气勘探潜力。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 风城组, 芦草沟组, 烃源岩, 有机相, 生烃模拟

Abstract:

There are two sets of high-quality source rocks, namely the alkaline lacustrine Fengcheng formation and the saline lacustrine Lucaogou formation, in the Permian of the Junggar Basin. Due to different sedimentary environments, the two sets of source rocks show distinct hydrocarbon-generating parent materials. The hydrocarbon generation characteristics have not been correlated systematically for source rocks of different organic facies, and the gas generation capacity of lacustrine source rocks under oil expulsion conditions has not been investigated. Through the analysis on organic petrology and biomarkers of source rocks, hydrocarbon-generating parent materials such as Dunaliella-like algae, Cyanobacteria, and benthic macroalgae were found in the Fengcheng formation source rocks, and a large amount of Tasmanites were discovered in the Lucaogou formation source rocks. Combined with semi-closed thermal simulation experiments on source rocks and closed thermal simulation experiments on crude oil, it is indicated that source rocks of different organic facies are varying in hydrocarbon generation evolution patterns. Specifically, the Dunaliella-like algae source rocks are characterized by large oil yield, long oil generation window, and delayed oil generation peak, corresponding to the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) at the peak of oil generation up to 1.31%, the maximum oil yield of 836.3 mg/g, and the maximum gas yield of residual organic matter up to 312.0 mg/g. The Dunaliella-like algae + Cyanobacteria source rocks incorporate the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of both Dunaliella-like algae source rocks and Cyanobacteria source rocks, with long oil generation window, corresponding to the Ro at the peak of oil generation up to 1.15% and the maximum gas yield of residual organic matter up to 217.3 mg/g. The Cyanobacteria + benthic macroalgae source rocks exhibit early oil generation and low oil yield, corresponding to the Ro at the peak of oil generation up to 0.91% and the maximum gas yield of residual organic matter up to 292.9 mg/g. The Tasmanian algae source rocks demonstrate large oil yield and high gas-to-oil ratio (GOR), corresponding to the Ro at the peak of oil generation up to 1.09%, the maximum oil yield of 756.1 mg/g and the maximum gas yield of residual organic matter up to 330.2 mg/g. For the Fengcheng formation sapropelic source rocks, the gas yield is close to that of humic source rocks in the Junggar Basin when the Ro is 1.50%, and it increases continuously with increasing thermal maturity, indicating that the sapropelic source rocks of the Fengcheng formation still have strong gas generation capacity and gas exploration potential after oil expulsion.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Fengcheng formation, Lucaogou formation, source rock, organic facies, hydrocarbon generation simulation

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