Development Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Paleozoic Tight Sandstone Reservoirs in Xunyi Area, Ordos Basin

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260203

Abstract

Abstract:

The reservoirs of the Paleozoic Shihezi-Taiyuan formation in the Xunyi area of the Ordos Basin are tight sandstone reservoirs featured with strong diagenesis, low porosity, low permeability, and strong heterogeneity. In this paper, through analyses of rock thin sections, cast thin sections, whole rock X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and petrophysical properties, the Shihezi-Taiyuan formation reservoirs were systematically investigated for their development characteristics, differential evolution of components/structures during diagenesis, and controlling factors. The Shihezi-Taiyuan formation reservoirs in the Xunyi area are divided into three types: highly-plastic lithic sandstone, quartz-rich and lowly-plastic lithic sandstone, and quartz sandstone + lithic quartz sandstone. The reservoirs of Shihezi, Shanxi and Taiyuan formations exhibit an average porosity of 5.67%, 2.79% and 5.64%, and an average permeability of 1.37 mD, 0.30 mD and 0.27 mD, respectively. The pore types are mainly intergranular dissolved pores and intragranular dissolved pores, followed by primary intergranular pores and clay mineral intercrystalline pores. The interstitial materials are represented by authigenic clay minerals, as well as authigenic quartz and calcite. The research results indicate that the source for the sweet spot was mainly supplied from the southwest provenance of the study area. The dissolution of reservoirs from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous resulted in the extensive development of secondary pores, which is a primary controlling factor of the sweet spot reservoir in Shihezi-Taiyuan formation. The reservoir protection and improvement resulted from clay minerals is a secondary factor, and it is mainly manifested by the protection of the primary pores in the reservoir by the authigenic chlorite film in the Shihezi formation, and the improvement of reservoir porosity and permeability by the intercrystalline pores formed during the transformation from smectite to illite in the mixed layer in the Shanxi formation and Taiyuan formation.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Xunyi area, Shihezi formation, Shanxi formation, Taiyuan formation, tight sandstone, reservoir characteristic, controlling factor

CLC Number:

TE122.2

ZHU Yan. Development Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Paleozoic Tight Sandstone Reservoirs in Xunyi Area, Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(2): 146-154.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

