Abstract: In this paper, over 100 surfactants at home and abroad are preliminarily screened. It is found that the ampholytic surfactant HTHS?1 is of good compatibility with the target reservoirs in Tarim basin. The performance evaluation indicates that this surfactant is characterized by goog thermal stability and strong salinity?tolerant capability. In the conditions of 110°C, salinity of 11.5×104 mg/L, Ca2 + and Mg2+ contents of 7 654 mg/L, the interfacial tension of the HTHS?1 with mass fraction of 0.05%~0.07% can remain by 10?2 mN/m in order of magnitude during the aging time of 30 days. Its good emulsification may slightly decease wettability of the rocks, and its static adsorption is large, and that on the oil sand is higher than that of the clean sand. Also, it takes a long time to achieve dynamic adsorption saturation,with the dynamic retention of 0.507 mg/g, much less than the static adsorption