Abstract: The remote tectonic effect resulted from collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Eurasian continent broke the structural equilibrium state at the end of the Paleogene in Tarim basin. With the method of paleo?structural restoration, this paper estimated the regional changing characteristics of Tarim basin since Paleogene as follows: The Maigaiti slope in southwestern Tarim basin migrated northward, increasing the width of the north and south; the south part of Bachu uplift became slope area and width narrowed; Tabei uplift migrated southward on the whole; the Manjiaer sag in eastern Tarim basin shrank northward, while the south and southeast boundaries extended outward; the range of Tazhong uplift became obviously narrowed; Tadongnan uplift’s structural size became gradually smaller but its amplitude increased. Having influenced by the neotectonic movement, the hydrocarbons in different regions showed different oil and gas accumulation patterns. The Bashituopu oilfield in southwestern Tarim basin tilted with a fulcrum of Qun?5 well area. Different traps in the same tectonic unit were shifted, forming the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of“the ebb and flow type of convergence”; the Carboniferous strata in Hudson oilfield in northern Tarim were reversed on the whole, with structural highs migrating southward, which made oil?water interface tilt under normal temperature and pressure, forming“post conveyor type”oil?gas accumulation pattern; the old faults in Tazhong?4 oilfieldrevived episodically, with multiple oil?gas?water interfaces, forming“residual leakage type”accumulation pattern. The oil and gas accumulation kept in unsteady state characteristics of episodic balance and adjustment. Research on hydrocarbon’s adjustment characteristics in the neotectonic period has a guiding significance on the petroleum exploration and development in Tarim basin in the future