吐哈盆地北部山前带构造样式及演化特征

doi:10.7657/XJPG20200603

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吐哈盆地北部山前带地质结构复杂,地震资料品质差,油气勘探难度大。为寻求油气勘探新突破,利用地质、地震和钻井资料,对北部山前带构造样式进行重新梳理,通过构造物理模拟实验校正构造解释,建立更合理和准确的构造模型,系统分析该地区构造变形机理及变形规律。研究成果表明,北部山前带发育侏罗系煤层和二叠系泥岩双滑脱层,形成了以叠瓦状构造为主的逆冲推覆构造,垂向上为“入”字型冲断层、突起构造、叠瓦扇构造;滑脱层下面是堆垛状双重构造或叠瓦状双重构造;平面上受2组断层控制,呈南北成排、东西成段分布,由北向南依次为冲断带、逆掩带、逆掩带外缘构造带。研究区中东段推覆体下盘断背斜、断块构造群发育,形态完整,利于油气保存,是侏罗系油气勘探的有利区;逆掩带外缘构造带形态较为完整,是下侏罗统及之下层系油气勘探的潜力区。

关键词: 吐哈盆地, 北部山前带, 构造建模, 构造样式, 双重构造, 构造演化

Abstract:

Complex geological structures and poor quality of seismic data make the northern piedmont belt difficult to be explored in the Turpan-Hami basin. In order to make new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration, geological, seismic and drilling data is used to describe structural styles, conduct structural physical simulation to correct structural interpretation, and establish a more reasonable and accurate structural model to systematically analyze the mechanism and law of the structural deformation in the study area. The results show that double decollement layers (Jurassic coal seam and Permian mudstone) are developed in the northern piedmont belt and thrust nappe structures dominated by imbricated structures form, where zigzag thrust faults, protuberances and imbricated fans can be found vertically. Under the detachment layers, there are double stacked structures or double imbricated structures. In the plane, the piedmont belt is controlled by two groups of faults and the study area is divided into 3 rows of structural belts including thrust belts, overthrust belts and structural belts at the outer edge of the overthrust belts from north to south. The fault anticline and fault-block structural groups in the footwall of the nappe in the middle-east section of the study area are well developed with complete morphology, which are favorable for oil and gas preservation, and are the targets for risk exploration of Jurassic oil and gas. The structural belt at the outer edge of the overthrust belt with relatively complete morphology is a potential target for oil and gas exploration in the Lower Jurassic and its underlying strata.

Key words: Turpan-Hami basin, northern piedmont belt, structural modeling, structural style, double structure, tectonic evolution

中图分类号:

TE121

黄蝶芳, 姜萌蕾, 邵满军, 林霖, 程甜, 李成明, 刘俊田. 吐哈盆地北部山前带构造样式及演化特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020, 41(6): 651-657.

HUANG Diefang, JIANG Menglei, SHAO Manjun, LIN Lin, CHENG Tian, LI Chengming, LIU Juntian. Structural Style and Evolution of Northern Piedmont Belt in Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020, 41(6): 651-657.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 30

