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01 December 2008, Volume 29 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Basements and Crust Structures in Junggar Basin QU Guo-sheng, MA Zong-jin, SHAO Xue-zhong, ZHANG Xian-kang 2008, 29 (6):  669-674.  Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (624KB) ( 257 )   Save On the basis of preview associated with basement research progress and the problems about Junggar basin, the crust in this basin is divided into three structural layers including sedimentary cap rock, Palaeozoic folded basement and crystal basement, according to the deep exploration results which include 4 exploration profiles by method of DSCW and one seismic reflection/refraction profile and inversion of gravity and magnetism, ascertaining B, G, C1(or G1), C and M interfaces with their parameters. The 3D model results show that the folded and crystal basement has "double basement" feature, belonging to continental crust. The present structure is buried shallower on the eastern, northern and western sides of it, and its middle part runs dip and deep from north to south. The thickness of folded basement is thicker in the north than in the south. The thickness of Sangequan swell is about 4~10 km in the north and 0~4 km in the south, and Changji sag is the thinnest between 0 km and 1 km. NWW-trending Kelameili-Wulungu upper mantle uplift, SN-trending Karameli-Zhangbei and Zayier-Sikeshu upper mantle uplift as well as sags and slopes in Junggar basin are all presented in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Seismic Detection of Deep Structures in Junggar Basin ZHANG Xian-kang, QU Guo-sheng, ZHAO Jin-ren 2008, 29 (6):  675-679.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (572KB) ( 264 )   Save The seismic reflection/refraction profiles are arranged along Qitai-Karamay-Emin, Wucaiwan-Santai-Bogda cross West Junggar mountain, Junggar basin and Bogda mountain, ascertaining 2D crustal velocity, deep crustal structures and crustal layers and acquiring B, G, C1, C, and M interfaces and velocity structures of P, S wave as well as their velocity ratios. The study shows that the earth crust in this region can be divided into upper crust and lower one. The upper crust includes sediments above the basement faults lying on G, G-C1, C1-C interfaces; the lower crust appears between C and M interfaces, there exist deep fault zones such as Dalbute, Karamay, East Daguai, Fukang and northern margin of Bogda as well as 4 steep dipping super-crustal faults in hinterland of Junggar basin. The interface T under the West Junggar orogenic belt is buried in depth of 11.6～12.4 km, and the thrust fault surface at bottom of west-dipping Zhayier nappe structure is recognized. In Bogda mountain area, there is a discontinuous interface between crust and mantle which is sharply deepen toward south from 50.6 km to 69.0 km in depth. In its northern margin, the fault belt is in gentle dipping at the surface and then steep dipping toward the deep, forming the disagreement of orogeny between the surface and the deep. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Basin-Mountain Coupling in East Segment of Southern Margin and Northeastern Margin of Junggar Basin LI Tao, ZHANG Jin, LU Miao-an 2008, 29 (6):  680-686.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (763KB) ( 365 )   Save The eastern Junggar basin is in multi-units and complex deformed framework and has basin-mountain relationship among eastern Junggar basin, Bogda mountain, Karameli mountain and mountains of northeastern margin of Junggar basin. This paper presents their dynamic relationships, develops their basin-mountain coupling models and predicts their favorable zones for petroleum migration and accumulation. It is recognized that 1)there exists one east-west trending compressional and nappe structural system in Changji-eastern Junggar basin, which undergone long-term activities from Late Carboniferous to Mesozoic and Cenozoic; 2)the eastern Junggar basin and its nearby mountains are composed of three tectonic systems which began to take shape at different periods and underwent continuous or discontinuous activities, they are the Caledonian-Hercynian NW trending tectonic belt, the EW trending nappe structure developed from Late Carboniferous to Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and the Cenozoic Bogda mountain-eastern Junggar basin-Karameli mountain nappe structure. These tectonic systems occurring and developing in different times or overlapping during their development form complex basinmountain coupling in these areas; 3)the fault bend fold, fault propagation fold and imbricate thrust faults are the main types of structural deformation in eastern Junggar basin and Wulungu region, in the complex area the tear faults and the transfer structures also occurred. In addition, 10 favorable areas for petroleum migration and accumulation are provided in this paper besides the models of basin-mountain coupling among eastern Junggar basin and its marginal mountains. