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01 January 2019, Volume 34 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Petroleum Control Patterns by Structural Systems KANG Yuzhu1, LING Xiang1, CHEN Xinhua2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (300KB) ( 373 )   Save The theory of geomechanics created by well?known geologist Dr Li Siguang has been applied to effectively guide the China’s oil and gas exploration works and make successful discoveries of numerous oil and gas fields. This paper summarizes the domestic exploration efforts of several large? and medium?sized basins and puts forward the understandings of petroleum control patterns by five types of structural systems such as the structural system hierarchical oil?control pattern, structural system superposition control pattern, structural system complex control pattern, structural system multistage control pattern and low?level shear structures control one. It is believed that such understandings are of important significances to guiding the current and future oil and gas exploration in China Related Articles | Metrics

The Eocene-Miocene Sequences and Their Controls on Lithologic Traps in Southwestern Qaidam Basin XIAO Chuantao, HE Bin, FENG Zhentao The Eocene-Miocene Sequences and Their Controls on Lithologic Traps in Southwestern Qaidam Basin XIAO Chuantao, HE Bin, FENG Zhentao 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (300KB) ( 199 )   Save In this paper, the relationship between Grade?III sequence interfaces and Himalayan movement is discussed systematically. It is suggested that the eight sequences surfaces were developed in Eocene-Miocene and respondent to different stages of Tibetan plateau uplifting. The strongest tectonic movement in this studied area took place at least four times, representing four significant responses of Himalayan movement or Tibetan plateau uplifting, by which the Himalayan movement can be divided into four episodes. The Tertiary in this area can then be classified as one Class?I sequence, four Class?II sequences, seven Class?III sequences and eleven base?level cycle ones. All of them are composed of the sequence stratigraphic system in this area. By in?depth division and correlation of them, the control effects of them on the different types of lithologic traps are analyzed. It is concluded that the lowstand system tracts (LST) are the most favorable horizons of the lithologic traps development in southwestern Qaidam basin. The main lithologic reservoirs are controlled by the maximum lake flooding surface, and the stratigraphic overlapping reservoirs or unconformity?barriering stratigraphic reservoirs are controlled by the sequence interfaces Related Articles | Metrics

The Sequence Structure, Coal Forming Environment and Coal Accumulating Regularities of CoalBearing Rock Series in Southern Margin of Junggar Basin ZHI Dongming1,LIU Min2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (300KB) ( 312 )   Save The southern margin of Junggar basin is rich in low?rank coal resources. This paper reveals the sequence structure and coal?forming environment and coal accumulating regularities of the coal?bearing rock series in this area, through the outcrop observation and the core, drilling, logging data analyses, using the correlations between the base level cycle and accommodation space, by means of lithofacies paleogeographic researches, as follows: the coal?bearing rock series can be divided into five Class?III sequences and 15 system tracts from the bottom up; fan delta, delta and lake facies are the main sedimentary systems, and the sedimentary facies, subfacies and microfacies in each system show regular changes from the mountains to the basin, in which flood plain swamp, fan delta plain swamp and lakeshore swamp in inter?fan deltas are the major coal?forming microenvironments; the ancient landform and ancient sedimentary environment determine the macroscopic distribution and development degree of coal seams in the studied area, and thick coal seams are mainly developed in lowstand and highstand system tracts Related Articles | Metrics

