Abstract: The Indosinian structures exert important controls on the structural deformation in the late stages and sedimentation during Jurassic to Cretaceous in the piedmont of the western Kunlun Mountains in the southwestern margin of Tarim basin. It is very difficult to identify the structural features during Indosinian period in the study area due to the strong reworking since Cenozoic. The middle segment of the western Kunlun Mountains where the tectonic activity was relatively weak is selected to be the study object. Based on the comprehensive study on field outcrop, drilling and seismic data, fold thrust belts were developed in the piedmont of the western Kunlun Mountains and a series of thrust faults and the anticlines with steep north and east flanks and gentle south and west flanks were formed, which may be related to the N-NE compression resulted from the continental collision between the Late Triassic Tarim plate and Qiangtang terrane. These Indosinian structures were reactivated due to the compression during the Late Himalayan movement, resulting in the superimpositions of the anticlines of two periods and the coincidence of structural highs. Therefore, the structural framework during the Indosinian movement significantly constrained the structural deformation during the Late Himalayan movement. The paleostructure during the Indosinian period laid a foundation for the paleotopographic framework of Mesozoic and played an important control action on the sedimentation during Jurassic to Cretaceous. The NW-SE trending paleohigh controlled by deep-burial thrust faults during Indosinian is the main factor resulting in the differences in distribution and physical properties of Cretaceous reservoir