[1]	袁明生, 梁世君, 燕列灿, 等. 吐哈盆地油气地质与勘探实践[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2002.
	YUAN Mingsheng, LIANG Shijun, YAN liecan, et al. Petroleum geology and exploration practice in Turpan Hami basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2002.
[2]	张明山, 张进学, 于拥军, 等. 吐哈盆地地质结构和油气聚集规律的新认识[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2002,23(3):189-192.
	ZHANG Mingshan, ZHANG Jinxue, YU Yongjun, et al. New understandings about geological structures and hydrocarbon mode in Turpan-Hami basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2002,23(3):189-192.
[3]	戴小平, 陈治军, 邵春华, 等. 山前带东段油气勘探潜力分析[J]. 吐哈油气, 2006,11(4):312-315.
	DAI Xiaoping, CHEN Zhijun, SHAO Chunhua, et al. Prospecting potential analysis of east part of mountain front[J]. Tuha Oil & Gas, 2006,11(4):312-315.
[4]	陈治军, 孙玉峰, 牟兰昇, 等. 吐哈盆地北部山前带致密砂岩气藏控藏要素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2011,32(2):130-132.
	CHEN Zhijun, SUN Yufeng, MOU Lansheng, et al. Key control factors of tight sandstone gas reservoir of piedmont in northern Tuha basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2011,32(2):130-132.
[5]	代瑜, 李树新, 贾晓娟, 等. 吐哈盆地鄯勒地区构造样式探讨[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2005,40(增刊1):29-32.
	DAI Yu, LI Shuxin, JIA Xiaojuan, et al. Study on structural style of Shanle area in Turpan Hami basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2005,40(Supp.1):29-32.
[6]	杨克绳. 从地震信息看吐哈盆地构造特征与油气勘探[J]. 海相油气地质, 2001,6(1):7-18.
	YANG Kesheng. Structural characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration in Turpan Hami basin from seismic information[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2001,6(1):7-18.
[7]	卢苗安. 天山东段盆山构造格局的多期演变[D]. 北京:中国地震局地质研究所, 2007.
	LU Miaoan. Multistage evolution of the basin-and-range structure of the eastern section of the Tienshan mountains[D]. Beijing:Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, 2007.
[8]	魏红兴. 博格达山南缘构造特征及其形成演化[D]. 西安:西北大学, 2007.
	WEI Hongxing. The structural characteristics and evolution of orogenic belt in southern Bogda[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University, 2007.
[9]	郭威. 新疆博格达山及其邻区板内构造作用研究[D]. 西安:西北大学, 2008.
	GUO Wei. Intraplate tectonics of Bogda mountain in Xinjiang and its adjacent plates[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University, 2008.
[10]	刘云冬, 邓勇, 王志江, 等. 吐哈盆地北部山前带西段地质结构分析与油气远景预测[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2008,22(4):27-28.
	LIU Yundong, DENG Yong, WANG Zhijiang, et al. Analysis on geologic framework and hydrocarbon potential prediction of west mountain front in northern Tuha basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2008,22(4):27-28.
[11]	李在光, 陈启林, 吕锡敏, 等. 吐哈盆地北部山前带石油地质条件及勘探方向[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2009,21(3):29-34.
	LI Zaiguang, CHEN Qilin, LV Ximin, et al. Petroleum geological condition and exploration direction in north piedmont zone of Tuha basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2009,21(3):29-34.
[12]	贾国强, 陈治军, 郑玉萍, 等. 吐哈盆地北部山前带柯柯亚地区构造研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2010,22(3):154-156.
	JIA Guoqiang, CHEN Zhijun, ZHENG Yuping, et al. The structure research of Kekeya region in mountain front of northern Turpan-Hami basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2010,22(3):154-156.
[13]	苏勤, 李海亮, 吕彬, 等. 吐哈盆地北部山前带巴喀三维叠前地震成像处理解释技术研究及应用[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2011,16(增刊1):29-40.
	SU Qin, LI Hailiang, LV Bin, et al. 3D prestack seismic imaging in baka area of northern Turpan-Hami basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011,16(Supp.1):29-40.
[14]	柳波, 黄志龙, 涂小仙, 等. 吐哈盆地台北凹陷北部山前带构造样式与油气成藏[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011,38(2):152-158. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60023-2
	LIU Bo, HUANG Zhilong, TU Xiaoxian, et al. Structural style and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northern piedmont belt in the Taibei sag,Turpan-Hami basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011,38(2):152-158.
[15]	孙博, 张旭峰, 石楠. 构造建模技术在吐哈盆地北部山前带东段构造落实中的应用[J]. 石化技术, 2016,23(11):148-149.
	SUN Bo, ZHANG Xufeng, SHI Nan. Application of structure modeling techniques in the piedmont zone of northern formation in Turpan-Hami basin[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2016,23(11):148-149.
