普光地区须家河组天然裂缝形成机理与控制因素

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260205

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地普光地区须家河组试气试采效果与天然裂缝的发育程度关系密切，为了系统研究天然裂缝的形成机理与控制因素，利用野外地质露头、岩心和成像测井资料，对普光地区须家河组天然裂缝的发育类型和参数进行统计，结合区域构造演化，分析天然裂缝的形成机理和控制因素。结果表明，普光地区须家河组天然裂缝有效程度高，发育北西—南东向和北东—南西向2组有效裂缝，北西—南东向为优势方位，以低角度—斜交缝为主，开度主要为10~20 μm，渗透率主要为10~50 mD，在储层中作为重要的渗流通道；须家河组天然裂缝主要形成于3个时期：燕山运动晚期，在北西—南东向的挤压作用下形成了近南北向和北西—南东向共轭剪切裂缝，该时期形成的天然裂缝充填程度高；喜马拉雅运动早期，北西—南东向的挤压作用形成了一系列北东—南西向天然裂缝，为有效裂缝；喜马拉雅运动晚期，北东—南西向强烈的挤压作用形成了北东—南西向和近南北向共轭剪切裂缝，以及北西—南东向的局部构造伴生裂缝。普光地区须家河组天然裂缝受构造、岩性、沉积微相和岩石力学层厚度控制，其中构造是影响研究区天然裂缝发育的主控因素。

关键词: 四川盆地, 普光地区, 三叠系, 须家河组, 天然裂缝, 形成机理, 控制因素

Abstract:

The formation test and production test in the Xujiahe formation in the Puguang area of the Sichuan Basin are closely related to the development of natural fractures. Based on field geological outcrop, core and imaging logging data, the types and parameters of natural fractures in the Xujiahe formation in the Puguang area are statistically analyzed. Combining with regional tectonic evolution, the formation mechanism and controlling factors of the natural fractures are evaluated. The results show that the natural fractures in the Xujiahe formation are highly efficient. Two groups of effective fractures in NW-SE and NE-SW trending are developed in the formation. The NW-SE fractures are predominant, and dominated by low-angle oblique fractures with the aperture of 10-20 μm and the permeability of 10-50 mD, acting as important flow pathways in the reservoir. The natural fractures in the Xujiahe formation formed in three periods: (1) the late Yanshanian, when conjugate shear fractures were formed in nearly N-S and NW-SE trending under the action of NW-SE compression and then highly filled; (2) the early Himalayan, when a series of NE-SW natural fractures were formed under the NW-SE compression, and these fractures are effective; and (3) the late Himalayan, when conjugate shear fractures in NE-SW and nearly N-S trending were formed due to the intense NE-SW compression, associated with NW-SE structural fractures locally. The natural fractures in the Xujiahe formation are controlled by structure, lithology, sedimentary microfacies, and rock mechanical layer thickness, among which structure is the dominant factor.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, Puguang area, Triassic, Xujiahe formation, natural fracture, formation mechanism, controlling factor

中图分类号:

TE121.2

祖克威. 普光地区须家河组天然裂缝形成机理与控制因素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2026, 47(2): 163-171.

ZU Kewei. Formation Mechanism and Controlling Factors of Natural Fractures in Xujiahe Formation, Puguang Area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(2): 163-171.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