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Geochemistry of Salgan Black Shales of Middle-Upper Ordovician in Keping Outcrop, Tarim Basin WANG Fei-yu, DU Zhi-li, ZHANG Bao-min, ZHAO Men-jun 2008, 29 (6):  687-689.  Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (268KB) ( 426 )   Save The Salgan formation of Middle-Upper Ordovician in Keping outcrop of Tarim basin is characterized by black shale deposit of 13.4 m in thickness intercalated with minor thin or lenticular limestone, with TOC of 0.65%～2.83%, averaging 1.63%, the total thickness of about 11～12 m, the organic matter of Type-II mainly originated from algae and acritarch. The equivalent vitrinite reflectance ranges from 1.58% to 1.61%. Its shape was related to global anoxic event of Caradoc period of Middle-Late Ordovician, with significant positive carbon isotopic excursion of carbonate. It is postulated that source rocks related to this event are widespread as major hydrocarbon source rocks in Tarim basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New Understanding of Uplifting Process of Southeast Uplift Area in Southern Songliao Basin LI Jun, HUANG Zhi-long, LI Lin-jun, LIU Bao-zhu 2008, 29 (6):  690-692.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (544KB) ( 536 )   Save Songliao basin has experienced several structural movements in its southeast uplift area. And the important impact on hydrocarbon accumulation is the regional uplifting caused by reversal tectonic movement in and after late period of Nenjiang formation. However, the inferior seismic data from shallow strata lead to no clear cognition of its tectonic evolution since uplifting. It is recognized from the marginal facies characteristics in shallow strata in southern Songliao basin that under the process of the compressional tectonic movement by the end of Late Cretaceous to paleogene, Songliao basin appeared features in form of uplift in its east and drop in its west while its uplifting as a whole, and the southeast uplift area is in uplifting situation for a long term. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Discovery and Its Geological Significance of Oil Seepage of Palaeozoic in Qaidam Basin GAN Gui-yuan, YIN Cheng-ming, PAN Hong-feng, YAO Xi-hai, CHEN Qiu-li, ZHU Ye-qian 2008, 29 (6):  693-695.  Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (352KB) ( 296 )   Save The geological survey of field outcrops and the comprehensive analyses of rock samples and the data from drilling and seismic show that the dark mudstone and limestone of Carboniferous and Ordovician in eastern Qaidam basin are medium- good hydrocarbon source rocks. In the northern margin of Qiadam basin, some petroleum has been found in Mabei, Nanbaxian and Yuka areas; in the western margin of this basin, oily bitumen are filled in pores of Ordovician limestone in Heishuigou area; and in red sandstone core from Upper Jurassic in Huocan-1 Well, light crude oil seepage is found probably from Carboniferous source rocks. These data indicate that Qaidam basin had the courses of petroleum generation, migration and accumulation in Paleozoic, so possessing the basic conditions of oilgas generation and the good prospects for oil-gas exploration in Qaidam basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Thermal Evolution of Magma Intrusion and Its Effect on Oil-Generating Window in Sedimentary Basin ZHANG Bao-min, WANG Su-juan, XIANG Hua 2008, 29 (6):  696-698.  Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (357KB) ( 234 )   Save Magma intrusion in a sedimentary basin can lead to the change of the geothermal history of the basin, accelerate the maturation of the organic matters and influence the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Considering the fundamental physical properties of magma intrusion and the latent heat effect in magmatic cooling, the functional relation about the change in temperature site is established, the thermal evolution modeling of magma intrusion with VB program is finished, expounding the distribution, changed rule and influential factors of the temperature within the magmatic cooling as well as effect of magma intrusion on oil-generating window using timetemperature index (ITT). The modeling results indicate that: The magmatic cooling history can be divided into fast cooling stage and slow cooling stage. In the first stage, the magma intrusive body cools rapidly while the enclosing bed is heated simultaneously, followed by the temperature of magma intrusive body being closed to that of enclosing bed. In the second stage, the temperature of the magma intrusive body is close to that of enclosing bed, and it cools slowly. Magma intrusion can accelerate hydrocarbon maturation and shoal the depth of oil-generating window. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prospects for Coal-Formed Oil and Gas Exploration of Carboniferous-Permian Residual Basins in Zhoukou Depression LIU Zhi-wu, ZHOU Li-fa, HE Ming-xi 2008, 29 (6):  699-702.