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    01 January 2019, Volume 38 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Sedimentary Sequences of Glutenite on the Steep Slope in Northern Guojuzi Subsag of Chezhen Sag, Jiyang Depression
    WANG Yanzhang1, LIU Yali2, ZHU Yongfeng3, CAO Xiaoli4, GAO Fei5
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170601
    Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (300KB) ( 145 )   Save
    Regarding the characteristics of multiple provenances, rapid sedimentation rate, large sedimentary thickness and multi-stage superposition of the glutenite fans on the the steep slope in northern Guojuzi subsag of Chezhen sag, Jiyang depression, and based on the analysis of core and FMI logging images and optimization of classification methods for various sedimentary sequences, a comprehensive classification method for glutenite sedimentary sequences is presented. Firstly, core and FMI image are used to classify the glutenite sedimentary sequence and calibrate the relationship between lithology and electrical property; then methods of shale interlayer identification, curve recombination constrained by seismic data and reflection coefficient calculated with logging curve and diplog data are applied to classify sedimentary sequence. Finally, seismic time-frequency analysis and wavelet transform method are used to verify and replenish the comprehensive classification. Using the above method, Sha-1 member on the steep slope of northern Guojuzi subsag can be divided into 3 sedimentary sequences, Sha-2 member into 4 sedimentary sequences, the middle and lower sections of Sha-3 member can be classified into 12 sedimentary sequences and Sha-4 member into 5 sedimentary sequences.
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    Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation with Cretaceous Cycle Structure Method in Yakela Gas Reservoirs, Tarim Basin
    LI Zongyu, REN Hong, LIU Fang, XIAO Hong
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170602
    Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (300KB) ( 219 )   Save
    Cretaceous condensate gas reservoirs in Yakela condensate gas field are seriously flooded at the middle-late production stages and it is difficult to stabilize the production. To improve the recovery factor and enhance the remaining oil potential of the gas field, in-depth study on the gas reservoirs and detailed stratigraphic correlation are needed to be done. Based on the integrated study of sand body genesis, stratigraphic sequence isochronous correlation and sedimentary facies (microfacies), taking internal structure, cycle superimposition and cycle combination of sedimentary cycles as breakthrough, ultra-micro cycle interfaces are identified, detailed stratigraphic classification and correlation are carried out, the distribution and blocking properties of interlayers are studied and 5 patterns of remaining oil distribution are established to further optimize development layer series through establishing a relationship among core, conventional logging and saturation logging data. The method can solve the problems of diachronism, sandstone to sandstone & shale to shale, and equal thickness split and so on, which is much closer to the actual underground situation and has popularized significance in the development of clastic reservoirs.
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    Horizon Classification of Red-Brown Sandy Mudstone Interval in Middle Jurassic on the Southern Slope of Mosuowan Swell
    SONG Yong1,2, HOU Gangfu3, SONG Mingxing2, JIA Kaifu2, WANG Shili2, LI Yongguang2, WANG Feng2
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170603
    Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (300KB) ( 206 )   Save
    Oil and gas shows are active in the red-brown sandy mudstone interval under the unconformity surface between Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the southern slope of Mosuowan swell. High-yield commercial oil flow has been gained from several wells drilled by Sinopec in the sandy mudstone interval and then Yongjin oilfield has been discovered. However, the classification of horizon of the interval has always been controversial. On the basis of the latest 2D seismic data and combining with well logging-seismic calibration, the paper performs 2D & 3D merging detailed seismic geological interpretation in the study area. Combined with the comparative analysis of core and microscopic features under microscope, it is considered that the red-brown sandy mudstone interval which is widely distributed at the top of Jurassic in Mosuowan swell should be classified into the Middle Jurassic Toutunhe formation. The re-classification of the horizon identifies that the major target zone in the study area is the Toutunhe formation which has favorable conditions for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation, and indicates further exploration direction on the southern slope of Mosuowan swell.