Lithofacies Structures in Carboniferous Volcanic Gas Reservoir in Dinan Swell, Junggar Basin SHI Xinpu1, ZHANG Dongping1, LIAO Wei1, LI Chen1, HU Qingxiong1, SHAO Li1, HU Zongfang1, CHEN Qing1,CHEN Fanghong2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (300KB) ( 218 )   Save The Carboniferous in Dinan swell of Junggar basin is a major sequence for petroleum exploration in this area. At present, four bigger gas reservoirs have been found, namely Dixi?10, Dixi?14, Dixi?17 and Dixi?18 gas reservoirs. The latest drilling results show that there are other large?scale gas reservoirs to be found. Based on current vertical lithofacies structural analyses of successful and unsuccessful wells drilling into the Carboniferous, integrated with well logs and seismic data analysis of the lithofacies structural characteristics of well fence profile in gas reservoirs in main well block, it is suggested that the hydrocarbon accumulation control factors are lot, but of which lithofacies is dominant. So the concept of“lithofacies body”should be used to identify the favorable lithofacies in this area. In the upper sequence volcanic rocks, the favorable targets mainly include the andesite and basalt which are scattered in distribution outside the Dixi?17 gas reservoir and slope area of, while in the lower sequence volcanic rocks, the targets could be in scattered volcanic rocks on slope area near the Dixi fault, in andesite, basalt and rubble tuff in the west of Dixi?21 well, and in scattered volcanic rocks along the Dixi fault mainly in the east of Dixi?33 well. The common features of these favorable lithofacies zones are that the volcanic rock mass weathering and leach?ing time was long and distributed near the fault Related Articles | Metrics

The Characteristics of Natural Fractures in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs of Chang7 Member in Ningxian-Heshui Area, Ordos Basin WANG Xiaodong1, ZU Kewei2, LI Xiangping1, ZHAO Xiangyuan2, TANG Xiaomei3, ZHANG Yangyu2, ZHU Lifeng2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (300KB) ( 299 )   Save Based on the data of outcrops, cores and imaging logs, structural fractures and diagenetic fractures develop in the tight sandstone reservoirs of Chang?7 member of Yanchang formation in Ningxian-Heshui area in Ordos basin, of which the high?angle shear fractures are dominant, with four sets of orientations like EW, SN, NW-SE and NE-SW, dominated by NE-SW and EW fractures. The big variation of fractures is affected by the lithology, bedding thickness, sedimentary micro?facies and rock heterogeneity, among which the rock heteroge?neity is the main factor affecting such a reservoir’s fracture development degree. Also, the development of natural fractures of Chang?7 member is subjected to the effect of current stress field. The preferential open NE-SW fracture system will be the main seepage channels.The high rock brittleness index is favorable for volumetric fracturing, forming complex fracture network system in it Related Articles | Metrics

Differences of Crude Oil in Low and High Resistivity Reservoirs and Processes of Reservoir Forming in Qionghai Swell in Western Pearl River Mouth Basin CHENG Peng1,2, ZHANG Yingzhao3, XIAO Xianming1, TIAN Hui1, HUANG Baojia3, XU Xinde3,ZHOU Qin1,2, GAI Haifeng1,2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (300KB) ( 182 )   Save The widespread Low?resistivity oil reservoirs in Qionghai swell in western Pearl River Mouth basin of South China Sea are often associated with the underlying high?resistivity reservoirs. This paper makes comparisons of the crude oils from such two types of reservoirs,and suggests that the low?resistivity reservoirs are normally lower in oil density and sulfur content, with slightly higher maturity, more terrigenous organic matters in kerogen and enriched clay mineral deposited in an oxidizing environment, and such two types of crude oils have different reservoir?forming processes: the early formed mixed oil dominated by the Wenchang oil is preferential to charge into underlying high?permeability reservoir with low charging pressure, thus forming high?resistivity oil reservoirs; with more and more oil saturation of high?resistivity reservoir, the great amount of late formed mixed oil dominated by Enping oil of Wenchang?A sag is then charged into the upper low?permeability reservoirs with higher charging pressure, thus forming low?resistivity oil reservoirs. It is concluded that the wide distribution of the low?resistivity oil reservoirs in Qionghai swell indicates its surrounding or marginal hydrocarbon?generating sags should have higher hydrocarbon?generating intensity and be regarded as targets for further petroleum exploration Related Articles | Metrics