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (356KB) ( 271 )   Save This paper completely studies the prospects and directions for coal-formed hydrocarbons exploration of the Carboniferous- Permian in Zhoukou depression in the south of the North China basin. This study indicates that the coal measures are the most important source rocks within residual basins of the Carboniferous-Permian, with big thickness, good types and large potentials of hydrocarbon generation as well as multi-stage hydrocarbon-generation processes in which Indo-Chinese epoch and Himalayan epoch are the major periods of hydrocarbon generation. The trap types occur in form of sedimentary trap and fault-fold structural trap, and in good assemblage with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The control factors for hydrocarbon accumulation include effective source rock distribution, transporting system capability, effective assemblage between structure-shaping stage and hydrocarbon migration-accumulation stage and Paleogene structural framework. Also, it is recognized that the hydrocarbon accumulation type in this residual basin could probably be divided into self-generation and self-accumulation one, lower-generation and upper-accumulation one and buried hill one. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fractural Characteristic and Genesis of Lower Crataceous in Qingxi Oilfield ZHOU Xiao-feng, YU Jun-min, YANG Shuang, HE Shun-li 2008, 29 (6):  703-705.  Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (264KB) ( 212 )   Save In Lower Crataceous in Qingxi sag of Jiuxi basin occurs a couple of NE-SW and NW-SE trending conjugated bedding-dissected fractures based on core and imaging logging data. The fractures are the major types in Lower Crataceous fractured reservoir in Qingxi sag. According to comprehensive analysis of Lower Crataceous sedimentation and diagenesis and tectonic stress field, a great deal of NE-SW trending bedding-dissected fractures occur in Well Area Long-7 to Long-4 of Kulongshan thrust section and Liugouzhuang thrust section, while in Well Area Long-8 to Long-10 NW-SE trending such fractures are dominant, but the number of the former is predominant. These dominant fractures are formed by initial compaction followed by tectonic stress action. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Petroleum Accumulation and Distribution in Triassic Chang-6 Reservoir in Eastern North Shaanxi Slope, Ordos Basin LEI Xiao-lan, ZHAO Jing-zhou, LIU Hao-wei, LI Wen-hou 2008, 29 (6):  706-709.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (632KB) ( 299 )   Save Traditionally, it was believed that the north Shaanxi slop in Ordos basin was a gentle west-tipping monocline. The formation and distribution of Triassic Yanchang reservoir including Chang-6 reservoir were mainly controlled by sedimentary facies, dominated by lithological reservoir, hence the structural factor and others did not play major controlling roles on Yanchang reservoir's formation and distribution in this area. This study shows that the foundation forming Chang-6 reservoir is the delta distributary channel sands, the necessary condition of petroleum enrichment in Chang-6 reservoir is the nose-like uplift setting and the hydrodynamic environment is its important trapping factor. Therefore, Chang-6 reservoir is in various types, dominated by complex reservoirs including structural-lithologic reservoir and structural-hydrodynamic reservoir, sub-dominated by lithologic reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The factors for Oil Sand Accumulation in Wuerhe Area of Junggar Basin ZHOU Wen, YU Lei, ZHANG Yin-de, LIU Ren-he, TAO Ying 2008, 29 (6):  710-712.  Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (277KB) ( 270 )   Save The Wuerhe area in Junggar basin has abundant resources of oil sand, mainly originated from source rocks of Permian in Manas lake sag. The oil and gas from it migrate/accumulate upward along the developed fractures and the uncomfortable surfaces, and form the reservoirs. Because of the water-washing, oxidation and biodegradation near the surface, the light components of the crude oil consumed continually, finally forming the oil sand deposits. The distribution of oil sand in this area is closely related with fractures/faults and unconformities, hence the oil sand body's distribution occurs along the fractures and the unconformities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Geologic Characteristics of Coal Seam Gas Accumulation in Shaerhu Sub-Sag, Tuha Basin YANG Zhen-xiang, LI Qiao-mei 2008, 29 (6):  713-715.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (315KB) ( 218 )   Save Shaerhu sub-sag is an isolated coal-bearing sub-sag in southern margin of Tuha basin and a peculiar coal-enriched sub-sag in China, with the thickness of single coal seam of 150 m. The coal step belongs to lignite. Based on the existing seismic, geologic, drilling and various analytical testing data, the basic geologic features of its accumulation into gas reservoir are fully discussed. The macro and micro composition, pore growth properties and adsorption of coal seam gas of Xisnanyao formation (J2x) in this sub-sag are identified. It is concluded that this coal seam in huge thickness possesses the geologic conditions for forming coal seam gas reservoir originated from biologic origin; the coal seam gas reservoir with high saturation is easily formed in the lower position of the sub-sag's slope, being a favorable area for exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Sedimentary Facies of Ziniquanzi Formation of Paleogene in Piedmont Fault-Fold Zone of Southern Margin of Junggar Basin SHEN Yu-lin, GUO Ying-hai, LI Zhuang-fu, RAN Qi-gui 2008, 29 (6):  716-718.