图8

图9

表2

表3

图10

参考文献 31

[1]	唐大海, 谭秀成, 王小娟, 等. 四川盆地须家河组致密气藏成藏要素及有利区带评价[J]. 特种油气藏, 2020, 27(3):40-46.
	TANG Dahai, TAN Xiucheng, WANG Xiaojuan, et al. Tight gas accumulation elements and favorable zone evaluation of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2020, 27(3):40-46.
[2]	邱玉超, 许强, 李一博, 等. 四川盆地天府地区上三叠统须家河组四段致密储层砂体刻画及有利储层预测[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(3):18-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2024.03.003
	QIU Yuchao, XU Qiang, LI Yibo, et al. Characterization of tight sandstone reservoirs and prediction of favorable formation in the fourth member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe group in the Tianfu area of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 31(3):18-26.
[3]	盘昌林, 刘树根, 马永生, 等. 川东北须家河组储层特征及主控因素[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 33(3):27-34.
	PAN Changlin, LIU Shugen, MA Yongsheng, et al. Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of the Xujiahe formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2011, 33(3):27-34.
[4]	张道伟, 杨雨. 四川盆地陆相致密砂岩气勘探潜力与发展方向[J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(1):1-11.
	ZHANG Daowei, YANG Yu. Exploration potential and development direction of continental tight sandstone gas in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(1):1-11.
[5]	王威, 凡睿, 黎承银, 等. 川东北地区须家河组“断缝体”气藏有利勘探目标和预测技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(8):992-1001.
	WANG Wei, FAN Rui, LI Chengyin, et al. Exploration and prediction of promising fault-fracture reservoirs in the Xujiahe formation,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(8):992-1001.
[6]	王金琪. 川西坳陷须家河组(T₃x)气藏再认识[J]. 天然气工业, 2002, 22(2):1-6.
	WANG Jinqi. Recognition of Xujiahe formation (T₃x) gas reservoirs in west Sichuan depression[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2002, 22(2):1-6.
[7]	唐永, 梅廉夫, 肖安成, 等. 川东北宣汉—达县地区晚中生代—新生代构造应力场转化及其油气意义[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(1):59-70.
	TANG Yong, MEI Lianfu, XIAO Ancheng, et al. Transition of tectonic stress field and hydrocarbon significance of the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic in Xuanhan-Daxian region,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(1):59-70.
[8]	李玉玺, 范存辉, 李虎, 等. 川东北元坝中部须家河组构造裂缝形成期次分析[J]. 西北地质, 2018, 51(1):265-271.
	LI Yuxi, FAN Cunhui, LI Hu, et al. Formation stages about structural fractures of Xujiahe formation in fault-fold belt of central Yuanba area,northeast Sichuan[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2018, 51(1):265-271.
[9]	曾联波, 郑聪斌. 陕甘宁盆地延长统区域裂缝的形成及其油气地质意义[J]. 中国区域地质, 1999, 18(4):391-396.
	ZENG Lianbo, ZHENG Congbin. Origin of the regional fracturing in Yanchang epoch,Shanganning Basin,significance for geology of oil and gas[J]. Regional Geology of China, 1999, 18(4):391-396.
[10]	马永生, 蔡勋育, 赵培荣, 等. 四川盆地大中型天然气田分布特征与勘探方向[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(3):347-354. doi: 10.7623/syxb201003001
	MA Yongsheng, CAI Xunyu, ZHAO Peirong, et al. Distribution and further exploration of the large-medium sized gas fields in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(3):347-354. doi: 10.7623/syxb201003001
[11]	唐群英, 尹太举, 路遥, 等. 川东北普光地区须家河组裂缝特征描述[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2012, 24(2):42-47.
	TANG Qunying, YIN Taiju, LU Yao, et al. Fracture features description of Xujiahe formation in Puguang area,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2012, 24(2):42-47.
[12]	李莉妃, 任启强, 杨田, 等. 多级构型界面下致密砂岩储层构造裂缝发育特征:以川西坳陷须家河组二段为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(4):722-734.
	LI Lifei, REN Qiqiang, YANG Tian, et al. Development characteristics of structural fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs under multi-level configuration interfaces:A case study of second member of Xujiahe formation in western Sichuan depression[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(4):722-734.
[13]	唐永, 梅廉夫, 陈友智, 等. 川东北宣汉—达县地区构造应力场对裂缝的控制作用[J]. 地质力学学报, 2012, 18(2):120-139.
	TANG Yong, MEI Lianfu, CHEN Youzhi, et al. Controlling of structural stress field to the fractures in Xuanhan-Daxian region,northeastern Sichuan Basin,China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2012, 18(2):120-139.
[14]	秦启荣, 苏培东. 构造裂缝类型划分与预测[J]. 天然气工业, 2006, 26(10):33-36.
	QIN Qirong, SU Peidong. Classification and prediction of structural fractures types[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006, 26(10):33-36.
[15]	张鹏, 侯贵廷, 潘文庆, 等. 塔里木盆地北缘碳酸盐岩野外构造裂缝发育规律研究[J]. 高校地质学报, 2013, 19(4):580-587.
	ZHANG Peng, HOU Guiting, PAN Wenqing, et al. Research on the carbonate rocks fractures in the northern margin of Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2013, 19(4):580-587.
[16]	王志民, 王翠丽, 徐珂, 等. 超深层致密砂岩构造裂缝发育特征及控制因素:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜—大北地区下白垩统储集层为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2023, 34(9):1535-1551. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2023.05.006
	WANG Zhimin, WANG Cuili, XU Ke, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of tectonic fractures of ultra-deep tight sandstone:Case study of the Lower Cretaceous reservoir in Bozi-Dabei area,Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2023, 34(9):1535-1551. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2023.05.006