Structural Evolution of Eastern Maichen Sag in Junggar Basin and Influence on Its Structural Styles CHEN Wei1a,1b, LIU Hongyu1a, WU Feng1a, HOU Feng2a, CHEN Changzheng1a, MA Yueqin2b 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (300KB) ( 180 )   Save Through the detailed analysis of seismic, drilling and well logging data, the Cenozoic of Maichen sag in Junggar basin can be divided into three structural zones from the bottom up: Changliu formation?Liushagang formation, Weizhou formation and Neogene?Quaternary. They correspond to such three structural evolution stages as continental rift stage, rift?depression transition stage and marine depression stage. The transition changes of the three stages result in two transformations of structural pattern of this sag: at the end of Eocene the Junggar basin’s pattern transformed from NE to near EW; at the end of paleogene the whole basin was uplifted and eroded, becoming regional depression from rift. At the same time, the differences of structural evolution made the different structural styles developed in different structural zones: the stress in the lower structural zone (Changliu formation-Liushagang formation) was dominated by tension, developing stretch structural style; the stress in the middle structural zone (Weizhou formation) was tension and strike?slip, mainly developing stretch and strike?slip style, and in the upper structural zone (Neogene-Quaternary) few or no fault occurred Related Articles | Metrics

The Origin of Deep Natural Gas of Qianbei SubSag of Changling Fault Depression in Songliao Basin WANG Weiming1a,2, LU Shuangfang1a, ZHANG Shuxia1b, WU Hui2, WANG Guilei2, WEN Siliang3 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (300KB) ( 149 )   Save Qianbei sub?sag is the biggest one in Changling fault depression in southern Songliao basin, with low degree of natural gas exploration. This paper analyses the origin of deep gas in this sub?sag using natural gas component, isotope and lighter hydrocarbon data, combined with the characteristic of hydrocarbon source rocks. The result shows that the deep source rocks are dominated by humus kerogen, characterized by high abundance of organic matter, and good source rocks of Type?Ⅱ1 and Type?Ⅱ2 are distributed in Yingcheng formation, with post?maturity evolution degree; methane accounts for absolute advantage of natural gas component, nohydrocarbon gas contentis low; ethane isotope value is somewhat lighter, methane and ethane have obvious carbon isotope reversal phenomenon, corresponding to different types of kerogens: the methane is partial humic type and the ethane partial sapropelic type Related Articles | Metrics

Types and Distribution of Ordovician Reservoirs in Maigaiti Slope, Tarim Basin TIAN Lei1, CUI Haifeng1, LIU Benming2, ZHANG Xianjun2, ZHANG Nianchun1, LIU Jun1 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (300KB) ( 248 )   Save There are two sets of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs developed in Maigaiti slope in Tarim basin: the Middle?Upper Ordovician limestone is a fractured reservoir mainly controlled by multistage fault activity and fault?related karstification, and favorable reservoir rocks are mainly distributed in fracture?developed area; the Lower Ordovician dolomite is a fractured?vuggy reservoir chiefly controlled by burial recrystallization, burial karstification (organic acid and hydrotherm), which is distributed in Well Q5 and Well S1 3D seismic areas as well as carbonate platform in western Tarim basin, with seismic reflection characteristics as“beads”. The distribution of the reservoir rocks indicates that the Lower Ordovician dolomite reservoir is the breakthrough for hydrocarbon exploration of the Ordovician in Maigaiti slope Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Lucaogou Formation in Sangtanghu Basin HU Qianzea, WANG Linglib, CUI Ea 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (300KB) ( 180 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

Structural Evolution and Exploration Direction of Guchengxu Uplift of Tarim Basin JIN Xianmei1, CAO Zicheng1, CHEN Jianhua2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (300KB) ( 222 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

An example from Youshashan fault in Yingdong area of Qaidam basin ZHANG Huanxu1, CHEN Shijia1, ZHANG Jing2, WANG Peng2, ZHOU You2, JIANG Yinghai2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (300KB) ( 181 )   Save By taking Youshashan fault in Yingdong area of Qaidam Basin as an example, based on the developed formation model, this paper analyses the shale smear of the fault and makes fitting calculation of the fault zone displacement pressure in order to find a feasible method for fault sealing ability evaluation in condition of large fault throw. It is suggested that reasonable development of the fault zone model and proper division of the layers are the premise of the fault sealing ability evaluation, proper utilization of the evaluation means is the key of it. The study shows that the depth of about 2 000 m is a node for sealing of Youshashan fault; the fault is partially open above the depth and completely closed below it. It is concluded that deep footwall of Youshashan fault could have good prospects for petroleum exploration Related Articles | Metrics