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (403KB) ( 276 )   Save Based on the comparative study between outcrop and well logging data, the sedimentary facies of Ziniquanzi formation are divided into alluvial fan, braided river, braided river delta and lake ones. According to the two suits of mud which developed stably in Ziniquanzi formation, unconformity, erosion surface or sedimentary system interface in study area, the Ziniquanzi formation in fault-fold zone in southern margin of Jungar basin is classified into two segments, the upper segment and the lower segment. The diagram of the sedimentary system distribution is worked out by the two segments. The results show that the early Ziniquanzi formation (the lower segment) is in the sedimentary framework of fluvial fan-braded river-braded delta-lake facies; the late Ziniquanzi formation (the upper segment) is in the sedimentary assemblage of braded river-braded delta-lake facies, dominated by lake deposit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Control Effect of Fault Activity on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in South Terrace of Gaoyou Sag LI Xue-hui 2008, 29 (6):  719-721.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (416KB) ( 278 )   Save Sanduo epoch of late Eocene is the main time for hydrocarbon migration in south terrace of Gaoyou sag. On the basis of the analysis of fault activity intensity and regularity, its effect on controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation is studied. The results show that many active faults existed in early Sanduo epoch, and the single fault activity was in high intensity in late Sanduo epoch. Both the major fault and the sub-fault became the passages for longitudinal hydrocarbon migration. In the south terrace, the Sanduo fault activity intensity in its west was higher than that in its east. Such a difference of fault activity controlled the distribution of petroleum reservoirs in this area.The fault activity intensity in westward is larger than it in eastward, and the difference of the distributions of oil-gas reservoirs is determined by fault activity intensity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tectonic-Lithofacies Zone and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Wuerhe-Xiazijie Area of Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin JIANG Chun-ling, XU Duo-nian, WANG Wei-feng, HAN Neng-run 2008, 29 (6):  722-724.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (390KB) ( 256 )   Save Wuerhe-Xiazijie area is divided into nine structural units, and has nine sedimentary facies types and three sedimentary systems. The different structural zones allowed to developing different sedimentary systems. The growth fault caused the differences in sedimentary thickness of isochron strata and in sedimentary system in two sides of the fault. The fault's strike controlled the distribution directions of the sedimentary systems, and the step thrust faults formed multiple steep fan-delta. Wuerhe anticline fan-delta front (middle alluvial fan), Wuerhe-Xiazijie-Karameli thrust belt fan-delta plain (root alluvial fan), Xiazijie-Hongqiba bruchfalten zone fan-delta plain (root alluvial fan) tectonic-lithofacies zones are favorable locations for hydrocarbon accumulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Low Resistivity Reservoir and Water Saturation Evaluation of Qigu Formation in Niujuanhu Area in Santanghu Basin GUO Mo-zhen, ZHANG Sheng-bing, WEN Chuan-jiang, XIAO Lin-peng, CHEN Chang-xu, WANG Bin-wen 2008, 29 (6):  725-727.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (298KB) ( 258 )   Save The oil-gas reservoir in Upper Jurassic Qigu formation of Niujuanhu area in Santanghu basin is obviously characterized by low resistivity. The study shows that the clay minerals and their occurrences are the main influencing factors for forming the low-resistive reservoir. The double clay film enveloping the grains creates relatively strong additional conductive property through cationic exchange of the clay film, which is the main reason for it. By comparison with Archie's Equation, it is indicated that using "dual water model" to evaluate water saturation in reservoirs is the more effective method in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Sequence Stratigraphy and Lithologic Trap Prediction of Cretaceous in Hong-Che Fault Zone， Junggar Basin HE Zi-qian, ZHANG Shang-feng, CHEN Xuan, ZHI Dong-ming 2008, 29 (6):  728-731.