Abstract: Uzbekistan is rich in oil shale resources. In the past 10 years, the oil production of Uzbekistan is declining rapidly. In response to the current situation of domestic fuel shortages, to enhance energy independence and reduce the risks of importing oil products, the Ukrainian government will stimulate the development of oil shale industry in 2013. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan could become the first country that develops oil shale in Central Asia. This paper analyzes the reserves of Uzbekistan oil shale resources and the latest plan of developing the national oil shale resources. In addition, it illustrates the latest mining and processing technologies that may be adopted by Uzbekistan. Finally, integrated with the analysis of the status of Xinjiang oil shale development and the similar geological conditions between Xinjiang and Uzbekistan, the cooperation prospects between the two areas in the field of oil shale development is discussed