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    Organic Matter Enrichment and Hydrocarbon Source Rock FormingMechanism in Small-Scale Faulted Lacustrine Basins:A Case from the Frist Member of Lower Cretaceous Tenger Formation in Erlian Basin
    DING Xiujian1, LIU Guangdi2, ZHAO Longmei3, GAO Dengkuan4, ZHANG Kai5, KUANG Daqing6
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170604
    Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (300KB) ( 196 )   Save
    To recognize forming mechanism of source rocks in small-scale faulted lacustrine basins, the paper studies formation, distribution and geochemical characteristics of source rocks, and establishes 3 source rock formation patterns in small-scale faulted lacustrine basins by integrating the influences of organic matter supply, preservation and dilution on source rock forming. In a lacustrine basin with active boundary fault and high depositional rate, organic matter supply is sufficient but its preservation condition is poor, the source rock is mainly constrained by the organic matter supply and is mainly developed in deep depressions with abundant organic matter supply; in a lacustrine basin with inactive boundary fault and low depositional rate, the organic matter supply is of small quantity and its preservation condition is good, the source rock is mainly controlled by organic matter preservation conditions and is mostly distributed in gentle slopes with high reduction degree; in a lacustrine basin with moderate-active boundary fault and moderate depositional rate, the organic matter supply is of large quantity and its preservation condition is relatively good, the source rock is controlled by depositional rate, organic matter supply and preservation, and is developed in both deep depressions and near-depression gentle slopes.
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    Conditions of Oil and Gas Accumulation in Qingshuihe Formation of Shinan Area, Junggar Basin
    QU Jianhua1, WU Tao1, FEI Liying1, ZENG Delong1, ZHOU Liping2, LIU Zhenyu1
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170605
    Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (300KB) ( 51 )   Save
    In order to expand the prospecting achievements in Cretaceous strata of Shinan area in Junggar basin, stratigraphical classification and hydrocarbon accumulation condition analysis are re-performed for Qingshuihe formation by the comprehensive use of seismic forward modeling, seismic inversion and seismic attribute etc. Both sedimentary cycle and logging curve are used to determine the marker bed, based on which a unified framework of the whole area is established through the integration of well logs and seismic data, and the ancient landform during the deposition of the first member of Qingshuihe formation is characterized. Gullies developed in Shinan area control the distribution of sedimentary facies and good-quality reservoirs are found in the down-incised scour channels. Reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection can prove that good-quality reservoir with a floor is the first condition for oil and gas accumulation and oil-bearing sandbody is the favorable target for drilling. Multiple favorable targets are determined by using density inversion and seismic attribute fusion methods, which reveals the good oil and gas exploration prospects in the area.
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    Controls of Faulted Salient on the Volcanic Reservoir in Jinlong Oilfield, Junggar Basin
    ZHAO Fei1, LI Jingjing2, HAN Bao2, LI Wei2, ZHANG Qin3
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170606
    Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (300KB) ( 92 )   Save
    The ancient landform of “faulted salient” in Jiamuhe formation of eastern slope of Zhongguai swell in the northwestern margin of Junggar basin has several controlling effects on the development characteristics of the volcanic reservoir in Jiamuhe formation of Jinlong oilfield. Using the data of core, drilling, logging, seismic, thin section and physical properties, the paper comprehensively analyzes the controls of the faulted salient on lithology, lithofacies, favorable reservoir, trap and reservoir distribution of the volcanic rocks in Jiamuhe formation, providing scientific basis for volcanic reservoir prediction and exploration. The lithology of the volcanic reservoir in the study area can be divided into 4 categories such as volcanic lava, pyroclastic lava, pyroclastic rock and sedimentary pyroclastic rock. Controlled by the faulted salient, volcanism weakens but sedimentation enhances from west to east, resulting in the sedimentary facies transition from crater facies, explosive facies and effusive facies to volcanic sedimentary facies. Lithology, lithofacies, structural fracture and weathering and leaching constrained by the faulted salient are the main controlling factors. The best-quality reservoir in the study area is distributed on the high position of the faulted salient. The forming of the faulted salient can directly control trap patterns such as faulted-block trap, faulted-nose trap and lithological pinchout trap in the eastern part of the faulted salient, and reservoir distributions.