Fluid Inclusion and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Suowa Formation in Esima Area in Qiangtang Basin ZHAN Wangzhong1, HE Yongzhong2, CHEN Wenbin1, ZHU Xun2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (300KB) ( 234 )   Save In this paper, 11 samples of fluid inclusions from the Suowa formation in Esima area of Qiangtang basin were analyzed, including the fluorescence observation, micro?temperature and salinity measurement, etc. The results indicate that five periods of thermal fluid events took place in this Suowa reservoir, among which the second, third and fifth periods were related to the hydrocarbon accumulation in this area: the second and third periods were dominated by oil charging and the fifth by gas charging. Combined with the burial history analysis, it is concluded that there exist three periods of large?scale hydrocarbon accumulation processes, namely, in the end of Late Jurassic tothe early of Early Cretaceous (148.3×106~144.7×106 a), the early of Early Cretaceous (144.7×106~141.1×106 a) and the Middle Miocene(17.6×106~11.3×106 a) Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Pores and Throats Distribution in Tight Sandstone Reservoir WU Luofei1, SHI Yongmin1, MA Wei2, XIONG Wentao1, GUO Xinwei1 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (300KB) ( 270 )   Save Taking Chang?6 tight sandstone reservoir in one field of mid?eastern Ordos basin as an example, with many experimental means such as FE?SEM, rock and cast sections, mercury injection and NMR, etc., this paper discusses in detail the pores and throats features in tight sandstone reservoir and suggests that the composite effects of pores and throats are significant to the development of such a reservoir.The static geological model for this reservoir can not well match with the micro?pores and throats by cell unit size, which is the primary cause resulting in limitation of reliability and accuracy, while using mean cell unit size of micro?pores and throats could more directly and properly characterize the heterogeneity of the tight sandstone reservoir Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Secondary Development of Old Oilfields and CO2 Flooding Technology HU Bin1,2, HU Wenrui3, LI Xiusheng1, BAO Jingwei4 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (300KB) ( 1732 )   Save The necessity and feasibility of EOR in old fields were analyzed and the basic concept and approaches for old fields’secondary development were elaborated, including the main mechanism, mode and efficiency of CO2 flooding and the related researches and experimental progress at home and abroad, as well as the prospects of such secondary development and technologies for CO2 flooding. The core of secondary development or "redevelopment" is to rebuild new development systems by means of new development ideas and new technologies in order to substantially tap potentials and improve ultimate oil recovery of the old or maturing oilfields, including reconstructing the geological knowledge, the well pattern and ground technological process, etc. The practices show that CO2 flooding can not only improve the old oilfields’recovery, but also restore carbon and protect environment. The researches of related theories and technologies have been carried out effectively and shown good results at home and abroad. The combination of old field redevelopment and CO2 flooding is the trend of EOR and one of the key technologies in China in the future Related Articles | Metrics

Adsorption Characteristics and Impact on Productivity of Shale Gas Reservoir REN Jianhua, LIN Jingde, ZHANG Liang, REN Shaoran 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (300KB) ( 279 )   Save Part of gas in shale gas reservoir is adsorbed on the surface of the pores, which is subjected to the influence of shale properties and reservoir conditions. Normally, the adsorbed gas accounts for about 20%~85% of the total gas content. Some factors such as organic matter content, mineral composition, reservoir temperature and pressure, pore structure, etc. influence the shale adsorption capacity. This paper analyses the impact of adsorption gas on shale gas well production from the isothermal adsorption curve shape, Langmuir volume and Langmuir pressure using numerical simulation method. The results show that the isothermal adsorption curve is of clear linear feature: the higher the Langmuir pressure, the easier the adsorption gas desorption, and the higher the gas production; the greater the Langmuir volume,or the higher the proportion of adsorption gas content, the lower the shale gas well productivity Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of Relative Permeability Regularity in Shale Gas Reservoirs ZHOU Yuhui1,2, ZHANG Liehui1, YAN Yule2, ZHOU Bohan2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (300KB) ( 235 )   Save The relative permeability regularity study of shale gas reservoirs has a significance in the recovery prediction of this reservoir.Although the liner function proposed by Romm is still widely used in the calculation of relative permeability to predict the gas recovery,lots of researches have manifested this function will lead to a serious deviation from the real situation. In this paper, a new model for calculating oil/water two phase relative permeability curves of shale gas reservoir is proposed, which is related to the effect of fluid saturation and viscosity. Compared with Romm model, the new model can be better used for percolation estimation of shale gas reservoirs Related Articles | Metrics