References 26

[1]	王永骁, 付斯一, 张成弓, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组2段致密砂岩储层特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(6):12-20. doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20210602
	WANG Yongxiao, FU Siyi, ZHANG Chenggong, et al. Characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs of the second member of Shanxi formation in eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2021, 33 (6):12-20. doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20210602
[2]	周进松, 王念喜, 赵谦平, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长探区上古生界天然气成藏特征[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(2):34-41.
	ZHOU Jinsong, WANG Nianxi, ZHAO Qianping, et al. Natural gas accumulation characteristics in the Upper Paleozoic in the Yanchang exploration block of southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(2):34-41.
[3]	李松, 马立元, 王濡岳, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地石盒子组—山西组致密储层形成主控因素与发育模式:以彬长地区为例[J]. 地质科技通报, 2024, 43(2):28-40.
	LI Song, MA Liyuan, WANG Ruyue, et al. Main controlling factors and development model of tight reservoirs in the Shihezi formation-Shanxi formation in the Ordos Basin:Taking the Binchang area as an example[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024, 43(2) :28-40.
[4]	COLON C F J, OELKERS E H, SCHOTT J, et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of dissolution on sandstone permeability,porosity,and reactive surface area[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta:Journal of The Geochemical Society and The Meteoritical Society, 2004, 68(4):805-817.
[5]	CRUNDWELL F. The mechanism of dissolution of minerals in acidic and alkaline solutions:Part II. Application of a new theory to silicates,aluminosilicates and quartz[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2014, 149(11):265-275. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.07.003
[6]	侯杰, 田浩年, 孙俊义, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘储层主控因素分析:以石盒子组储层为例[J]. 能源与环保, 2024, 46 (11):88-95.
	HOU Jie, TIAN Haonian, SUN Junyi, et al. Analysis of the reservoirs main controlling factors in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin:Taking Shihezi formation reservoir as an example[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection, 2024, 46 (11):88-95.
[7]	李阳, 李树同, 牟炜卫, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6段致密砂岩中黏土矿物对储层物性的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(7):1043-1053. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2017.06.021
	LI Yang, LI Shutong, MOU Weiwei, et al. Influences of clay minerals on physical properties of Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(7):1043-1053. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2017.06.021
[8]	钟韬, 曹冰, 刘金水, 等. 西湖凹陷花港组低孔低渗砂岩储层中绿泥石环边的成因及其意义[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 44(6):708-716.
	ZHONG Tao, CAO Bing, LIU Jinshui, et al. Genesis of chlorite rims and its significance to low porosity and low permeability sandstone reservoir of Huagang formation in north central Xihu sag,East Sea of China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 44(6):708-716.
[9]	周晓峰, 丁黎, 杨卫国, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长8油层组砂岩中绿泥石膜的生长模式[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2017, 29(4):1-10.
	ZHOU Xiaofeng, DING Li, YANG Weiguo, et al. Growth pattern of chlorite film in Chang 8 sandstone of Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(4):1-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2017.04.001
[10]	袁晓蔷, 姚光庆, 杨香华, 等. 自生粘土矿物对文昌A凹陷深部储层的制约[J]. 地球科学, 2019, 44(3):909-918.
	YUAN Xiaoqiang, YAO Guangqing, YANG Xianghua, et al. Constraints of authigenic clay minerals on deep reservoirs in Wenchang A sag[J]. Earth Science, 2019, 44 (3):909-918.
[11]	任大忠, 周兆华, 梁睿翔, 等. 致密砂岩气藏黏土矿物特征及其对储层性质的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2019, 31(4):42-53. doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20190405
	REN Dazhong, ZHOU Zhaohua, LIANG Ruixiang, et al. Characteristics of clay minerals and its impacts on reservoir quality of tight sandstone gas reservoir:A case from Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2019, 31 (4):42-53. doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20190405
[12]	邹才能, 赵文智, 张兴阳, 等. 大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J]. 地质学报, 2008, 82(6):813-825.
	ZOU Caineng, ZHAO Wenzhi, ZHANG Xingyang, et al. Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6):813-825.
[13]	赵龙梅, 吴和源, 黄力, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁—吉县区块及邻区山西组山2段物源分析[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56(5):322-331.
	ZHAO Longmei, WU Heyuan, HUANG Li, et al. Material source analysis of Daning-Jixian exploration area and its adjacent Shan-2 member in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Northwest Geology, 2023, 56 (5):322-331.
[14]	肖子亢, 刘宝平, 高小平, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素分析[J]. 科技通报, 2017, 33(8):48-56.
	XIAO Zikang, LIU Baoping, GAO Xiaoping, et al. Analyses on characteristics and main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir on the Upper Paleozoic in southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Science and Technology, 2017, 33 (8):48-56.