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    Recognition of the Reservoir in Well Shinan-21 of the Hinterland, Junggar Basin
    ZHU Feng1, QU Jianhua2, Yu Baoli1, DENG Yong1, LIU Yahui1, SONG Mingxing2
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170607
    Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (300KB) ( 89 )   Save
    There is no significant follow-up breakthrough of exploration after the large scaled discovery has been gained in the Middle Jurassic Toutunhe formation of Well Shinan-21 in the hinterland of Junggar basin. Through the re-analysis on the reservoir of Toutunhe formation in Well Shinan-21, it is considered that transporting fault and lithology are 2 key factors constraining oil and gas exploration. Based on the detailed interpretation of newly-deployed high-precision 3D seismic data, the paper performs fine study of transporting fault and lithological targes and basically determines the distribution of 2 groups of transporting faults of 2 periods. Multiple periods of slope-break belts are discovered along the two flanks of Jidong swell and mudstone barrier is present in the up-dipping direction of the slope-break belts. Reservoirs formed in and separated by the underwater distributary channels. Controlled by the slope-break belts of 3 periods, multi-period overlapped sandbodies are developed in the eastern flank and match well with faults, resulting in large scale exploration in the future. The detailed characterization of lithological targets is carried out to provide basis for next drilling target determination.
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    Depositional Characteristics and Models of Braided River Delta in Badaowan Formation of Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
    HOU Gangfu1, WU Aicheng2, ZOU Zhiwen1, YOU Xincai2, XU Yang1, GUO Huajun1
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170608
    Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (300KB) ( 442 )   Save
    The tectonic environment of Mahu sag in Junggar basin was relatively stable in Badaowan stage of Early Jurassic, during which grooves and slopes were developed and the sediment supply was sufficient, providing conditions for development of braided rive delta. The sediments of the braided river delta that are characterized by coarse grain, low maturity, developed tractive-current depositional structure, incision and superimposition of multi-stage underwater distributary channel vertically and normal cycle of sedimentary sequence and so on, can be divided into 2 subfacies such as braided-river delta plain and braided-river delta front. On the plane, different slope gradients in different areas result in the differences of sizes of braided river deltas whose sizes are relatively large in steep slopes and relative small in gentle slopes. Vertically, different subfacies associations and sandbody configuration were developed at different stages of lake level rising. Braided-river delta plain was mainly found at the early stage of lake level rising; braided-river delta front was the dominant subfacies at the middle stage of lake level rising; mud-coated sand type of braided-river delta front was developed at the late stage of lake level rising.
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    Controlling Factors and Model of Mixed Deposits of Lucaogou Formation on the Periphery of Bogda Mountain
    WANG Yue1,2, ZHANG Kuihua1, LIN Huixi1, CHEN Shiyue3, ZHANG Guanlong1, WANG Yuxin1
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170609
    Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (300KB) ( 224 )   Save
    Researches on core, outcrop observation and thin section identification show that near-shore underwater fan and lacustrine deposits are mainly found in the Middle Permian Lucaogou formation on the periphery of Bogda Mountain, and mixed deposits are mainly distributed in the margin of the near-shore underwater fan and semi-deep—deep lakes. 2 kinds of mixed depositional sequences that consist of conglomerate, sandstone, intraclast limestone and mudstone, and conglomerate, conglomeratic micrite and mudstone, respectively are developed in the margin of the near-shore underwater fan; the other two mixed depositional sequences that consist of limy siltstone and mudstone, and mudstone, micritic dolomite and micrite, respectively are developed in semi-deep—deep lakes. Sr/Cu ratio indicates that the depositional stage of Lucaogou formation in the study area was dominated by tropical and dry climate with intermittent warm and humid climate, the alternation of the 2 climates was the root cause of the wide development of the mixed rocks and mixed sequences. Tectonic movement controls the properties of the basin in the study area, which influences the type and characteristics of the mixed sedimentary facies in Lucaogou formation, and the rise and fall of lake level and the supply of sediment sources further control the mixing of terrigenous clastics with carbonate components. On the basis of the study on the characteristics and the controls on the mixed deposits and combining the characteristics of rock, rock assemblage and sedimentary structures, the paper establishes a model of the mixed deposits of Lucaogou formation.
