Abstract: Turpan-Hami (Tuha) basin is one of large coal-measure petroliferous basins in China, in which the kerogen of most source rocks is in low-matured stage. By means of 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis and pyrolytic experiment, this paper studied the characteristics and variation of the kerogen structures in different heating rates and maturities from the Badaowan coal and carbonaceous mudstone of the Jurassic in Tuha basin. The results show that such a kerogen is in fact that the aliphatic structure carbons are significantly reduced, the oxygen-aromatic carbons are cracked out and the aromatic structures are slightly condensed, especially in the low-matured evolution stage. The amount of methylene groups is more than that of methyl groups, which could be the main reason for the basin’s light and low-matured crude oil reserves are more than low-matured natural gas