柴达木盆地油气勘探历程与启示

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210306

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

回顾1954年至今柴达木盆地油气勘探艰苦曲折的历程,有着明显的阶段性和复杂性。20世纪50—60年代,在技术手段十分有限的条件下,勘探基本以地面地质调查和浅层勘探为主,发现了冷湖等十余个浅层油田;20世纪70—80年代,开展模拟地震勘探。技术的进步促使勘探向中深层和东部扩展,不仅发现亿吨级尕斯库勒油田,还揭开了盆地东部大气田勘探的序幕;20世纪90年代,勘探进入瓶颈期,主要依靠深化地质研究和精细评价增储上产;进入21世纪,勘探向多领域、多类型发展,逐步形成了青藏高原咸化湖盆油气勘探开发理论技术,实现了油气勘探持续突破和储量快速增长,整个勘探过程可归纳为浅层发现、深层突破、坚持探索和快速发展4个勘探阶段。重点剖析了昆北、英东、东坪—尖北、扎哈泉和英西5个油气田的勘探成功实例,科技理论的创新、勘探思路的转变和勘探技术的进步对勘探突破具有指导意义,以期对以后油气勘探开发工作有一定的启迪。

关键词: 柴达木盆地, 昆北油田, 英东油田, 扎哈泉油田, 英西油田, 尕斯库勒油田, 咸化湖盆

Abstract:

This article reviews the arduous and tortuous course of oil and gas exploration in Qaidam basin from 1954 to now, which has obvious stages and complexity. From the 1950s to 1960s limited by technological means, the exploration in the basin focused on surface geological survey and exploration in the shallow strata, and more than ten oil fields such as Lenghu were discovered in shallow strata. From the 1970s to 1980s, simulated seismic exploration was carried out on a large scale, and the technology progress promoted the exploration toward the middle-deep layers and eastern part of the basin. During which, not only the Gasikule oilfield was discovered with the oil reserves of 100 million tons, but the prelude of exploring large gas fields was opened in the eastern part of the basin. In the 1990s, the exploration encountered a bottleneck, so deepening geological research and fine evaluation were performed to increase reserves and production. Entering the 21st century, the exploration has been developing in multiple domains and multiple types, and the theory and technology of oil and gas exploration and development have been advanced for the saline lacustrine basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and sustainable breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration and rapid growth in reserves have been achieved. The whole exploration process can be divided into four stages: discovery in shallow strata, breakthrough in deep strata, persistent exploration and rapid development. The paper analyzes 5 successful cases of oil and gas field exploration, which can prove the guiding significance of the innovation of scientific and technical theories, the update of exploration ideas and the progress of exploration technology to the exploration breakthrough. Taking history as a mirror, we hope to give enlightenment to future petroleum exploration and development.

Key words: Qaidam basin, Kunbei oilfield, Yingdong oilfield, Zhahaquan oilfield, Yingxi oilfield, Gasikule oilfield, saline lacustrine basin

中图分类号:

TE132

魏学斌, 沙威, 沈晓双, 司丹, 张国卿, 任世霞, 杨梅. 柴达木盆地油气勘探历程与启示[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(3): 302-311.

WEI Xuebin, SHA Wei, SHEN Xiaoshuang, SI Dan, ZHANG Guoqing, REN Shixia, YANG Mei. Petroleum Exploration History and Enlightenment in Qaidam Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(3): 302-311.

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