Formation and Evolution of Hydrothermal Karst and Hydrocarbon Distribution in Halahatang Area

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210402

Abstract

Abstract:

The Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Halahatang oilfield is the primary contributor to high and stable production of Tarim Oilfield Company. However, it has been difficult to study its forming mechanism, forming period, and oil and gas distribution. Based on geophysical data, core and slice observation, analysis of geochemical and production data, etc., the characteristics of the hydrothermal karst in the Halahatang area have been studied, the forming period of the hydrothermal karst has been determined, and the controls of the active faults formed in the Hercynian movement and the strike-slip faults formed in the Caledonian movement on the distribution of the hydrothermal karst and hydrocarbon are clarified. The study results show that magmatic activities, active faults in the Hercynian movement period, and hydrocarbon accumulation in hydrothermal karst mainly occurred in the Permian, and they are similar in timing and successive in origin. There are differences between the Hercynian active faults and the Caledonian strike-slip faults in terms of mechanical properties, occurrence, scale, distribution, and controls on hydrothermal karst. Hydrocarbon can effectively accumulate in the hydrothermal karst on the strike-slip faults in the Caledonian movement period, while hydrocarbon can not or poorly accumulate in the hydrothermal karst on the active faults in the Hercynian movement period due to the influences of the openning and intermitting of faults during the hydrocarbon accumulation period. As a result, the distribution of the hydrocarbon in the Ordovician strata in the east of the Halahatang area greatly differs from that in the west. During petroleum exploration and well allocation, it is necessary to differ the Caledonian strike-slip faults from the Hercynian active faults, and then take the hydrothermal karst on the strike-slip faults as the exploration target.

Key words: Halahatang oilfield, carbonate reservoir, Hercynian movement, active fault, Caledonian movement, strike-slip fault, Permian, hydrothermal karst, hydrocarbon distribution

CLC Number:

TE121.3

NING Chaozhong, LI Yong, DENG Xiaojuan, CHEN Jiaheng, WANG Xiaoming, SUN Zhao, HAN Yongquan. Formation and Evolution of Hydrothermal Karst and Hydrocarbon Distribution in Halahatang Area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(4): 399-409.

Figures/Tables 10

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断裂类型	位置	断裂性质	力学机制	发育时期	走向	单段平面延伸距离	层位	剖面识别
海西运动期活动断裂	靠近东河塘断隆的哈拉哈塘北部齐古和新垦区,分布密集	张性断裂	张扭	海西运动期二叠纪,与奥陶系油气成藏近同期	北西60°为主	1.5~6.0 km	上奥陶统—二叠系	在地震剖面上难识别,依据伴生岩溶和热液排泄通道确定其分布和走向
加里东运动期走滑断裂	哈拉哈塘全区分布,北部相对密集,向南密度减小	走滑断裂	压扭	加里东运动期奥陶纪末	北东30°和北西20°为主	一般大于3.0 km,可达几十千米	基底—志留系	在地震剖面上较难识别,垂向断距小,奥陶系上部被岩溶复杂化