Modeling of Su2 Structure in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin LIAO Lin1, WANG Buqing2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (300KB) ( 223 )   Save Because of the limitation of information, the Su?2 structural model for southwest depression in Tarim basin is of multiple solutions, which directly affects the exploration potentials of Su?2 structure. Combining with previous research results and geological outcrop,seismic and drilling data, the model for this area is developed, from which the following understandings are obtained: piedmont fault belongs to basement?involved fault, the fault occurrence appears transition from piedmont to basin and from deep to shallow, gradually, the older strata like Devonian system are overlying on Su?2 anticline; the Lower Cretaceous is likely to exist in Su?2 structure, also there possibly exists the Jurassic Related Articles | Metrics

A New Approach to Gas Flow in FracturedVuggy Carbonate Reservoirs LIN Ran1, HUANG Bingguang1, WANG Nutao1, LE Xiao2, CHEN Dong2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (300KB) ( 225 )   Save A mathematic model for gas flow through naturally fractured?vuggy carbonate reservoirs with complex fracture?vug connection is developed, by which the patterns of the flow rate changes in each fracture and the pressure changes in each vug during pressure decline and buildup stages are gained in this paper. Taking the reservoir with six macroscopic vugs and five fractures as an example, the computation indicates that during pressure decline stage, the pressure decline in vugs near the production well is much faster than that in vugs far away from the production well, and the vugs near the well contribute most gas flow in the initial pressure decline stage and the vugs far away from the well join in gradually later; during pressure buildup stage, the pressure in vugs and production in fractures vary widely because of the complexity of fracture?vug connection. In some of fractures backflow may appear in late stage. Also, this paper presents the influences of vug size, fracture length and fracture width on the changes of pressure in vugs and gas production in fractures Related Articles | Metrics

Optimization and Control Techniques for Circulating Preheating Stage by Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Process HUO JinSANG LinxiangYANG Guo, SU ChangqiangXI YizhenMA XinTONG Yubao 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (300KB) ( 216 )   Save In 2009, the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) pilot areas of Zhong?32 and Zhong?37 wellblocks were successively estab?lished in Karamay Fengcheng oilfield. Based on the circulating preheating practice summary of SAGD development zone in Wellblock Zhong?32 in 2012, the circulating preheating is subdivided into four stages: wellbore preheating stage, balanced pressure?elevating stage,steady pressure stage and micro?pressure drainage stage, determining the critical nodes and criterions of each stage. Through the real?timetracking optimization and control, the interwell communication degree has improved up to 86% from 34.3%, greatly increasing the effect of the circulating preheating. Such a technology for optimization and control in circulating preheating stage of SAGD will be as a guide for its field practice in the future Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study of Development Process of Shallow and Thin ExtraHeavy Oil Reservoirs Following Steam Stimulation MA Desheng1, GUO Jia2, LI Xiuluan1, ZAN Cheng1, SHI Lin2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (300KB) ( 264 )   Save A 3?D scaled physical model was designed and developed for high temperature and high pressure steam injection process. Pujol and Boberg’s scaling criteria and horizontal well similarity criterion were used for the modeling of the reservoir parameters and horizontal well parameters influencing steam injection recovery. Three alternative processes with different well patterns following steam stimulation were studied, including vertical well steam drive, vertical well steam injection and horizontal well production, horizontal well steam injection and vertical well production. The experimental results show that the vertical well steam injection and horizontal well production process (or vertical injector?horizontal producer combination) is of longer high?yield period and high oil rate, with experimental recovery percent of 70%. For a shallow extra?heavy oil reservoir with thickness of 10~15 m, the vertical injector?horizontal producer combination is an option for alternative development process after single well steam stimulation Related Articles | Metrics