[16]	杨占龙, 吴青鹏, 黄云峰, 等. 吐哈盆地北部逆冲构造带油气成藏模式与勘探方向[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016,27(6):974-981. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.06.0974
	YANG Zhanlong, WU Qingpeng, HUANG Yunfeng, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration domain of northern thrust belts in Turpan-Kumul basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016,27(6):974-981.
[17]	孙国智, 柳益群. 新疆博格达山隆升时间初步分析[J]. 沉积学报, 2009,27(3):487-493.
	SUN Guozhi, LIU Yiqun. The preliminary analysis of the uplift time of Bogda mountain,Xinjiang,northwest China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009,27(3):487-493.
[18]	张进学. 吐哈盆地北部山前带西段地震资料解释及目标研究[D]. 山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东), 2008.
	ZHANG Jinxue. Research on seismic data interpretation and exploration goal at west of north piedmont in the Turpan-Hami basin[D]. Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum(East China), 2008.
[19]	李文厚, 周立发, 柳益群, 等. 吐哈盆地沉积格局与沉积环境的演变[J]. 新疆石油地质, 1997,18(2):135-141.
	LI Wenhou, ZHOU Lifa, LIU Yiqun, et al. Evolution of sendimentary framework and enviroment of Turpan-Hami basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1997,18(2):135-141.
[20]	方成名. 中西部典型山前带冲断结构模式与油气分布[D]. 武汉:中国地质大学, 2018.
	FANG Chengming. Study on the pattern of thrust structure and oil & gas distribution in the typical piedmont thrust belt in the central and western China[D]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences, 2018.
[21]	薛良清, 张光亚, 赵孟军, 等. 中国中西部前陆盆地油气地质与勘探[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2005.
	XUE Liangqing, ZHANG Guangya, ZHAO Mengjun, et al. Petroleum geology and exploration of foreland basins in central and western China[M]. Beijing: Geological Press, 2005.
[22]	王清华. 南天山南缘中西段构造变形特征与控制因素[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2007.
	WANG Qinghua. Characteristics of structural deformation and its controlling factors of central and western segment in the front of the south Tian Shan[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2007.
[23]	温声明, 王贵重, 程明华, 等. 南天山山前冲断带的构造样式及成因探讨[J]. 新疆地质, 2006,24(1):24-29.
	WEN Shengming, WANG Guizhong, CHENG Minghua, et al. Discussion about the tectonic styles and the cause of formation of the structures in the precordillera thrust belt of southern Tian Shan moutain[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 2006,24(1):24-29.
[24]	王志维. 准噶尔盆地北缘山前带构造事件与热演化史研究[D]. 西安:西北大学, 2009.
	WANG Zhiwei. Research on the tectonic event and thermal evolution history of piedmont zone in northen margin of Junggar basin[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University, 2009.
[25]	曹远志. 库车坳陷东段山前带构造特征[D]. 西安:西北大学, 2009.
	CAO Yuanzhi. Structural characteristics of piedmont zone in the east section of Kuqa depression[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University, 2009.
[26]	周翼, 王乃建, 彭更新, 等. 前陆冲断带超深复杂构造山地地震勘探技术[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2017.
	ZHOU Yi, WANG Naijian, PENG Gengxin, et al. Mountain seismic exploration technology of ultra deep complex structure in foreland thrust belt[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2017.
[27]	侯贵廷, 孙帅, 郑淳方, 等. 克拉苏构造带克深区段盐下构造样式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2019,40(1):21-26.
	HOU Guiting, SUN Shuai, ZHENG Chunfang, et al. Subsalt structural styles of Keshen section in Kelasu tectonic belt[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019,40(1):21-26.
[28]	邵雨, 陈伟, 张伯友. 断层相关褶皱理论在准噶尔盆地南缘山前带构造研究的应用[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2005,27(1):26-29.
	SHAO Yu, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Boyou. Application of the geometry of fault-related folding to the southern Junggar basin[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2005,27(1):26-29.
[29]	周锋. 准噶尔盆地南缘断裂与褶皱体系研究[J]. 中国西部油气地质, 2006,2(3):281-285.
	ZHOU Feng. Study of the fault and fold system in southern margin of Junggar basin[J]. West China Petroleum Geosciences, 2006,2(3):281-285.
[30]	李学义, 王兵, 陈杨. 准噶尔盆地南缘山前断褶带断裂模式和控油作用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2006,27(3):285-287.
	LI Xueyi, WANG Bing, CHEN Yang. The fracture patterns and oil-controlled process in piedmont bruchfalten zone,southern margin of Junggar basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2006,27(3):285-287.