Abstract: The palaeokarst is widespread in carbonate outcrops in Xekar area of Tarim basin. In this paper, four types of palaeokarsts such as tubular?branching type, cavern group type, plate type and single?isolated type are presented. The tubular?branching palaeokarst is controlled by underground streams, like slim tube, long and thin branches, most lineally distributing in higher locations of northwestern part of Xekar anticline, and less than 3 meters apart from the top of carbonate rocks. The cavern group palaeokarst is controlled by ground water tables and underground streams, like a sheet, distributing in the higher positions of the northwestern and central north of the anticline, easily filled by calcites and fluorites. The plate type is controlled by along?layer?corrosing interlayer water, mostly found in the central south part of it, or linearly occurring in the cliffs of both sides of ravine, relatively lower in position, with distance larger than 10 meters from the top of the carbonate rocks, and normally filled by rust or light green siltstone or clastic rock. The single?isolated type is controlled by faults and fractures, appearing funnel shape or inverted funnel shape in cross section, dispersely distributing and found in lower part of the anticline