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    Comprehensive Evaluation of Fractures in Volcanic Reservoirs of Zhongguai Swell,Junggar Basin
    FAN Cunhui1, DUN Yahang1, ZHANG Wei2, LI Lianqing1, DENG Yi2, LI Zhi1
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170610
    Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (300KB) ( 169 )   Save
    Fractures are developed in the Carboniferous volcanic reservoir of Zhongguai swell in the northwestern margin of Junggar basin. To identify fracture distribution and its influence on hydrocarnon migration and accumulation, the paper studies fracture characteristics and their controlling factors based on the data of core, thin section, logging and lab analysis, and performs comprehensive fracture evaluation by using logging technology, rock failure degree theory and seismic detection. The study shows that the Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in Zhongguai swell is dominated by high-angle structural shear fractures and vertical fractures, both of which are mostly semi-filling or unfilling. The degree of the fracture dvelopment is mainly controlled by lithology, structure location and weathering and leaching, whose azimuth mainly exhibits near EW, NW-SE,NE-SWand SN directions. The fractures in the volcanic reservoir are mainly distributed in the center and eastern slope Zhongguai swell, and District Wuba. Finally, combining hydrocarbon accumulation rules in the volcanic reservoir with the actual exploration, the paper indicates that the middle part of Zhongguai swell and District Wuba should be the favorable target areas for next exploration.
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    Storm Deposit and Its Significance of Duoquanshan Formation in Dameigou Area, Qaidam Basin
    FENG Qiao1, TIAN Fangzheng1, ZOU Kaizhen2, XU Zisu1, ZHANG Yao1, QIN Yu3
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170611
    Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (300KB) ( 159 )   Save
    A series of brecciaous limestone sedimentary assemblages are developed in the Duoquanshan formation of Dameigou area, Qaidam basin. The assemblages show characteristics of storm deposits macroscopically and microscopically and belong to tempestite resulted from storm action. The storm sedimentary structures in the area mainly include basal erosion structure, coarse-grain lag deposit, hummocky bedding, parallel bedding and horizontal bedding. Observed under microscope, bioclasts and sand cuttings commonly mix with each other in the tempestite which is characterized by secondary pores and stylolite. Based on the different sedimentary sequence assemblages, the storm deposits in the study area are classified into in-situ storm deposit, near-source storm deposit and distal storm deposit, and corresponding sedimentary environment patterns are established. The discovery of the storm deposits indicates that the study area lied in a low-latitude neritic margin-slope environment during the Early Ordovician, which provides geological evidence for the studies on paleo-latitude and plate evolution and has great significance in paleogeography restoration and petroleum exploration and development.
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    Origin, Migration and Distribution of Oil in Strike-Slip Fault Zone of Liaozhong Sag
    WANG Jun, WU Kui, FAN Jianhua, WANG Wei, JIN Xiaoyan
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170612
    Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (300KB) ( 210 )   Save
    Most of the discovered oil reserves in the Bohai Bay basin concentrate in Tan-Lu strike-slip fault zone, but the hydrocarbon origin and its distribution vary significantly in different oilfields. Therefore, it is significant to study hydrocarbon migration in the strike-slip fault zone. Based on the research of development stages, stress characters in derived fractures, and source rocks and reservoirs connected by the derived fractures in Liaozhong-1 strike-slip fault zone of Liaozhong sag, the paper reveals the controls of vertical hydrocarbon migration along fractures on oil genesis and distribution. It is found that the north part of Liaozhong sag is in the early development stage of the strike-slip fracture which has no unified fracture surface and can’t control trap forming, the derived strike-slip fracture only connected with Dongying formation is not very developed and its slip rate is not high, and the oil originates from the source rocks of the third member of Dongying formation and accumulates in the second member of Dongying formation where the oilfield is relatively small; the south and middle parts of Liaozhong sag are in the late development stage of the strike-slip fracture which has a unified fracture surface and can control trap forming, the derived strike-slip fracture connected with Shahejie formation and the overlying strata is widely distributed with the oil originating from the source rocks of Shahejie formation, and the oilfields are relatively large here. Obvious activation of the derived strike-slip fracture in the south part of Liaozhong sag occured during neotectonic period, the derived fracture connected Neogene reservoirs and was active at the late stage, and oil mainly accumulated in the Neogene strata; there was no obvious activation of the derived strike-slip fracture in the middle part of the sag during neotectonic period, the fracture only connected Paleogene strata where oil mainly accumulated.