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (575KB) ( 207 )   Save Based on composite analyses of seismic, drilling, well logging and outcrop data, together with interwell and log-seismic correlations, four third-scale sequences and eight system tracts are identified, firstly establishing the sequence stratigraphy correlation framework of Jurassic in Hong-Che fault zone. This will take an important part to search for lithologic subtle reservoirs in northwestern margin of Jungger basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calculation of Line Well Pattern Front Advance Velocity of Edge Water Drive Reservoir GU Jian-wei, WU Zhong-bao, LIU Wei-hua 2008, 29 (6):  732-734.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (284KB) ( 220 )   Save Based on material balance principle and one-dimension two-phase unsteady water drive theory, the water breakthrough model of line well pattern in edge water drive reservoir is established, and the front advance velocity equation is derived at the same time. Take Pai-2 Shawan reservoir as an example, the related calculation is made, and the calculated result is compared with the simulation result. It is shown that this method is simple and reliable. Also, the applicable conditions are given in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Successful Practice for Carbonate Reservoir Development by Cyclic Water Injection Process TU Xing-wan 2008, 29 (6):  735-736.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (181KB) ( 293 )   Save Tahe oilfield is the largest carbonate reservoir characterized by complex of karst fractures and cavities, with strong lateral and vertical heterogeneity. Most wells in it are not hydrodynamicly connected. The primary oil recovery of single well in a blocked reservoir is as low as 2.5%～5.5% with 30%～90% production declined rate and the maximum oil recovery is only around 12%. For this reason, cyclic water injection process in single well is applied to the reservoir development as a pilot test in Tahe oilfield. The numerical simulation study indicates that this process is feasible and extended to the whole field. In 110 wells, the water injection rate amounts to 132.18×104t, the incremental oil production reaches 45.25×104t, showing the daily increased single well production rate ranges from 13 t to 164 t and the cyclic incremental production rate ranges from 55 t to 3 076 t. As a typical example, the dead production well, Well X81, has reached an extra 12.67% oil recovery following the cyclic water injection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

4D Model for Reservoir Parameters in Faultblock-3 in Tangjiahe Oilfield ZHU Wen-chun, LI Shu-qing, QIU Hong, YIN Zhi-jun, ZHANG Ji-chun, YUAN Yu-tao 2008, 29 (6):  737-739.  Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (348KB) ( 246 )   Save Based on the drilling, well logging, core lab displacement experiment and various production performance data, the 4D dynamic evolution model for reservoir physical parameter changes with waterflooding process in Faultblock-3 reservoir in Tangjiahe oilfield is developed. The production history in this oilfield showed that during 1971-1982, the porosity and permeability in this reservoir relatively declined by 1.63% and 2.58%, respectively; after 1982, the porosity and permeability relatively increased by 1.00% and 5.57%, respectively. The reasons for the changes of rock property and microscopic structure caused during different exploitation periods mainly include: reservoir temperature and pressure drawdown, fluid property change and injected water hydrodynamism. With this 4D model, this paper predicts the oil-water behavior and remained oil distribution status within producing units during different development stages, the results indicate that they are close to actual production status of corresponding producers and injectors at that time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calculation of Reasonable Well Spacing Density of Oilfield with Water-Drive Type Curves TAO Zi-qiang 2008, 29 (6):  740-741.  Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (150KB) ( 213 )   Save Water-drive type curves are the popular technique in petroleum engineering. Combining the water-drive type curves with well spacing density formula, this paper offers the correlation expression between well spacing density and recovery factor of oilfield by comparison of different stages and regulation effects along with regress calculation of relevant parameters. Using the given ideal recovery factor, the corresponding reasonable well spacing density can be calculated. The case study indicates that this method is reliable and the results are satisfactory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study on Material Balance Equation for Gas Reservoir with High Content of H2S HU Jing-hong, HE Shun-li, SHANG Xi-tao, LIU Hui, LI Jing 2008, 29 (6):  742-743.