致密油藏开发前后流动单元变化规律刻画与应用

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前储集层流动单元研究多忽略开发工程因素对流动单元的改造，流动单元分类与油田开发现状不符。为了使流动单元分类更符合射孔压裂后裂缝展布，以鄂尔多斯盆地富县油区长8致密油藏为例，优选5个静态参数和2个动态参数，运用聚类分析法划分出4类原始流动单元和开发后流动单元，结合判别分析和微观孔隙结构进行合理性验证，刻画了开发前后流动单元分布，明确了流动单元在油藏开发中的应用。研究表明：原始流动单元受控于沉积微相；开发后流动单元受控于射孔厚度、加砂强度、注水量等工程因素；油藏经过压裂开采后，剩余油富集区逐渐向低级别流动单元转移；A类及B类开发后流动单元在开发时需控制注入压力及优选射孔层位；C类及D类开发后流动单元应实施二次压裂或增注以提高开发效果。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 致密油藏, 长8油层组, 流动单元, 三维模型, 剩余油

Abstract:

Current research on reservoir flow units often neglects the flow unit transformation caused by development engineering factors, resulting in flow unit classification that do not match the actual development status of oilfields. To provide a flow unit classification more in line with the distribution of artificial fractures after perforation and fracturing, this paper takes the Chang 8 tight oil reservoir in the Fuxian area of the Ordos Basin as an example for investigation. Based on selected parameters (5 static parameters and 2 dynamic parameters), the Chang 8 tight oil reservoir was categorized into 4 classes of original flow units and developed flow units through cluster analysis. Combining discriminant analysis with microscopic pore structure, the classification was verified. Finally, the distribution of original and developed flow units was characterized, and the application of the flow units to reservoir development was clarified. The results show that original flow units are controlled by sedimentary microfacies, while developed flow units are controlled by engineering factors such as perforation thickness, proppant injection intensity, and water injection rate. After reservoir fracturing, the remaining oil zone gradually shifts towards lower-level flow units. Class A and B developed flow units should be developed by controlling injection pressure and optimizing perforation horizons. Re-fracturing or augmented injection should be conducted to improve development efficiency for Class C and D developed flow units.

Key words: Ordos Basin, tight oil reservoir, Chang 8 reservoir, flow unit, 3D model, remaining oil

中图分类号:

TE122.1

朱荣幸, 屈红军, 尹虎, 苏帅, 杨晓锋. 致密油藏开发前后流动单元变化规律刻画与应用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2026, 47(2): 241-252.

ZHU Rongxing, QU Hongjun, YIN Hu, SU Shuai, YANG Xiaofeng. Characterization and Application of Original and Developed Flow Units in Tight Oil Reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(2): 241-252.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
原始地层压力/MPa	11.3	原始气油比/（m³·t^-1）	54.08
饱和压力/MPa	5.494	原油体积系数	1.22
地层原油密度/（g·cm^-3）	0.824	原油压缩系数/（MPa^-1）	8.9×10^-4
地层原油黏度/（mPa·s）	0.954	地层温度/℃	53.8
束缚水饱和度/%	42.22	残余油饱和度/%	17.45

原始流动单元分类	有效厚度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	储集层品质因子	含油饱和度/%
A类	0.99~15.59 （4.17）	12.60~14.46 （13.37）	0.15~0.91 （0.43）	0.11~0.26 （0.17）	33.56~58.43 （45.52）
B类	0.50~14.18 （3.59）	10.90~12.10 （11.45）	0.10~1.01 （0.29）	0.06~0.30 （0.14）	27.53~49.37 （35.73）
C类	0.80~12.62 （3.41）	9.20~10.62 （10.05）	0.03~0.44 （0.16）	0.07~0.21 （0.12）	8.03~47.80 （27.43）
D类	0.46~9.87 （2.79）	6.90~8.70 （7.96）	0.10~0.14 （0.12）	0.11~0.14 （0.12）	1.03~42.30 （19.99）

开发后流动单元分类	有效厚度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	储集层品质因子	含油饱和度/ %	初始产液量/ （m³·d^-1）	加砂强度/ （m³·m^-1）
A类	1.09~15.83 （5.50）	5.11~13.99 （11.03）	0.18~0.56 （0.40）	0.120~0.350 （0.190）	18.66~47.60 （31.16）	0.33~9.19 （3.53）	5.56~35.00 （11.69）
B类	0.89~12.62 （4.40）	6.75~13.78 （10.65）	0.21~0.49 （0.38）	0.120~0.260 （0.188）	16.00~47.80 （28.76）	0.12~4.91 （1.87）	4.00~15.00 （7.23）
C类	0.89~8.87 （3.60）	5.60~15.20 （9.52）	0.19~0.54 （0.34）	0.120~0.190 （0.188）	7.74~38.70 （25.78）	0.09~3.28 （0.88）	4.17~15.00 （7.21）
D类	0.79~6.94 （3.28）	4.23~12.03 （9.15）	0.15~0.45 （0.32）	0.120~0.190 （0.185）	15.21~35.47 （18.82）	0.04~3.98 （0.69）	2.61~8.00 （4.46）