Application of GompertzBased Grey Model to Oilfield Production Forecast TANG Guoping1, JIANG Hanqiao1, DING Shuaiwei1, LI Junjian1, GAN Yunyan2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (300KB) ( 335 )   Save With the increasing of overseas oilfield cooperation projects, proper evaluation of a significant project needs quick forecasting the oil production from the current and the long term. Based on Gompertz model that can be used for fine characterization and description of S?type curves, and its grey model that requires fewer data points, this paper presents a new approach for prediction of a field cumulative oil production by Gompertz?based grey model. The case study shows that this model has strong anti?interference capacity and high accuracy in regression and history matching of production data, by which the production forecast of an oil?gas field will be of certain accuracy and reliability Related Articles | Metrics

Geochemical Tracking on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods of Ordovician in Hanilcatam Sag, Tarim Basin XIAO Hui1a,1b, ZHAO Jingzhou1a,1b, ZHU Yongfeng2, LI Yanxia1a,1b 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (300KB) ( 185 )   Save The normal alkanes of crude oils of the Ordovician in Hanilcatam sag in Tarim basin are complete in distribution, with varied rising of the chromatographic baselines, widespread 25?Hopane, partial heavier and gently carbon isotopes of nC15-nC26, and gradually lighter carbon isotopes of nC27-nC30. These features indicate that the reservoirs in this area underwent at least 2?period reservoir?forming processes, the oil source of present reservoirs are dominated by late charging oil. The oil inclusions infrared spectrum analysis shows that the early charging oil is low mature oil, with m(CH2)/m(CH3) value of 4.5~7.3, straight chain carbon atom number Xstd of 18~25; the late charging oil belongs to normal mature oil, with m(CH2)/m(CH3) value of 1.9~2.8, Xstd of about 7~11. Therefore, it is concluded that the oil in Hanilcatam sag nowadays is mixed crude oil charged by normal mature oil after experiencing biodegradation of early low mature oil Related Articles | Metrics

The Risk Probability Prediction of Drilling Operation Site Using ARIMA Model ZHAO Chunlan, WANG Bing, GUO Ping 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (300KB) ( 346 )   Save There exist a lot of uncertainties during drilling operation, with high investment and high risks. Up to now, there is no quantitative risk probability prediction model for drilling operation site. This paper proposes the ARIMA model for quantitative prediction of drilling operation risks that may take place in future. Taking the field risk probability recorded from Longgang M well as samples of time sequence, the statistical characteristics are extracted followed by ADF inspection and pure random test with SAS software. Combining the ACF and PACF charts with the criterions of AIC, SBC and standard error, the final ARIMA (2,1,3) model has been developed, with the error of simulation of 4.477 4%. The prediction results show that the model is more suitable for drilling operation site in deep carbonate fractured reservoirs, and the short?term prediction results are better than the long?term prediction ones Related Articles | Metrics

Performance Analysis and Optimization of SIS Well for Medium Coal Rank CBM Development FANG Na1, YAO Yuedong2, XIA Zhaohui3, JIANG Guanghong3, DING Wei4, WU Keliu2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (300KB) ( 191 )   Save The successful use of surface?in?seam (SIS) well in medium coal rank coalbed methane (CBM) of Moranbah field indicates thatSIS wells have the benefits of high productivity, easy operation and broad applicability. Through theoretical analysis and CBM simulation,this paper analyzes the performance between SIS well and horizontal well, and optimizes SIS wells from both production regulation and well design. The result shows that the recovery factor of SIS wells is 2~7 times higher than horizontal wells as the permeability is about 1~40 mD and the gas content is less than 12 m3/m3. Therefore, for the reservoir with low gas content, medium permeability and such a CBM, SIS well is obviously advantageous than horizontal well. When the rational pump displacement of SIS well is about 60~90 m3/d, its downhole pressure should be controlled at about 0.15~0.2 MPa. And when the branch length of the SIS well is about 1 100 m, the optimized branch angle is about 40°~50° and the central axis orientation of SIS well is perpendicular to face cleat, its production performance will be the best Related Articles | Metrics

