Analysis of Seismic Imaging Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks and Underlying Strata Based on Physical Models: A Case Study of Chaganhua Subsag, Southern Songliao Basin

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260416

Abstract

Abstract:

In the southern Songliao Basin, deep strata experienced intense volcanic activity during faulting period. Volcanic rocks act as the critical hydrocarbon reservoir rocks, but they interfere the seismic imaging of underlying strata. It is very important to study the impact of volcanic rocks on seismic imaging of underlying strata. Based on the typical characteristics and elastic parameters of the volcanic rocks in two eruption cycles and the overlying and underlying rocks in the Chaganhua subsag of the Changling fault depression, physical models were built by scaling down, and seismic acquisition and image processing were performed. On this basis, the impacts of the volcanic rocks on the seismic imaging of the underlying strata were analyzed. The results show that equivalent velocity and density models for volcanic rock formations can be constructed using mixed materials with mica powder and epoxy resin as cementing agents to simulate volcanic rock with high wave impedance and high hardness, together with different proportions of organic crystals to simulate different facies zones. These physical models yield the errors of P-wave velocity less than 2%. It is found that the volcanic rocks of Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng formation have great impacts on the well-seismic calibration of the underlying strata, the thickness of the volcanic rocks and the thickness of the underlying clastic rocks jointly affect the well-seismic calibration of the volcanic rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Huoshiling formation, and the seismic imaging-derived velocity in the volcanic rock area is smaller than the actual velocity of the strata. Based on the research results from the physical models, and considering the data of existing wells and previously acquired insights on the thickness and distribution of the volcanic rocks and clastic rocks, grid tomographic velocity modeling was conducted to iteratively optimize the velocity model, improving the compatibility between actual seismic data and synthetic seismogram. This study provides reference for seismic imaging in volcanic rock areas in other regions around the world.

Key words: Songliao Basin, Chaganhua subsag, Yingcheng formation, Huoshiling formation, volcanic rock, physical model, seismic imaging

CLC Number:

P631.4

MIAO He, LI Ning, XING Tingdong, TIAN Jun. Analysis of Seismic Imaging Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks and Underlying Strata Based on Physical Models: A Case Study of Chaganhua Subsag, Southern Songliao Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(4): 515-524.

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层位			地层厚度/ m	地层速度/ （m·s^-1）	模型速度/ （m·s^-1）	地层密度/ （g·cm^-3）	模型密度/ （g·cm^-3）
表层（水层）			600	3 000	1 500	2.00	1.00
营城组	三段	碎屑岩	150	4 800	2 400	2.60	1.30
		爆发相火山碎屑岩（局部分布）	0~350	5 400	2 700	2.63	1.31
		溢流相流纹岩（局部分布）	0~250	5 650	2 825	2.62	1.31
	二段	碎屑岩	0~600	4 200	2 100	2.49	1.25
	一段	碎屑岩	0~600	4 300	2 150	2.50	1.25
沙河子组		碎屑岩	50~600	4 500	2 250	2.64	1.32
火石岭组	期次Ⅲ	爆发相凝灰岩	0~250	5 000	2 500	2.61	1.31
		沉凝灰岩	0~130	4 800	2 400	2.59	1.30
		爆发相凝灰岩溢流相安山岩	0~130	5 200~5 400	2 600~2 700	2.61 2.62	1.31 1.31
	期次Ⅱ	爆发相凝灰岩	80~100	5 100~5 200	2 550~ 2 600	2.60~2.62	1.30~1.31
	期次Ⅰ	爆发相凝灰岩	0~260	5 300	2 650	2.64	1.32
	期次Ⅰ	溢流相安山岩	50~200	5 600	2 800	2.67	1.34
基底			200~2 500	5 800	2 900	2.70	1.35

地层	测量纵波速度/（m·s^-1）	等效纵波速度/（m·s^-1）	设计纵波速度/（m·s^-1）	误差/%
基岩	2 924	5 848	5 800	0.827
火石岭组期次Ⅰ火山岩	2 824	5 648	5 600	0.863
火石岭组期次Ⅱ火山岩	2 733	5 465	5 400	1.208
火石岭组期次Ⅲ火山岩	2 615	5 231	5 200	0.592
沙河子组碎屑岩	2 286	4 573	4 500	1.618
营城组一段碎屑岩	2 140	4 279	4 300	-0.477
营城组二段碎屑岩	2 071	4 142	4 200	-1.389
营城组三段火山岩、火山碎屑岩	2 368	4 737	4 800	-1.316