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01 June 2010, Volume 31 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Dynamic System of Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Exploration in Baiyinchagan Sag in Erlian Basin ZHANG Ya-min, JIN Guang-xing 2010, 31 (3):  225-227.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (451KB) ( 197 )   Save This paper utilizes theory and method for dynamic system of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation to classify Baiyinchagan sag in Erlian basin into the upper and the lower systems. The lower one is high pressure-self source-half closed system which is oil-rich in the south ramp belt and north steep slop belt, and the upper one is low pressure-mixed source-half closed system which is oil-rich in the south ramp belt. In resent years, the breakthrough of petroleum exploration with several tens of million tons of incremental reserves in this area proves this theory and method can be successfully applied to the risk oil exploration of old sags. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Core Observation and Description of Tight Sandstone Fractured Reservoir—An example from Wenmingzhai tight sandstone LUO Qun 2010, 31 (3):  229-231.  Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (282KB) ( 371 )   Save This paper presents the aim, significance, idea, content and remarks of core observation and description of tight sandstone fractured reservoir. Taking Wenmingzhai buried hill reservoir of Mesozoic in Dongpu depression as an example, the fracture development and oil bearing characteristics are described, six genetic types of the fractures are proposed, and their forming mechanisms are discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Hydrocarbon Accumulation Models in Kenli Fault Belt in Bohai Bay Basin CHU Qing-zhong 2010, 31 (3):  232-233.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (235KB) ( 168 )   Save A study of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation model is significant for oil-gas exploration as a guide. In view of present oil fields (reservoirs) found in Kenli fault belt in Bohai Bay basin, four hydrocarbon accumulation models are summarized, including same-zone, buried-hill, fault-crossing and fault-line ones. These models can be as guides for further exploration and reserves increment in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Stages of Hydrocarbon Generation and the Selectivity of Reservoir-Forming Trap in Changling Sag in Songliao Basin XU Chun-hua, XIAO Yong-jun, QIU Lian-gui 2010, 31 (3):  235-238.  Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (322KB) ( 213 )   Save The source rocks of downfaulted period in Changling sag in Songliao basin are mainly found in Huoshiling formation, Shahezi formation and Yingcheng formation. Because of the effects of tectonic movement in fault-depressed conversion period and the Nenjiang movement, the evolution of the source rocks is of obvious stages in nature. By study on the relationship of present buried depth and source rock maturity of source rocks in Changling oil-gas field, the correlation equations of them in downfaulted and depression periods are established, respectively, conducting the recovery of denudation amount and the calculation of paleogeothermal gradient. The systematic study of the process of hydrocarbon-generation and evolution of source rocks in downfaulted period, it is considered that the source rocks are characterized by both early hydrocarbon generation and secondary hydrocarbon generation. Combined with the analysis of the trapforming time, it is believed that the oil and gas formed in different stages has the reservoir-forming selectivity. In early stage, the stratigraphic trap and lithologic trap may form reservoirs; when entering into high mature-overmature stage, the structural trap may form reservoir, while the source rocks entered into depression period and the secondary hydrocarbon generation stage, all traps in this basin could form reservoirs by the recharging of oil and gas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Diagenesis and Hydrocarbon Expulsion of Marine Carbonate Rocks LIU De-guang, LUO Xiao-jing, WANG Jian-xin 2010, 31 (3):  239-241.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (166KB) ( 153 )   Save Carbonate rock is dominated by cementation and metasomatism, in which little primary pore occur even at shallow depth. When entering perfect enclosed compacting fluid environment, the small-scale pressure solution could be formed due to deep burying and geothermal rise with faint diagenesis. After reaching the hydrocarbon generation threshold, low abundant organic matter may generate a certain amount of hydrocarbons, but carbonate rock may not dewater a lot like shale. The hydrocarbon migration in it is absent from both "carrier" and abnormal pressure as a drive force that creates fractures. So the hydrocarbon in it is difficult to expulse effectively. It may be dispersed in disconnected intercrystalline pores or form crystal-wrapped and inclusion organic matter combined with minerals. So hydrocarbon percentage in carbonate rock is commonly higher than shale. It is concluded that carbonate rock is almost impossible to be as effective source rock for its original low abundance of organic matter and post hydrocarbon-expulsion difficulty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Maturity and Genetic Type of Crude Oils in Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin CHEN Jing-yi, WANG Fei-yu, ZHOU Yong, YANG Li, DUAN Shi-chuan 2010, 31 (3):  242-244.  Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (277KB) ( 241 )   Save Qikou sag is one of the rich-oil areas in Bohai Bay basin, in which three sets of lacustrine source rocks developed in Tertiary and Paleozoic reservoirs. The geochemical analyses of 59 crude oil and 102 source rock samples from Qikou sag show that the crude oils in Qikou sag belong to mature oil, combined with the biomarkers of n-alkanes, steroid and terpenoid as well as light hydrocarbons index, the biodegraded oil only locates in shallow layers in Tangjiahe region. SPSS cluster analysis based on four variable parameters of gammacerane index, m(Pr)/m(Ph), m(4-methyl-sterane)/m(C29 regular sterane) and oil carbon isotope indicates that the crude oils can be classified as fresh water lacustrine oil from Qikou sag and western uplift of Banqiao sag and salt water lacustrine oil from Beitang sag and northwestern Banqiao sag. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Coal Mesures Sedimentary Environment and Sequence Stratigraphy of Badaowan Formation in Dinan Swell in Junngar Basin REN Bing, LIAO Rong-feng, CHEN Yong, XU Huai-min, WANG Ren-chong 2010, 31 (3):  245-247.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (334KB) ( 234 )   Save From the analysis of sedimentary sequence of coal-bearing strata and sedimentary environment, the influencing factors of coal accumulation of Lower Jurassic Badaowan formation in Junggar basin are discussed. It is shown that the balance-standing time/period between the rate of accommodation changes and the rate of peat deposition is a major controlling factor to form a stable distribution of the coal seam. So the isochronous distribution of the coal seam can be as a sequence boundary. This paper presents the model for sequence stratigraphy of the Badaowan formation, which could be as a guide for high-precision sequence stratigraphic correlation and lithologic reservoir exploration in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Karst Development Mode of Ordovician Carbonate Rocks in Lunnan Swell in Tabei Area, Tarim Basin GAO Hong-liang, YANG Wen-jing, QIN Gui-zhen, LUO Ri-sheng, ZHU Yong-feng 2010, 31 (3):  248-249.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (202KB) ( 234 )   Save The large area of platform-facies deposits of the Cambro-Ordovician in Tarim basin provides foundation for the post-karst reservoir development in Lunnan area, which can be classified as the buried-hill exposure karst, bedding confined water karst, penecontemporaneous interlayer karst and commingled water karst, etc., with multi-cycle and multi-stage exposure features. The study shows that tectonic movement is of crucial effect on the karsts development and related reservoir formation in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fluid Inclusion Feature and Hydrocarbon Charge History of Changxing Formation in Yuanba Area in Northeastern Sichuan Basin ZHANG Yuan-chun, ZOU Hua-yao, LI Ping-ping, KUANG Da-qing, GU Xiao-dan 2010, 31 (3):  250-251.  Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (262KB) ( 230 )   Save Yuanba gas field with biohermal reservoir is one of the most popular regions for recent exploration in northeastern Sichuan basin. By means of fluid inclusion microfluorometric and thermodetecting techniques, combined with the burial and geothermal evolution history of the source rock simulated by IES (Integrated Exploration Systems) software, this paper proposes two-stage oil charge of Late Triassic and Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous in biohermal reservoir of Changxing formation in Yuanba area. The oil charge time is well accordant with the oil-generating peak of the source rock, which is one of major factors for hydrocarbon accumulation of Yuanba gas reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Volcanic Seismic Facies and Exploration Potential in Tahe Area, Tarim Basin CUI Ze-hong, TANG Liang-jie 2010, 31 (3):  252-253.  Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (374KB) ( 200 )   Save Based on the interpretation of seismic data and logging, combined with core observation in Tahe area in Tarim basin, the types of volcanic rocks, seismic facies feature and volcanic reservoir-forming conditions are clarified and analyzed. Two types of volcanic rocks such as dacite and basalt of Permian and four seismic facies such as stratified, mound-shaped, lenticular and wedge-shaped ones occur in this area. The stratified seismic facies is in wide distribution, corresponding to the run-off volcanic rock; the lenticular seismic facies is only found in salt-edge sag, mainly controlled by the salt body activity; the mound-shaped seismic facies corresponds to intrusive volcanic rock; the wedge-shaped seismic facies is controlled by the basement fissure, laterally contacted with surrounding rocks, corresponding to near-crater facies; the mound- and wedge-shaped seismic facies are of effective traps and better reservoir conditions, being favorable areas for oil and gas exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Capability of Volcanic Rock of Carboniferous in Santanghu Basin YANG Zhen-xiang, LIANG Hao, LUO Quan-sheng 2010, 31 (3):  254-256.  Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (251KB) ( 258 )   Save In view of the volcanic reservoir-forming particularity, this paper analyzes the controlling factors of the volcanic reservoir of Kalagang formation of the Upper Carboniferous in Niudong oil field in oil source condition, premium reservoir genesis, structural setting, etc. The result shows that the lithology of this reservoir is dominated by andesite and basalt, secondly by volcanic breccia; solution cavity and fracture are its main types of reservoir space; oil and gas originated from such hydrocarbon source rocks as underlying Harjiawu formation (C2h) dark mudstone and carbon mudstone migrate upward to the top of volcanic rock along the fault, then laterally to the local structural highs along the permeable layers below the unconformity surface, and accumulate as the strati-lithologic reservoir. It is concluded that favorable reservoir rock condition, fracture channel, paleo-structural setting and enough oil source are important factors to control the reservoir formation in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Cretaceous Reservoir Characteristic and Favorable Zone Prediction in South Tianshan Piedmont in Southwestern Tarim Basin YANG Jun-feng, ZHU Chang-jian, ZHANG Xian-jun, LIU Yong-fu, DU Zhi-li 2010, 31 (3):  257-259.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (288KB) ( 245 )   Save The Kezilesu group of Lower Cretaceous is the most important oil -bearing series in southwestern Tarim basin. Study of reservoir characteristics shows that the major rock type is lithic fine sandstone developed in braided river channel. The reservoir space is dominated by intergranular and intragranular solution pores. The reservoir petrophysical property is controlled by the sedimentary environment, the diagenesis and the type and content of clay mineral. Kezilesu group is deposited above the paleo-landform formed by Paleozoic weathering and erosion. It is recognized that Wuqia, Wuboer and Fusha structural belts are of large thickness of Lower Cretaceous strata, lie on the favorable sedimentary facies, and should be the favorable and target zones for further petroleum exploration in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Depositional Model and Geological Significance of Turbidite in Western Bohai Bay Basin SHI Lei, SHAO Xian-jie, KANG Yuan-yuan, SHAN Yu, ZHANG Feng 2010, 31 (3):  260-262.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (233KB) ( 436 )   Save There are a series of typical slump turbidite fans in the deep lake of the downthrown block in Qinan fault zone of the eastern Qikou sag in Bohai Bay basin, which have been major domains for oil-gas exploration in this area. According to the lithofacies, electrofacies and grain size features, the turbidite fans here can be divided into inner-fan, mid-fan and outer-fan subfacies. Fault episodic activity, flood events and the paleotopography are the main factors affecting the formation and distribution of the turbidite fans. These turbidite fans are characterized by the small area distribution of a single fan, a series of turbidite fans along the contemporaneous fault downthrown block; thin single-phase sand body, good inheritance, multi-phase superimposition and big cumulative sand thickness; good assemblage of source-reservoir-cap rock and high fullness of oil and gas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study of Seismic Survey Method of Square Array Interference Wave in Hami Depression PENG Tao, CHENG Yun, LIU Jian, WEI Chi-peng, XU Peng 2010, 31 (3):  263-265.  Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (365KB) ( 236 )   Save Hami depression is characterized by complex seismic geological conditions showing multi-type, multi-azimuth and great intensity interference wave. Using traditional seismic survey method of line array interference wave is impossible for full-orientation record of the wave, so the test of square array interference wave has been conducted in this area. The result indicates that this method can not only record the type, intensity and spread orientation, but also select the optimal geophone array pattern and related parameter test, by which the three-box geophone array with 2 m element interval is of the most obvious effect for suppression of secondary interference and background noise in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Determination of Reasonable Injection-Production Well Spacing in Heterogeneous Multi-Layered Low Permeability Reservoirs LI Liu-ren, HU Yong-le 2010, 31 (3):  266-268.