[17]	祖克威. 川东北地区复杂碳酸盐岩储层裂缝形成机理和控制因素[J]. 湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 33(4):36-41.
	ZU Kewei. Forming mechanism and controlling factors of complex carbonate reservoir fracture in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 33(4):36-41.
[18]	张冲, 刘鸿博, 姚勇, 等. 普光气田飞仙关组储集层裂缝特征及期次[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2014, 35(5):521-525.
	ZHANG Chong, LIU Hongbo, YAO Yong, et al. Fracture characteristics and formation period of Feixianguan reservoir in Puguang gas field[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2014, 35(5):521-525.
[19]	何胡军, 曾大乾, 毕建霞, 等. 普光气田碳酸盐岩储层裂缝的成因及其控制因素[J]. 海相油气地质, 2014, 19(4):65-72.
	HE Hujun, ZENG Daqian, BI Jianxia, et al. Genesis and control factors of fractures in carbonate reservoirs in Puguang gas field[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2014, 19(4):65-72.
[20]	曾联波. 低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
	ZENG Lianbo. Formation and distribution of fractures in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2008.
[21]	唐永, 梅廉夫, 张春生, 等. 普光气田飞仙关组储层裂缝特征及其控制因素分析[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2010, 32(2):48-53.
	TANG Yong, MEI Lianfu, ZHANG Chunsheng, et al. Reservoir fracture features and controlling factors of Feixianguan formation in Puguang gas field[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2010, 32(2):48-53.
[22]	蒋有录, 李明阳, 王良军, 等. 川东北巴中—通南巴地区须家河组致密砂岩储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素[J]. 地质学报, 2020, 94(5):1525-1537.
	JIANG Youlu, LI Mingyang, WANG Liangjun, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir fractures of the Xujiahe formation in the Bazhong-Tongnanba area,northeast Sichuan[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94(5):1525-1537.
[23]	徐中一, 郭艳东, 毕有益, 等. 川西坳陷须家河组二段断缝型气藏产水模式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(5):567-574.
	XU Zhongyi, GUO Yandong, BI Youyi, et al. Water production patterns of fault-fracture gas reservoir in Xu-2 member in western Sichuan depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(5):567-574.
[24]	黄滔, 李瑞雪, 邓虎成, 等. 四川盆地川西坳陷深部致密砂岩储层地应力场预测及分区评价:以新场—丰谷地区须家河组二段为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(6):1198-1214.
	HUANG Tao, LI Ruixue, DENG Hucheng, et al. Prediction and zoning evaluation of in-situ stress field in deep tight sandstone reservoirs of western Sichuan depression,Sichuan Basin:A case study of the second member of Xujiahe formation in Xinchang and Fenggu area[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(6):1198-1214.
[25]	赵文韬, 侯贵廷, 孙雄伟, 等. 库车东部碎屑岩层厚和岩性对裂缝发育的影响[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2013, 37(4):603-610.
	ZHAO Wentao, HOU Guiting, SUN Xiongwei, et al. Influence of layer thickness and lithology on the fracture growth of clastic rock in east Kuqa[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2013, 37(4):603-610.
[26]	孔祥晔, 曾溅辉, 罗群, 等. 川中地区大安寨段陆相页岩岩相对孔隙结构的控制作用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(4):392-403.
	KONG Xiangye, ZENG Jianhui, LUO Qun, et al. Controls of continental shale lithofacies on pore structure of Jurassic Da’anzhai member in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(4):392-403.
[27]	李皋, 上官自然, 杨旭, 等. 蓬莱气区射洪—盐亭区块灯四段储集层构造裂缝预测[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(2):136-143.
	LI Gao, SHANGGUAN Ziran, YANG Xu, et al. Prediction of structural fractures in Deng 4 member reservoirs in the Shehong-Yanting block,Penglai gas field,Sichuan Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(2):136-143.
[28]	LAUBACH S E, OLSON J E, GROSS M R. Mechanical and fracture stratigraphy[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(11):1413-1426. doi: 10.1306/07270909094
[29]	巩磊, 姚嘉琪, 高帅, 等. 岩石力学层对构造裂缝间距的控制作用[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2018, 42(6):965-973.
	GONG Lei, YAO Jiaqi, GAO Shuai, et al. Controls of rock mechanical stratigraphy on tectonic fracture spacing[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2018, 42(6):965-973.
[30]	宿晓岑, 巩磊, 高帅, 等. 陇东地区长7段致密储集层裂缝特征及定量预测[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(2):161-167.
	SU Xiaocen, GONG Lei, GAO Shuai, et al. Characteristics and quantitative prediction of fractures of tight reservior in Chang 7 member in Longdong area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(2):161-167.
[31]	张占杨, 巩磊, 王智, 等. 岩石力学层对致密砂岩储层裂缝发育模式的控制作用:来自露头和数值模拟的启示[J]. 地质科学, 2025, 60(3):838-848.
	ZHANG Zhanyang, GONG Lei, WANG Zhi, et al. The controls of mechanical stratigraphy on fracture patterns in tight sandstone reservoirs:Implications from outcrops and numerical simulations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2025, 60(3):838-848.

裂缝类型	裂缝倾向/（°）	裂缝走向/（°）	裂缝倾角/（°）	天然裂缝成因类型	主应力方位/（°）	裂缝形成时期
①	161	71	76	区域共轭剪切裂缝	214	喜马拉雅运动晚期
①	86	356	78	区域共轭剪切裂缝	214	喜马拉雅运动晚期
②	45 190~235	100~145	19~55	局部构造裂缝	190~235	喜马拉雅运动晚期
③	125 316~329	215~239	28~46	局部构造裂缝	305~329	喜马拉雅运动早期

岩性	成像测井累计厚度/m	裂缝数量/ 条	裂缝发育密度/ （条·m^-1）
泥岩	450.45	42	0.093
中砂岩	358.95	100	0.279
细砂岩	132.71	46	0.347
粉砂岩	143.89	51	0.354

沉积亚相	沉积微相	成像测井累计厚度/m	裂缝数量/ 条	裂缝发育密度/ （条·m^-1）
三角洲平原	沼泽	39.54	4	0.101
	分支河道	170.57	40	0.235
	分支间湾	111.59	9	0.081
三角洲前缘	水下分流河道	545.44	155	0.285
	水下分流间湾	165.23	15	0.090
	河口坝	43.09	7	0.162