天山南北前陆盆地侏罗系—白垩系沉积及储集层特征对比

doi:10.7657/XJPG20200110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过库车坳陷与准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系—白垩系厚度、岩性组合和沉积相对比分析,认为由于早白垩世之前天山南部古地势高于北部,使得库车坳陷与准噶尔盆地南缘在以上3方面存在明显差异,进而明确了库车坳陷侏罗系各组厚度均小于准噶尔盆地南缘,以及早侏罗世沉积环境存在显著差异的成因机制。晚侏罗世—早白垩世,天山南北古气候、构造古地理和古地形的差异,以及晚白垩世末期构造隆升与剥蚀作用,造成了库车坳陷与准噶尔盆地南缘白垩系沉积环境和厚度的差异,也造成了两者的储集层碎屑组分、埋藏方式、裂缝发育程度等方面的差异。在进一步厘定准噶尔盆地南缘深层岩相古地理特征和有利砂体展布范围的基础上,梳理天山南北前陆盆地深层储集层特征和控制因素的差异,认为勘探程度较低的准噶尔盆地南缘深层储集层受沉积相、地温梯度、埋藏方式、异常高压、次生溶蚀作用、构造缝等控制,指出了准噶尔盆地南缘深层有利储集层分布区。

关键词: 天山南北, 前陆盆地, 库车坳陷, 准噶尔盆地, 侏罗系, 白垩系, 沉积相, 有利储集层, 储集层特征

Abstract:

Based on the comparative analysis of the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in Kuqa depression and the southern margin of Junggar basin, it is considered that the paleotopography in the southern Tianshan was higher than that in the northern Tianshan before the Early Cretaceous, which is the main reason causing the significant differences in the thickness, lithologic association and sedimentary facies in the 2 areas. Furthermore, it is identified that each Jurassic formation in Kuqa depression is thinner than that in the southern margin of Junggar basin and the genetic mechanism of different sedimentary environments in the Early Jurassic is determined. From the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the differences in ancient climate, tectono-paleogeography and topography, and the structural uplifting and denudation at the end of Late Cretaceous resulted in the differences in sedimentary environment and thickness, clastic component, burial mode and fracture development degree in the 2 areas. On the basis of further determination of the lithofacies palaeogeography characteristics and favorable sandbody distribution in the deep strata of the southern margin, the paper analyzes the differences in reservoir and its controlling factors between the foreland basins in the southern and northern Tianshan Mountains, concludes that the deep reservoirs in the southern margin with relatively low exploration degree are controlled by sedimentary facies, geothermal gradient, burial mode, abnormal high pressure, secondary dissolution and tectonic fracture, and points out the favorable areas for reservoir distribution in the deep strata of the southern margin of Junggar basin.

Key words: southern and northern Tianshan Mountains, foreland basin, Kuqa depression, Junggar basin, Jurassic, Cretaceous, sedimentary facies, favorable reservoir, reservoir feature

中图分类号:

TE112.221

高志勇, 冯佳睿, 崔京钢, 周川闽, 石雨昕. 天山南北前陆盆地侏罗系—白垩系沉积及储集层特征对比[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020, 41(1): 80-92.

GAO Zhiyong, FENG Jiarui, CUI Jinggang, ZHOU Chuanmin, SHI Yuxin. Comparative Analysis on Sedimentary and Reservoir Characteristics of Jurassic to Cretaceous Between Foreland Basins in Southern and Northern Tianshan Mountains[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020, 41(1): 80-92.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

库车坳陷与准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系—白垩系厚度、岩性组合和沉积特征对比（据文献[4],[7],[17]—[19]修改）"