[15]	马瑶, 李文厚, 张倩, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区中二叠统沉积特征[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(1):81-92. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2021.01.006
	MA Yao, LI Wenhou, ZHANG Qian, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of the Middle Permian in Ordos Basin and its adjacent areas[J]. Journal of Paleogeography, 2021, 23 (1):81-92.
[16]	常思远, 陈冬霞, 汪成, 等. 深层储层原生孔隙成岩作用保存机制及模式:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷南部恩平组和文昌组为例[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2022, 46(2):72-85.
	CHANG Siyuan, CHEN Dongxia, WANG Cheng, et al. Preservation mechanism and model of primary pore diagenesis in deep reservoirs:Taking the Enping formation and Wenchang formation in the south of Huizhou sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin as an example[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2022, 46 (2):72-85.
[17]	王良军, 岳欣欣, 李连生, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地旬宜地区三叠系延长组7段致密油储层孔隙发育特征及其主控因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(6):1135-1144.
	WANG Liangjun, YUE Xinxin, LI Liansheng, et al. Pore development characteristics and main controlling factors of tight oil reservoir in the seventh member of Triassic Yanchang formation,Xunyi area,Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(6):1135-1144.
[18]	吴小斌, 杜支文, 强小龙, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密砂岩二元孔隙结构及分形特征[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2024, 31(6):45-56.
	WU Xiaobin, DU Zhiwen, QIANG Xiaolong, et al. Binary pore structure and fractal characteristics of tight sandstone:A case study of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(6):45-56.
[19]	刘阳, 刘彦成, 林利明, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地临兴—神府地区上古生界致密砂岩成岩作用与成储关系研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(4):1378-1391.
	LIU Yang, LIU Yancheng, LIN Liming, et al. Upper Paleozoic tight sandstones diagenesis and its relationship with reservoir formation in the Linxing-Shenfu area of the Ordos Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(4):1378-1391.
[20]	BEARD D C, WEYL P K. Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1973, 57(2):349-369.
[21]	曹江骏, 陈朝兵, 罗静兰, 等. 自生黏土矿物对深水致密砂岩储层微观非均质性的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部合水地区长6油层组为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2020, 32(6):36-49. doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20200604
	CAO Jiangjun, CHEN Chaobing, LUO Jinglan, et al. Impact of authigenic clay minerals on micro-heterogeneity of deep water tight sandstone reservoirs:A case study of Triassic Chang 6 oil reservoir in Heshui area,southwestern Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2020, 32(6):36-49. doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20200604
[22]	刘涛. 鄂尔多斯盆地神木—榆林地区太原组砂岩中自生高岭石对孔隙发育的影响[J]. 四川地质学报, 2022, 42(2):202-206.
	LIU Tao. The influence of authigenic kaolin on pore development of sandstone of the Taiyuan formation in the Shenmu-Yulin area,Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan, 2022, 42 (2):202-206.
[23]	郭兰, 郭顺, 丁超, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地延安气田山西组2段砂岩储层致密化与天然气成藏关系[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2025, 44(3):22-31.
	GUO Lan, GUO Shun, DING Chao, et al. Relationship between sandstone reservoir tightening and gas accumulation of Shan-2 member in Shanxi formation of Yan’an gas field in Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2025, 44(3):22-31.
[24]	宋海强, 刘慧卿, 王敬, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1):27-34.
	SONG Haiqiang, LIU Huiqing, WANG Jing, et al. Main controlling factors of shale oil and gas enrichment in Chang 7 member, southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(1):27-34.
[25]	肖正录, 路俊刚, 李勇, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组裂缝特征及其控藏作用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(5):535-542.
	XIAO Zhenglu, LU Jungang, LI Yong, et al. Characteristics of fractures and their controls on Yanchang formation reservoir in Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(5):535-542.
[26]	师良, 张亚雄. 安塞地区长7泥页岩体系岩性差异及其对页岩油含量的控制[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3):308-317.
	SHI Liang, ZHANG Yaxiong. Lithological differences of Chang 7 mud-shale system and their controls on shale oil content in Ansai area,Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(3):308-317.

地层	骨架颗粒含量						填隙物平均含量
地层	石英	长石	火成岩岩屑	变质岩岩屑	沉积岩岩屑	云母	泥质杂基	方解石	白云石	自生黏土矿物	自生石英
石盒子组	43.00~82.00 （62.40）	0~15.00 （6.80）	1.00~10.00 （5.72）	13.00~50.00 （24.64）	0~2.00 （0.40）	0~12.00 （2.40）	1.14	1.64	0	7.54	0.04
山西组	25.00~93.00 （59.30）	0~14.00 （2.30）	0~62.00 （13.65）	5.00~42.00 （20.88）	0~14.00 （2.41）	0~13.00 （1.23）	0.44	1.20	0	4.54	0.21
太原组	50.00~94.00 （73.95）	0~20.00 （1.95）	1.00~26.00 （6.51）	3.00~45.00 （16.43）	0	0~11.00 （1.24）	0	0.38	0.65	3.35	2.05

地层	伊蒙混层含量	伊利石含量	高岭石含量	绿泥石含量	伊蒙混层比
石盒子组	47.50	22.38	6.87	23.25	19.38
山西组	57.60	26.34	8.99	7.07	17.66
太原组	47.06	49.25	2.51	1.18	10.56