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (171KB) ( 242 )   Save There is start pressure gradient when oil/water flow in low permeability reservoirs. When the pressure gradient is greater than the start pressure gradient, fluid can flow. Every layer has limit injection-production well spacing in heterogeneous multi-layered low permeability reservoirs. When the limit well spacing is larger than a real injection-production well spacing, the reserves in the layer can be produced, or can not. So with the full-consideration of the vertical heterogeneity in such reservoirs, the relationship between the producing degree of reserves and the injection-production well spacing in the reservoirs is established. The factors affecting the producing degree are analyzed. A new method for determination of reasonable injection-production well spacing according to the water-drive reserves producing degree in low permeability reservoirs is proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Potentials of Well Pattern Infill Development of High Water-Cut Blocks in Karamay Conglomerate Reservoirs QIN Jian-hua, ZHOU Xi-sheng, TANG Chun-rong, JIN Chun-hai, LI Min, QU Huai-lin, ZU Lin 2010, 31 (3):  269-271.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (279KB) ( 373 )   Save In view of the unsatisfied status of Karamay conglomerate reservoir development such as dispersed distribution of remained oil, larger scale of closed-in wells and injection-production imperfection, this paper presents the practicable method for determination of well pattern infilling potentials including infilling limit, rational infilling mode, infilling well location and productivity, etc. which could be as a guide for other similar reservoirs development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Low Oil-Saturated Reservoir-Forming Mechanism in No.1 Area in Central Junggar Basin LIU Bo-lin, WANG You-qi 2010, 31 (3):  273-275.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (273KB) ( 242 )   Save A reservoir with low oil saturation is of complex geologic structures and hydrocarbon accumulation modes. Research of its genesis can help to evaluate reservoir quality and regional exploration situation. In view of such a reservoir in No.1 area in central Junggar basin, the systematic studies of its structure, reservoir rock and hydrocarbon accumulation process are conducted for understanding of its reservoir-forming mechanism, including quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of the reservoir adjustment, oil-gas re-migration/accumulation, oil/water differentiation sufficiency and the effects of oil/water transition zone height, barrier and interbed of the low permeability reservoir on its oil-water distribution. It is recognized that the reservoir in this area is formed on the premise of oilgas reservoir adjustment and setting conditions of low-amplitude structure and low permeability reservoir rocks with many factors of breakthrough pressure of its barrier and interbed, capillary pressure and oil-gas charging sufficiency, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evaluation of DEA Model-Based Single Well Production Potentials—An example from Xujiahe gas pool in Guang'an, Sichuan basin GUO Wei, HE Shun-li, CONG Rong-gang, LAN Chao-li 2010, 31 (3):  276-278.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (188KB) ( 252 )   Save Based on the principle and model of data envelope analysis (DEA), the single well production in Guang'an Block 2 of Xujiahe gas reservoir in Sichuan basin is evaluated, including the interwell lateral comparison, the static-dynamic reserves and production potentials prediction of each gas well, the effectiveness of DEA and the relations among gas wells. The results indicate that the DEAeffective wells are basically high-yielding wells; the wells with large potentials of static reserves are mostly mid-yielding wells; the wells with large potentials of dynamic reserves are mostly low-yielding wells; the wells with big production potentials are all of potentials in static and dynamic reserves. According to the productivity analysis of gas well of Xu-6 member in Guang'an gas field, most gas wells can be of higher tested gas productivity after sand fracturing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Determination of Grooves Boundary of Lower Ordovician Gas Reservoir in Jingbian Gas Field with Dynamic Analysis Method WANG Zuo-qian, KANG Xiu-lan, HE Shun-li 2010, 31 (3):  279-280.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (201KB) ( 166 )   Save Grooves are extremely developed in No.5 Member of Majiagou formation of the Lower Ordovician in Jingbian gas reservoir. In the past, the grooves were studied mainly by drilling, seismic waveform and compensation relationship between upper and lower layer of paleo-weathering crust for qualitative and semi-quantitative identification. The large scale grooves could be identified easily, while the small scale (second-tertiary class) cross-well grooves were difficult to identify. This paper verifies the existence of such grooves boundary by using dynamic methods such as well test analysis and production transient analysis, providing basis for fine depicting the geologic model. Combined with drilling constraints, seismic waveform and arc length parameters, there exist 16 primary grooves, 83 secondary grooves and 206 tertiary grooves in Lower Ordovician gas reservoir in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of the Factors Influencing Production Decline of Reservoirs LAI Feng-peng, LI Zhi-ping, KONG Xian-zheng 2010, 31 (3):  281-283.  Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (179KB) ( 259 )   Save This paper presents a weight analysis method for study of the factors influencing production decline by connecting with decline rate and oil recovery rate. The case study shows this method is effective. Also, by means of grey correlation theory, the ordering analysis of the factors is conducted, which can be as a supplement of selection of measures and adjustment of development technologies by these two methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Fine Description of Single Sand Body in Meandering River to Old Oilfield Redevelopment ZHOU Xin-mao, HU Yong-le, GAO Xing-jun, ZHANG Zheng, CHEN Jian-yang, WANG Ji-qiang 2010, 31 (3):  284-287.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (496KB) ( 211 )   Save Point bar is the basic genetic unit of meandering river sand body, which can be controlled by abandoned channel and final channel in scale and configuration. The inner muddy deposit in different types of abandoned channels may keep out their two-side point bars so that creates the disconnecting or weak-disconnecting status between them. The key of single sand body description is to identify the final or abandoned channel and make the assemblage relation clearly between the channel and the point bar. By the establishment of logging and seismic signs for the final channel, integrated with the dynamic monitoring data, this paper presents the fine description of the sand body, which can provide detailed geologic model for reservoir recognition and help to deal with injection-production contradiction, hence obtaining new knowledge of the remaining oil accumulation in it. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pressure Behavior Characteristic Analysis of Stress-Sensitive Reservoirs with Variable Permeability Module WANG Jian-zhong, YAO Jun, WANG Zi-sheng 2010, 31 (3):  288-290.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (249KB) ( 207 )   Save The experimental study shows that there is a non-linear relationship between permeability modulus and pressure drop in a large range of pressure variation. This paper presents the fractural permeability variation model and the variable permeability modulus pressure behavior model for dual porosity reservoir based on the experimental study results. The implicit finite difference method is used to discretize the formulation and the iterative method is used to resolve the above mentioned nonlinear equations. According to the calculations the sensitivities of each parameter in the model are analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recombination of Layer Series of Development in High Water-Cut Oil Field BAO Jing-wei, Song Xin-min, YE Ji-gen, WANG Ji-qiang 2010, 31 (3):  291-294.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (314KB) ( 239 )   Save Recombination of layer series of development is an important part in redevelopment project of a high water-cut oil field. For quantification of it from qualitative analysis, the fuzzy cluster-F statistics and independence test of layers (FFT) method suitable for such an oil field is presented. A series of preliminary and better classification are obtained by consideration of affecting factors on reservoir geology and exploitation, and the recombination scheme for this field is proposed in terms of the independent test and selection of layers. The FFT method is used in redevelopment project of Block 2 in western Dagang oil field and three layers of development of N2m I+N2m II+ N2m Ⅲ, N1g I+ N1g II and N1g Ⅲ are given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Cost Budget Model for Oilfield Development and Optimum Benefit Rate of Production WANG Xiao-lin, CHANG Yu-wen, DOU Hong-en 2010, 31 (3):  295-296.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (134KB) ( 233 )   Save This paper analyzes characteristics of different development stages of reservoir and actual production data and develops a cost budget model for cost variation in these stages as quadratic equation of one variable with the boundary conditions of this model. According to the basic principle of the best profit, the method for determination of optimum rate of production on different oil prices is derived, by which the best profit in certain time can be obtained. The case study shows that the calculation result using this derived method is in accordance with real situation of the oil field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Multilayer Reservoir Model to Mathematical Model for Two-Region Thermal Recovery LIU Zhen-yu, HE Jin-bao, YANG Jian-ping 2010, 31 (3):  297-299.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (235KB) ( 259 )   Save Common existence of steam overlay during thermal recovery process may create incline of the steam front, which is of great effect on well test analysis result for the heavy oil reservoir by causing the initial model in the condition of the same inner zone radius of the steam front will not be applicable. For this reason, this paper presents the multilayer reservoir two-region mathematical model for heavy oil thermal recovery considering the steam overlay effect. By this model, the Laplace space solution for bottom-hole pressure and well testing type curves are obtained, and the effect of each parameter on the type curves is analyzed. The multilayer model as new thought has the advantages of avoiding the complex mathematical derivation, simulating the nonlinear steam front and dealing with the vertical heterogeneity in such a reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of GIS-Based Evidence Weight Method to Appraisement of Hydrocarbon Resource Potential LI Bo, ZHANG Ting-shan 2010, 31 (3):  300-303.