统	库车坳陷					准噶尔盆地南缘
统	组	厚度/m	岩性组合	沉积相	剖面	组	厚度/m	岩性组合	沉积相	剖面
上白垩统						东沟组	102	下部紫红色、棕黄色细—中砾岩,中部灰白色、棕红色砾岩,上部紫色细—中砾岩	冲积扇、辫状河	雀儿沟剖面
下白垩统	巴什基奇克组	224~236	上部粉红色厚层块状细—中砂岩夹含砾砂岩,下部紫灰色块状砾岩	冲积扇、季节性河流、三角洲	库车河剖面、卡普沙良河剖面	连木沁组	250~450	灰绿色砂岩、粉砂岩与红褐色、紫红色泥岩互层	三角洲、滨浅湖	雀儿沟剖面
	巴西改组	163~490	黄灰色、桔红色厚层块状粉—细砂岩、粗砂岩夹泥岩	季节性河流、三角洲	库车河剖面、阿瓦特河剖面	胜金口组	40~80	深灰色、灰绿色泥页岩,砂质泥岩夹粉—细砂岩	三角洲、滨浅湖、半深湖	雀儿沟剖面
	舒善河组	694~1 099	紫红色、灰紫色粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩夹灰绿色、黄绿色粉砂岩、细砂岩	滨浅湖	库车河剖面、卡普沙良河剖面	呼图壁河组	400~600	下部紫红色、绿灰色泥岩、粉—细砂岩与灰色粉砂质泥岩互层,上部紫红色粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩	三角洲平原—前缘、滨浅湖	雀儿沟剖面
	亚格列木组	60~243	浅紫灰色砾岩夹细—中砂岩,灰紫色、灰绿色薄—中层细—中层砂岩、粉砂岩	季节性河流、扇三角洲平原	库车河剖面、卡普沙良河剖面	清水河组	200~400	底部灰绿色细—中砾岩,中上部灰绿色、黄绿色泥质粉砂岩与细砂岩互层,夹褐色、紫红色泥质砂岩条带	扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖	雀儿沟剖面
上侏罗统	喀拉扎组	16~63	褐红色薄—厚层含钙质砂岩、砾岩夹黄红色、紫红色中—厚层泥质粉砂岩	扇三角洲平原— 前缘	库车河剖面、卡普沙良河剖面	喀拉扎组	65~300	橙红色、褐红色中—粗砂岩、砾岩,灰色厚层含砾粗砂岩、细—中砂岩	冲积扇、扇三角洲平原、辫状河	玛纳斯河红沟剖面、头屯河剖面
上侏罗统	齐古组	272~348	红褐色、红色泥岩夹灰白色、灰绿色钙质粉砂岩、泥岩	冲积平原、三角洲平原	库车河剖面、卡普沙良河剖面	齐古组	300	暗紫红色、砖红色及褐红色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹黄灰色薄—中层砂岩,下部含砾粗砂岩、细—中砂岩	冲积平原、曲流河	玛纳斯河红沟剖面
中侏罗统	恰克马克组	167~278	灰绿色、紫色泥岩、砂质泥岩和粉砂岩夹砂岩	曲流河—三角洲平原	库车河剖面、阿瓦特河剖面	头屯河组	850	灰色、浅灰色巨厚层含砾粗砂岩与灰绿色夹紫红色、棕红色条带状泥岩互层	辫状河、曲流河	头屯河剖面
中侏罗统	克孜勒努尔组	386~725	灰白色、灰绿色细砾岩、含砾砂岩、砂岩与绿灰色、灰黑色粉砂岩、泥页岩及煤	曲流河—三角洲平原—前缘	吐格尔明剖面、库车河剖面	西山窑组	1 100	下部灰白色含砾粗砂岩、泥岩夹砂岩透镜体,中部厚层含砾粗砂岩,上部砂岩与泥岩及煤互层	辫状河三角洲平原、前缘和滨浅湖	南安集海河剖面
下侏罗统	阳霞组	531~570	上段深灰色、褐灰色厚层泥岩、碳质泥岩,下段灰色细—中砾岩、泥质粉砂岩夹煤层	曲流河、三角洲、湖泊	库车河剖面、吐格尔明剖面	三工河组	860	下部黑褐色泥岩夹灰黄色砂岩,中部灰黄色砂岩,上部灰绿色泥质粉砂岩	辫状河三角洲平原、前缘和滨浅湖	郝家沟剖面
下侏罗统	阿合组	358~414	浅灰色、灰白色厚层块状砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩	辫状河	库车河剖面、克拉苏河剖面	八道湾组	585	中—下部厚层浅灰色、灰绿色粗砾岩与泥质粉砂岩互层,上部含砾粗砂岩与煤	扇三角洲平原— 前缘	石场剖面

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

图9

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