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    Evaluation of Single Gas Well Production Capacity of Shuang-6 Gas Storage in Liaohe Oilfield
    CHEN Xianxue, WEN Haibo
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170613
    Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (300KB) ( 209 )   Save
    Shuang-6 Gas Storage in Liaohe oilfield is the largest gas cap and oil ring gas storage with edge and bottom water in China and there is no mature experience. Gas production capacity of injection-production wells is the key to peak shaving of the gas storage. Taking Well X as an example, a method suitable for Shuang-6 Gas Storage is established to evaluate gas production capacity of injection-production wells. The critical differential pressure of reservoir sand production is determined through indoor sand production experiment of cores; a binomial productivity equation for injection-production wells is established through systematic well testing; the critical differential pressure of reservoir sand production is substituted into the binomial productivity equation for injection-production wells and gas production capacity that reservoirs can support is obtained. The gas production capacity is constrained according to erosion flow rate in injection-production pipes of different sizes. The comprehensive evaluation results show that in Well X the upper limit of gas production rate that the reservoir can support reaches 282×104 m3/d, but constrained by erosion flow rate, the upper limit of gas production rate is determined as 122×104 m3/d.
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    Optimization of Predicted Recoverable Reserves by Using Water Drive Type Curves
    LI Liangzheng, HAN Jinqiang, CHEN Ju
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170614
    Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (300KB) ( 183 )   Save
    Water drive type curve method is a common method to predict recovery factor and recoverable reserves. The recoverable reserves calculated from various water drive type curves are significantly different from each other. The curves of water cut vs. recovery percent of recoverable reserves predicted by A, B, C and D water drive type curves are mapped, which is further matched with the water cut rising charts corresponding to each water drive type curves. The result with the highest matching precision is chosen as the final result of the water drive type curve method. The actual applications of the method in Ninghai oilfield, Sha-1 member of Pucheng oilfield and Pu I formation in District Nan-2 and Nan-3 prove that good effects can be gained by using the simple and easy method.
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    Influences of Interlayer on Reservoir Thickness for Horizontal Well Allocation in Heavy Oil Reservoirs with Bottom Water: A Case from Qinhuangdao 32-6 Oilfield
    ZHANG Yunlai, ZHANG Jilei, XU Yanan, MIAO Feifei, ZHANG Chi
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170616
    Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (300KB) ( 143 )   Save
    Qinhuangdao 32-6 oilfield is a typical offshore low-amplitude bottom-water heavy oil field. Oil reservoirs with the thickness of less than 10 m account for 22% due to the low amplitude of the oilfield. To produce this kind of reserves efficiently, and based on interlayer logging identification and core analysis, the paper carries out a study on the influences of interlayer on development and well allocation limits of horizontal wells by using numerical simulation method. The study results show that interlayer can effectively block the rapid coning of bottom water when the permeability ratio of interlayer to basement is 0.01; interlayer will allow bottom water to flow around and the producing degree of reserves will reach the maximum when the interlayer area is 2~3 times of oil drainage area in horizontal wells; interlayer will effectively slow down the coning speed of bottom water and meanwhile will enlarge swept volume of water flooding when the interlayer is located in the position with the distance to reservoir top of 3/4 reservoir thickness. Taking cumulative oil production of 5×104 m3 as the lower economic limit for horizontal well allocation, the lower limit of reservoir thickness for horizontal well allocation should be 5 m in offshore low-amplitude heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water. Pilot tests in fields have proved the reliability of the technology, providing technical support for horizontal well allocation in low-amplitude heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.
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    Application of NMR Technology in Pore Structure Evaluation for Low-Permeability and Low-Viscosity Oil Reservoirs
    SUN Zhigang, JIA Lihua, ZHANG Lizhen, SUN Baoquan, ZHANG Yuli
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170617
    Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (300KB) ( 186 )   Save
    Both NMR T2 spectrum and mercury injection analysis of cores can reflect characteristics of pore structure in rocks. A transformation model from T2 spectrum to pore throat radius distribution is established by using non-linear relationship. The average pore throat radius obtained from the transformation model is very close to that obtained from mercury injection analysis, which verifies the validity of the model. Based on the analysis of NMR T2 spectrum of the same low-permeability core which is saturated by oil of different viscosities, a viscosity range suitable for the transformation model from T2 spectrum to pore throat radius distribution is determined. The method overcomes the NMR’s limitation that the technology can only be used for aquifer pore structure evaluation, and realizes pore structure evaluation for oil reservoirs, providing a significant research means and theoretical basis for evaluation and reasonable development of low-permeability and low-viscosity oil reservoirs.