Several Questions About LowPermeability Reservoirs in Reservoir EngineeringRediscussion with Mr Dou Hong’en LI Chuanliang 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (300KB) ( 261 )   Save Several questions about low?permeability reservoirs are re?discussed with Mr Dou Hong’en, such as presence of stress sensitivity, rock compressibility, effective stress, starting pressure gradient, porosity invariance principle of reservoir engineering, which are frequently encountered basic concepts and mathematical representations. Correct answers to these questions are of great significance on the reservoir researches and rational development Related Articles | Metrics

Sequence Stratigraphy of Carboniferous in Eastern Margin of PreCaspian Basin MIAO Qianyou1, WANG Yankun2, ZHU Xiaomin1, YU Bingsong3, JIANG Junchao2 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (300KB) ( 275 )   Save The analysis, comparison and sedimentary paleogeographic study of Carboniferous strata in the eastern margin of Pre?Caspian basin are conducted using sequence stratigraphy theory, developing the sequence stratigraphic framework in this area. The Carboniferous is divided into 5 second?order sequences, namely SS1-SS5 from the bottom up, and 11 third?order sequences, namely S1-S11 in turn. On the basis of isochronous correlation, the sedimentary feature, lithological combination and the favorable area of high?quality reservoir in different zones of this basin are presented. It is suggested that in highstand system tract (HST) the SS5 and SS2 occurs one dolomite reservoir and one beach limestone reservoir, respectively corresponding to the mudstone cap rocks of top SS5 and SS3, shaping good reservoir?seal assemblages and forming important oil?gas reservoirs. From the discovered reservoirs distribution, relatively high parts in regional structure are favorable for development of carbonate reservoirs Related Articles | Metrics

New Approach to Utilization of Oil Associated Gas in Russia and SinoRussian Cooperation YE Xiaowei1, ZHU Yun2a, LIU Ping2a, REN Jiaping2b 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (300KB) ( 159 )   Save Russia is one of major oil?producing countries in today’s world, but it also faces the major issues effectively solving the oil associated gas utilization. Russian government formulated a series of laws and regulations in recent years in order to increase the regulation and control of oil associated gas utilization, and Russia’s major oil and gas companies are exploring new ways to improve the level of oil associated gas use. Meanwhile, the scientific research institutions and design units are also actively involved in approaches to the effective utilization of it. This paper analyzes the Russian production and the use level of oil associated gas, selects the typical examples of it, and introduces systematically new ways for using it, at the same time, discusses Sino?Russian cooperation opportunities and approaches in the field ofoil associated gas utilization in the future for the purpose of achieving win?win cooperation Related Articles | Metrics

Review of Natural Gas Industry in Kazakhstan and Proposals for SinoKazakhstan Cooperation MING Haihui 2013, 34 (4):  1-1.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (300KB) ( 659 )   Save Located in the hinterland of Central Asia, Kazakhstan is the largest country in oil and gas resources in Central Asia area, and the oil and gas industry is its pillar industry of the national economy. In recent years, Kazakhstan has taken measures to enhance the level of its oil and gas industry development by attracting foreign investment, technological innovation, merger and acquisition, etc. Over the past decade, the total oil?gas production of Kazakhstan increased by 6 times. In 2011, the production of crude oil, condensate and natural gas reached 8 006×104 t and 395×108 m3, respectively. With the tension of oil resources supply, rising of oil prices and increase of domestic gas demand, Kazakhstan modified resources law and promulgated natural gas law. These more pragmatic policies aim to continually strengthen the regulation and utilization of oil and gas resources, safeguard the interests of the country. Based on the development status and prospect analysis of the natural gas industry of Kazakhstan, the proposals for Sino?Kazakhstan cooperation in oil and natural gas are given in this paper Related Articles | Metrics