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (133KB) ( 204 )   Save The gas reservoir with high content of H2S is a special type of reservoir. Because the material balance equation for conventional gas reservoir takes no account of the sulfur deposition, it is hard to completely describe the production performance of gas reservoir with high content of H2S. Considering the sulfur deposition, in view of different gas types such as constant-volume gas reservoir, closed gas reservoir and water drive gas reservoir, the material balance equation with high content of H2S is deduced and presented in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Change Rules of Existing Phase and Drying Coefficient of Petroliferous Gas in Southern Dongying Sag BAO You-shu 2008, 29 (6):  744-746.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (226KB) ( 231 )   Save The generation characteristics and the primary migration phase of petroliferous gas in soutern Dongying sag are studied. The exsolution conditions and affecting factors of such a gas and the changes of its drying coefficient in secondary migration stage are analyzed. The existing gas phase lies on the components of oil and gas and the pressure and temperature of petroleum system, and can be judged with P-T phase diagram. The dry coefficient of exsoluted gas from oil becomes higher than that before exsolution. Bacteria degradation may accelerate the course of such a exsolution and allows the dry coefficient to be higher. The study shows that the drying coefficient of petroliferous gas generated from the source rocks in southern Dongying sag is relative low (0.45 ～0.70), being primary migration of the oil-soluble phase; during its secondary migration, the exsoluted gas occurs in depth of 1 400 ～1 500 m. So the petroliferous gas reservoirs can only be developed over the depth of 1 400 m, with higher drying coefficient (0.95～1); while below the depth of 1 500 m, the petroliferous gas mainly dissolved in oils, and its drying coefficient lies on the drying coefficient of natural gas primarily generated from source rocks and bacteria degradation degree in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Determination of Effective Stress Coefficient of Permeability Using Maximum-Likelihood Function Approach ZHENG Ling-li, LI Min, XIAO Wen-lian, ZENG Liang 2008, 29 (6):  747-749.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (329KB) ( 345 )   Save The effective stress law for porous media is used extensively in multi-discipline. Numerous investigations on it have been made by previous scholars, and much knowledge about it has been obtained. However, none of universally accepted result is got from it in terms of theory all the time, for accuracy of gained effective stress coefficient is of difference with matched result in core lab. In order to get more accurate the effective stress coefficient , the maximum-likelihood function approach is applied to analysis of the experimental data of permeability from Chelmsford and Barre granite, and to comparison of them with the results obtained by conventional regression matching method and by Bernabe＇s method. The results show that maximum-likelihood function approach is feasible, with higher accuracy than that obtained by conventional regression matching method. Therefore, the effective stress coefficient determined by this approach is of higher value for reference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Technique for High Precision Structural Mapping of Massive Seismic Data in Junggar Basin LEI De-wen, LIU Ji-shan, YAO Jing-chen, JIA Ming-chen, YAO Xin-yu 2008, 29 (6):  750-752.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (439KB) ( 206 )   Save Junggar basin has been explored for a long time. Using a mass of 2D and 3D seismic horizons-interpreted data from the whole basin to make a once mapping is hard to ensure the accuracy of mapping, due to the tremendous quantity of seismic data and the various difficulties of technology. This paper introduces a new method for it. That is, the 2D and 3D seismic horizons and faults interpretation data are output in batches and gridded separately, and then make a merger of grids followed by gridding, thus realizing the fast and effective output of massive data and high- accuracy mapping for the whole basin. This technology not only embodies the structural tendency of 2D work area, but also represents the structural details of 3D work area, being a successful probe in once mapping with basin-scale 2D and 3D massive seismic data. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Methods and Applications of Geochemical Trace for Natural Gas Migration LI Zong-liang, JIANG You-lu 2008, 29 (6):  753-755.  Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (248KB) ( 230 )   Save Many geochemical indices change regularly in the course of natural gas migration. This paper reviews previous researches on geochemical indices of gas migration, by which the gas migration direction of Wen-23 gasfield in Dongpu sag is judged with some indices. The result shows that the coal-formed gas from deep Qianliyuan sub-sagin migrated upward firstly along Wendong fault, then northwestward along Wen-105 fault and Es4 reservoir sands, and finally accumulating into gasfield in structural highs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clay Mineral Analysis and Some Problems of Application in Petroleum Geology ZHAO Xing-yuan, HE Dong-bo 2008, 29 (6):  756-757.  Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (340KB) ( 392 )   Save Clay mineral analysis has been widely applied in the studies of petroleum geology, exploitation, drilling and production engineering. In clay mineral laboratory experiments, it is a systematic procedure from sampling, pretreatment to analysis and identification. Any problem in the procedure will cause error or incorrect understanding of given identified results. This paper illustrates such possible problems and offers corresponding resolves. Taking rock diagenetic stage division and oil threshold determination as examples, this paper reveals the practicable conditions and application limitation using the clay mineral analysis in petroleum geologic study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Generalized S-Transform to Extraction of Seismic Signal Characteristic Information ZHOU Huai-lai, LI Lu-ming 2008, 29 (6):  758-760.  Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (306KB) ( 308 )   Save Based on the good time-frequency focusing of S-transform, this paper introduces the generalized S-transform (GST) into extraction of characteristic information of seismic signals, which can flexibly chose the window function, and systematically studies the application of GST to partial depiction and general description of seismic signals. The theoretic model and actual seismic data prove that GST is a feasible and effective method in extracting the characteristic information for its anti-interference ability. According to research goal, we can reasonably select instantaneous frequency amplitude-spectrum profile, frequency ranges seismic profile and single frequency seismic profile to identify the characteristic information, hence providing the reliable basis for the further processing and interpretation of seismic data. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Fisher Discrimination to Volcanic Lithologic Identification—An example from Hongshanzui oilfield, Junggar basin ZHANG Jia-zheng, GUAN Quan-sheng, TAN Ji-qiang, YANG Zhi-dong, ZHANG Yuan-zhi, GENG Mei 2008, 29 (6):  761-764.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (405KB) ( 183 )   Save Lithologic identification is fundamental technology in volcanic reservoir research. Fisher discrimination can be used to represent multiple variances differences into several functions, with algorithm stability, massive information, high accuracy and convenient application, so generally applied to volcanic lithologic identification researches. Base on petrologic characters of volcanic rocks of Carboniferous in Hongshanzui oilfield of Junggar basin and investigation on log responses of three sub-types and nine kinds of rocks, this paper establishes the identification model of those rocks with high recognition rate using Fisher discrimination. Application of this result to 46 wells with regular logging data for lithologic identification is made, laying a foundation for evaluation of difficult-recovery reserves of such a volcanic reservoir in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of FMI Imaging Logging to Interpretation of Sedimentary Facies in Lijin Sub-Sag WU Hong-xia, XIE Yun, QIU Yi-gang 2008, 29 (6):  765-767.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (458KB) ( 230 )   Save This paper introduces application of Schlumberger FMI imaging logging data to analysis of slump turbidite fans of sedimentary faces in slope belt of northern Lijin sub-sag, Dongying depression, Shengli oilfield. Integrated the mud logging with FMI imaging logging data, the lithology and typical sedimentary structures such as scour surface, convoluted structure, loaded structure, ball-and-pillow structure, water-escape structure，floating gravel and laniated chipping are identified. Also, the Bouma sequences of ABC, ABCD, AC and CD segments developed in Well Xinlishen-1 and Well Lishen-101 are studied. The changing trend of slump turbidite fans in vertical direction is analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Multifactor Origin of Crude Oil and Natural Gas GUO Zhan-qian 2008, 29 (6):  768-774.  Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (407KB) ( 333 )   Save In 1763, Russian scientist Lomennosov proposed the "dualism" hypothesis of "organic origin" and "inorganic origin" for crude oil and natural gas. Nowadays, the scientific and technological development has come into new era of multidisciplinay intercrossing or interpenetration. By means of idea of "One or the other" for cognition of objective things in generation and development, it is obviously inadequate or inadaptable. China is one of the earliest countries discovering and utilizing crude oil and natural gas in the world. The sustained development in China's oil and gas resources needs new petroleum geologic theory suitable for Chinese geologic characteristics. In view of life genesis, "life matter" is also