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (344KB) ( 327 )   Save Evidence weight method based on Bayesian conditional probability is a common method for oil and gas resource assessment using geographical information system (GIS). After analyzing the natural gas reservoir-forming conditions of Kuqa depression in Tarim basin, this paper created seven geological evidence layers including source bed, caprock, reservoir, fault and strata pressure. By the evidence weight method integrated with overlay analysis of GIS, the weight of every layer is given and independence test of every two layers is made. At last, a posterior probability map of gas exploration potential is presented, by which the study area is classified into four grades, of which Ⅱgrade areas are defined target areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Low Permeability Reservoir Percolation and Variation by Well Test Data—An example from Shanan reservoir LIU Yan-hong, FAN Jie, WANG Guo-xian, DANG Jian-xin, GUO Xin-jiang, ZHANG Zhi-xiang 2010, 31 (3):  304-306.  Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (243KB) ( 189 )   Save It is difficult to properly determine the percolation and variation of low permeability and heterogeneous reservoir that has been developed by water flood process for many years and especially conducting several stimulations. Applying the well test technique can effectively identify such percolation and variation, and provide basis for the reservoir management and reformation. The case study from Shanan reservoir in eastern Junggar basin shows that the feature of such a reservoir has been changed a lot by many-year waterflooding and stimulations, effective analysis of these variations can help to correctly recognize and evaluate this reservoir, thus guide the stable and high production of it. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Method for Automatic Identification of Interbed XIN Zhi-guo, FENG Wei-guang, GUO Shi-bo, LI Lu-chen, SUN Zhi-gang 2010, 31 (3):  307-310.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (412KB) ( 230 )   Save It is difficult to properly determine the percolation and variation of low permeability and heterogeneous reservoir that has been developed by water flood process for many years and especially conducting several stimulations. Applying the well test technique can effectively identify such percolation and variation, and provide basis for the reservoir management and reformation. The case study from Shanan reservoir in eastern Junggar basin shows that the feature of such a reservoir has been changed a lot by many-year waterflooding and stimulations, effective analysis of these variations can help to correctly recognize and evaluate this reservoir, thus guide the stable and high production of it. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Seismic Acquisition Techniques in Buerjin Basin QIU Su-jiang, HUANG Jian, CHEN Jia-qi, WANG Lei 2010, 31 (3):  311-313.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (427KB) ( 208 )   Save Buerjin basin located at the northern part of Xinjiang is characterized by complicated earth's surface, with relative low degree of prospecting for its fewer gravity and magnetic surveys. In order to obtain an overall understandings of the basinal basement structure, basin-mountain relationship and uplift-depression framework, as well as appraise its petroleum prospect, the efforts have been made, including designing physical points of the ground by means of high precision digital satellite map for low velocity zone surveying, scientifically shooting depths and charges, small receiver interval for collection and large offset for the Lower Carboniferous in terms of a variety of landforms in this basin. The obvious results show that single-shot record is of high signal-to-noise ratio, and the seismic profiles with clear imaging from the shallow, medium and deep strata have been obtained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Factors Affecting Cementing Quality by Acoustic (CBL)-Variable Density Log (VDL) MAO Hai-tao, WU Bo 2010, 31 (3):  314-317.  Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (487KB) ( 665 )   Save It is popular to use CBL/VDL for cementing quality evaluation in China. The CBL curve could be use to evaluate the cementing of first interface, and the VDL could provide the information of both first and second interface. This paper illustrates the theory of cementing quality evaluation by CBL/VDL, and analyses all affecting factors, which may help to decrease the ambiguity of CBL/VDL interpretation and improve comprehensive utilization value of the logging data. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Well Logging Method for Evaluating Effect of Drilling Mud on Formation Contamination LI Jian-ming, WU Xi-ling, ZHAO Li-xin 2010, 31 (3):  318-319.