Abstract: In Qing Dynasty(1906), a reconnaissance survey for oil shows was made under the leadership of Wang Shudan, chief executive of Xinjiang region, and some oil drilling and production equipments were introduced from abroad, initially starting Xinjiang petroleum industry in Dushanzi area.However, such a effort was ended up with falling of Qing Dynasty.In a period of the Republic of China(1918 ~ 1923), development of oil producing and refining was reorganized by Yang Zengxin, governor of Xinjiang province, but there 's little improvement due to lack of expenditures.In addition, a plant was built up in Wangjiagou area by Pan Zuhuan, a local figure, initiating oil producing and refining industry with a few profits, which made some contribution to the second prosperity of Xinjiang petroleum industry.In the early of 1940s, cooperation between China and former Sovient Union allowed the construction of considerable large-scale oil production management in Dushanzi oilfield, emerging the third period of great prosperity for the industry.Afterwards, because Sheng Shicai, chairman of Xinjiang province at that time, went and sought with the Kuomintang and implemented a policy of counter communism and counter-Soviet Union, followed by a worsened relations with Soviet Union, the oil producing and refining situation in Dushanzi field seemed to be a flash in the pan and moved towards the decline rapidly.

Key words: Recent, Xinjiang, Petroleum industry, Developing history