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    Study on Water Holdup Prediction Model for Oil-Water Two-Phase Pipe Flow
    FU Tiantian, LIU Jie, LIAO Ruiquan
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170618
    Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (300KB) ( 166 )   Save
    Taking white oil and water as experimental medium, an oil-water two-phase experiment is carried out to measure water holdup in a transparent glass tube with the length of 9.2 m and inner diameter of 60 mm. The paper analyzes the influences of inlet water cut, mixture flow rate, oil viscosity and tube dip on water holdup, and compares the precision of the results predicted by 4 commonly-used water holdup prediction models, i.e. drift model, slipping model, Nicholas-Witterholt model and standard Taitel model, among which relatively good results can be gained from Nicholas-Witterholt model. Considering the influences of tube dip and inlet water cut and so on, Nicholas-Witterholt model is modified and Nicholas-Witterholt II model is obtained. The experimental data are substituted into Nicholas-Witterholt II model and it is found that the error of the result predicted by the modified model is about 10%, indicating that the modified model has good general applicability.
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    Application of Static and Dynamic Data in Identification of Carbonate Reservoir Type: A Case Study from Ordovician Strata in Jinyue Block of Halahatang Oilfield, Tarim Basin
    DAI Feixu1a, ZHU Baiyu2, DENG Bolong1b, LIU Yuan1c, HAN Yu3, XIAO Hua1a
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170619
    Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (300KB) ( 195 )   Save
    Based on the the static and dynamic data from single wells in Jinyue block and its neighboring areas of Halahatang oilfield, the paper analyzes response characteristics of different reservoir space types on the static and dynamic data comprehensively, presents quantitative and qualitative classification standards, establishes identification templates and analyzes reservoir distribution in the study area. It is considered that compared with fracture-vuggy reservoir, the leakage of drilling fluid in cavernous reservoir is relatively large, showing a non-flowback feature; during acid fracturing, pump pressure drop is large, pump stopping pressure is low, the pressure drop curve is a horizontal line when pump stops and the flowback rate of acid liquid is low. The production test data shows that the tubing pressure is high with high daily liquid yield and slow decline, and sufficient formation energy allows a long oil flowing production period at the early stage. According to cavity assemblage, cavernous reservoir can be divided into 2 types, i.e., single cavity and multi-cavity reservoirs. Multi-cavity reservoir has multiple connected fractures and cavities, its pressure drop vs. cumulative liquid production curve exhibits multisegments of straight lines whose slopes are different; the yield shows a multi-stage decline and the pressure derivative curve shows multiple concave shapes. For single-cavity reservoir, the pressure drop vs. cumulative liquid production curve is a straight line, the tubing pressure and daily oil production reduce with the decline of natural energy and the pressure derivative curve goes upward after radial flow stage.
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    Influences of Oil and Gas Production on In-Situ Stress and Fracture Pressure in Fault-Block Reservoirs
    ZHAO Kai1, ZHAO Wenlong2, SHI Lin2, LI Bo3, GAO Hui1, LIU Shun1
    2017, 38 (6):  1-1.  doi: 10.7657/XJPG20170615
    Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (300KB) ( 224 )   Save
    As the basic parameters needed in reservoir fracturing stimulation, in-situ stress and fracture pressure will change significantly after a long period of production in fault-block reservoirs. According to the elastic mechanics theory for porous media, the paper analyzes the influences of fault-block reservoir pressure depletion on in-situ stress size and direction, based on which the variations of crack initiation and extension are studied. The results show that fault-block reservoir pressure depletion results in inhomogeneous attenuation of in-situ stress, fracture extension pressure declines linearly during fracturing, fracture extension direction deflects rapidly at the early stage of pressure depletion and relatively slowly at the late stage of pressure depletion; reservoir pressure depletion leads to the linear decline of crack initiation pressure in an open hole. The fracture pressure reduction extent in fault-block reservoirs is larger than that in conventional homogeneous reservoirs after the reservoirs are put into production, and the relationship between fracturing feasibility degree and wellbore trajectory in directional wells changes. For fault-block reservoirs, wellbore trajectory should be designed reasonably according to pressure depletion extent to reduce the difficulties of fracturing operation if fracturing stimulation is needed at the late production stage.
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