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (123KB) ( 295 )   Save The well logging response variation caused by drilling mud invasion into formation is studied, by which the method for distinguishing the formation contamination or damage type is presented, combined with water saturation change; the model for quantitative assessment of permeability damage is developed by means of the relationship between permeability and porosity, and the formula for calculating damage radius is given using the coefficient of the normal device. Case study indicates that the skin factor from well logging is well accordant with that from drill stem test (DST) by using this method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application and Progress of Microbial Oil Survey Technique(MOST) ZHANG Chun-lin, PANG Xiong-qi, MEI Hai, LI Mao-wen, Daniel Hitzman, MEI Bo-wen 2010, 31 (3):  320-322.  Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (286KB) ( 314 )   Save The exploration of subtle or non-structural reservoir is of great challenge for recognition of its non-structural trap. Microbial oil survey technique (MOST) is effective for such reservoir recognition, for it depends on the relationship between oils in the trap and microbial concentration in soil above it for exploration of hydrocarbon fluid. The successful application of MOST to Qaidam basin, Fort Worth basin and Osage county in Oklahoma shows that high-yielding lithologic and structural reservoirs have been discovered. This paper points out that there is a great need for modification or perfection in such four aspects as light hydrocarbon micro-percolation principle, affecting factor and detecting technology of microbe as well as related geological interpretation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Structure and Evolution of Dolomite YANG Bo, CAI Zhong-xian, ZHAO Wen-guang 2010, 31 (3):  323-326.  Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (495KB) ( 213 )   Save Based on the nucleation and growth kinetics theory, the dolomite structure can be classified in terms of crystal size and crystal edge shape. The evolution of the dolomite structure is controlled by the chemical composition and deposit texture of primitive rocks and dolomized fluid. The primitive rocks can be classified into the muddy limestone and muddy limestone with grains in terms of chemical component and the limestone with dissolved pore and cement, micritic limestone and muddy limestone with grains in terms of structural composition. The evolution of dolomite structure is discussed in condition of varied concentration dolomized fluid. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Model for Oceanic Crust Expansion HU Dao-xiong 2010, 31 (3):  327-329.  Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (176KB) ( 266 )   Save Oceanic crust expansion is the result of the mantle voluminal variation. The factor influencing the increment of the mantle volume lies in variation of the solid substance's phase state, while the emission of the liquid substance in the interior of the earth leads to the reduction of the mantle's volume. The oceanic crust expansion can be divided into the expansion stage or the period of extensional movement of the earth crust and the uplift-emplacement stage or the period of compressional movement of it (i.e. subduction period of the oceanic crust). The rate of the oceanic crust expansion relates to the velocity of the substantial phase state variation in the inner earth; the width of the expansion relates to the temperature of the sea water; the temperature of hydrothermal fluid in oceanic crust expansion zone relates to the rate of expansion of its own; the sea ridge of the expansion zone relates to the thickness of the same density layer on the upside of the earth mantle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

One Point-Based Method for Data Processing of Gas Well Deliverability Test LI Jin, MA Yang, YANG Zhi-hua 2010, 31 (3):  330-331.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (127KB) ( 228 )   Save The open flow potential from one-point method for calculation of gas well deliverability tends to be larger than that from the deliverability equation, and the result is irregular. The study shows that only giving one value of alpha in calculation must cause big error. The alpha value can be obtained by shut-in well pressure build-up test and available formation parameters, thus the open flow potential of a gas well given by one-point deliverability equation is more accurate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Formation Mechanism of Mud Diaper and Mud Volcano in Niger Delta GAO Yin-jun, YANG Lei, HAN Wen-ming, HU Bin 2010, 31 (3):  332-333.  Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (516KB) ( 383 )   Save There are a lot of mud diapirs and mud volcanoes in Niger delta, which appear in fuzzy zones in seismic section. The mud volcanoes are of destructive effect on the reservoir exploitation. Based on seismic stratigraphy, seismic interpretation, ocean floor relief map, time slice and coherent body slice, this paper summarizes the seismic response features, formation mechanism of mud diapers and mud volcanoes in Niger delta and their influences on hydrocarbon accumulation, which are significant to reserves evaluation in oil field. References | Related Articles | Metrics