originated from "the pitch synthesized by inorganic substance". The petroleum hypothesis of organic or inorganic origins expounds the substance evolution and process in different stages. According to analysis of Chinese geologic characteristics, there should be multiple genetic mechanisms and/or models for hydrocarbon generation. The peculiar style of oil-gas bearing basins in China belongs to active volcanic events, from which the multiple mechanisms for hydrocarbon generation appear in form of several models such as organic hydrocarbon-generating model and catalyzing hydrocarbon-generating model; inorganic hydrocarbongenerating mechanism as well as regenerative synthesis mechanism for hydrocarbon generation that are all contributed by the volcanic events. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Progress in Oil-Gas Migration Researches AN Zuo-xiang, MA Ji, PANG Qi-wei 2008, 29 (6):  775-777.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (150KB) ( 244 )   Save The first person who proposed the concept of petroleum migration is Chinese great scientist Shen Kuo in North Song Dynasty. With the development of science and technology, the study on petroleum migration has been developing unceasingly. Firstly, the fluorescent thin-section technology is in application, which allows primary petroleum migration state to be observed by people. Secondly, the authigenic mineral hydrocarbon inclusion technology is in application, which makes hydrocarbon phase state during secondary petroleum migration have been figured out and more and more clear and reliable. Thirdly, the oil-oil and oil-rock organic geochemical index correlation technology is in application for macroscopic prediction of direction of oil-gas migration. The re-migration of petroleum is beyond doubt in petroliferous basins at home and abroad, for instance, Jurassic oil reservoir of Karamay oilfield in Junggar basin, Chuandong (eastern Sichuan) Carboniferous and Chuannan (southern Sichuan) Permian gas pools in Sichuan basin; foreign Cenozoic oil reservoir in Zagluos basin, all of which have been explained scientifically. Based on such three-division petroleum migration, this paper presents more complete definition about the petroleum migration process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Sedimentary Response to the Tectonism in Foreland Basin LIU Kang, QU Guo-sheng, XU Hua-ming 2008, 29 (6):  778-781.  Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (442KB) ( 945 )   Save There are excellent coupling between foreland basin and orogenic belt. Study shows that thrust tectonic events could produce profound influences to basinal accommodation, hence control the basinal fillings and the stratigraphic superposed forms. There are two stages during the development of foreland basin. The first stage is closely interrelated with the subsidence caused by loading emplacement, and the second stage appears the erosion phase of the trust belt which may cause the continued sedimentation. The different depositional sequences reflect the different tectonic events which are the sedimentary responses of different tectonic movements. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Acid Sensitivity Standards: Defects Analysis LIU Hong-xian, ZHAO Li-qiang, CHEN Ji-mei, LIU Ping-li 2008, 29 (6):  782-784.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (188KB) ( 329 )   Save The reservoir of Chang-6 formation in Ansai oilfield has high content of acid sensitive minerals. The result of acid sensitivity evaluation shows that it belongs to medium-weak acid sensitivity. So for a long time acid treatment was considered to have no feasibility. On the basis of the abundant experimental studies, the organic acidizing field test is performed, obtaining a good result of stimulation. This proves that the acid treatment is feasible in this reservoir. This paper analyzes the defects in acid sensitivity standards from the rock/ acid reaction mechanism and experimental methods and points out existing results from acid sensitivity evaluations cannot be as the judged bases for performing acid treatment in this reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Effect of Economic Factors on SEC Reserve Evaluation CHENG Xiao-zhen, WANG Liang, WEI Hao-yuan, YU Xing-feng 2008, 29 (6):  785-787.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (244KB) ( 191 )   Save With the foundation and improvement of market economy in China, particularly, since CNPC coming into the stock market, the reserve conception is changing from geologic reserve to remaining economic recoverable reserve. The most important thing is to emphasize the effect of economic factors on reserve evaluation. This paper, based on some cases, analyzes the effect of economic factors such as oil prize, cost, tax and investment on reserve evaluation during the process of reserve evaluation according to the SEC criterion. It is concluded that oil prize is the most effective factor on the evaluation results, the cost and the tax are in the next place. References | Related Articles | Metrics