碳酸盐岩裂缝-孔隙型储集层水侵特征及残余气分布规律

doi:10.7657/XJPG20230510

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决碳酸盐岩裂缝-孔隙型边底水气藏在开采过程中易发生气井水窜的问题，利用可视化微观模型实验和高温高压在线核磁共振检测系统，开展水侵机理模拟实验，研究残余气分布规律；以脉冲序列测试得到T₂图谱，表征侵入水分布特征。结果表明，孔喉半径比、配位数和裂缝宽度对水侵及残余气分布影响显著，孔隙型储集层侵入水先进入中—大孔隙，后进入小孔隙；裂缝-孔隙型储集层中裂缝的分布对水侵方式存在影响，侵入水进入裂缝后，可以通过裂缝进入中—大孔隙中。孔隙型储集层水淹后，37.7%的残余气存在于小孔隙中，62.3%的残余气存在于中—大孔隙中；裂缝-孔隙型储集层水淹后裂缝中的残余气较少，小孔隙中的残余气占4.8%~26.8%，中—大孔隙中的残余气占69.2%~94.7%，且小孔隙中的残余气难以被动用。以中—大孔隙水侵比例为目标函数评价残余气饱和度指标，主控因素为裂缝贯穿程度、水体倍数、裂缝宽度和采气速度。应在裂缝发育区优选井轨迹，避免钻遇沟通边底水的裂缝，同时优化气井配产，延缓气井见水时间；气井出水后适当降低产气速度，促使侵入水进入中—大孔隙，减少残余气在中—大孔隙中的分布，提高天然气采收率。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 气藏, 裂缝-孔隙型储集层, 核磁共振, 水侵特征, 残余气分布, 采气速度, 提高采收率

Abstract:

Water channeling often occurs in gas wells during the production of fractured-porous carbonate gas reservoirs with edge/bottom water. A simulation experiment on water invasion mechanism was performed by using a visualized microscopic model and under the formation conditions simulated by the high-temperature high-pressure online nuclear magnetic resonance detection system, to study the distribution of residual gas. The distribution of intrusive water was characterized by the T₂ spectrum obtained from pulse sequence testing. The results show that the pore-throat ratio, coordination number, and fracture width have significant impacts on water invasion and residual gas distribution. In porous reservoirs, invasion water first enters large pores and then small pores. In fractured-porous reservoirs, where the distribution of fractures has an influence on the water invasion mode, intrusive water enters the fractures and then the medium-large pores. In water-invaded porous reservoirs, 37.7% of the residual gas exists in small pores, and 62.3% in large pores. In water-invaded fractured-porous reservoirs, a little residual gas is in fractures, 4.8%-26.8% of the residual gas in small pores (where the residual gas is difficult to recover), and 94.7%-69.2% in medium-large pores. The residual gas saturation index was evaluated with the water invasion proportion in medium-large pores as an objective function, and the main controlling factors include fracture penetration degree, water volume ratio, fracture width and gas production rate. The well trajectory should be optimized in the fracture zones and kept away from the fractures that communicate with edge/bottom water. Furthermore, well production rate should be optimized to delay water breakthrough. After water breakthrough in gas wells, the gas production rate should be appropriately reduced to drive intrusive water into medium-large pores and reduce residual gas in the medium-large pores, thus enhancing the gas recovery.

Key words: carbonate rock, gas reservoir, fractured-porous reservoir, nuclear magnetic resonance, water invasion characteristic, residual gas distribution, gas production rate, EOR

中图分类号:

TE122.3

谢鹏, 陈鹏羽, 赵海龙, 徐建亭. 碳酸盐岩裂缝-孔隙型储集层水侵特征及残余气分布规律[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(5): 583-591.

XIE Peng, CHEN Pengyu, ZHAO Hailong, Xu Jianting. Water Invasion Characteristics and Residual Gas Distribution in Fractured-Porous Carbonate Reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(5): 583-591.

图/表 12

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

图8

表3

图9

参考文献 23

[1]	冯曦, 彭先, 李隆新, 等. 碳酸盐岩气藏储层非均质性对水侵差异化的影响[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(6):67-75.
	FENG Xi, PENG Xian, LI Longxin, et al. Influence of reservoir heterogeneity on water invasion differentiation in carbonate gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(6):67-75.
[2]	何治亮, 马永生, 朱东亚, 等. 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层理论技术进展与攻关方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(3):533-546.
	HE Zhiliang, MA Yongsheng, ZHU Dongya, et al. Theoretical and technological progress and research direction of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(3):533-546.
[3]	卢志明, 徐士鹏, 艾尼·买买提, 等. 海外碳酸盐岩油藏储层特征分析及其对产能影响[J]. 特种油气藏, 2021, 28(3):47-53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.03.007
	LU Zhiming, XU Shipeng, AINI Maimaiti, et al. Analysis of reservoir characteristics and their effect on productivity of overseas carbonate reservoirs[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2021, 28(3):47-53.
[4]	李阳, 康志江, 薛兆杰, 等. 中国碳酸盐岩油气藏开发理论与实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(4):669-678. doi: 10.11698/PED.2018.04.12
	LI Yang, KANG Zhijiang, XUE Zhaojie, et al. Theories and practices of carbonate reservoirs development in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4):669-678.
[5]	肖峰, 岳君, 李志超, 等. 苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏效益开发含水饱和度上限[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(3):335-340.
	XIAO Feng, YUE Jun, LI Zhichao, et al. Upper limit of water saturation of tight sandstone gas reservoir in Sulige gas field[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(3):335-340.
[6]	李熙喆, 郭振华, 胡勇, 等. 中国超深层构造型大气田高效开发策略[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(1):111-118. doi: 10.11698/PED.2018.01.11
	LI Xizhe, GUO Zhenhua, HU Yong, et al. Efficient development strategies for large ultra-deep structural gas fields in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(1):111-118. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(18)30010-7
[7]	李程辉, 李熙喆, 高树生, 等. 碳酸盐岩储集层气水两相渗流实验与气井流入动态曲线以高石梯—磨溪区块龙王庙组和灯影组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(6):930-938. doi: 10.11698/PED.2017.06.10
	LI Chenghui, LI Xizhe, GAO Shusheng, et al. Experiment on gas-water two-phase seepage and inflow performance curves of gas wells in carbonate reservoirs:A case study of Longwangmiao formation and Dengying formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi block,Sichuan basin,SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(6):930-938.
[8]	胡勇, 李熙喆, 卢祥国, 等. 砂岩气藏衰竭开采过程中含水饱和度变化规律[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41(6):723-726.
	HU Yong, LI Xizhe, LU Xiangguo, et al. Varying law of water saturation in the depletion-drive development of sandstone gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(6):723-726.
[9]	方飞飞, 李熙喆, 高树生, 等. 边、底水气藏水侵规律可视化实验研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(12):2246-2 252.
	FANG Feifei, LI Xizhe, GAO Shusheng, et al. Visual simulation experimental study on water invasion rules of gas reservoir with edge and bottom water[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27(12):2246-2 252.
[10]	王璐, 杨胜来, 彭先, 等. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储层内水的赋存特征可视化实验[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(6):686-696. doi: 10.7623/syxb201806007
	WANG Lu, YANG Shenglai, PENG Xian, et al. Visual experiments on the occurrence characteristics of multi-type reservoir water in fracture-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(6):686-696. doi: 10.7623/syxb201806007
[11]	计秉玉, 郑松青, 顾浩. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发技术的认识与思考[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(6):1459-1 465.
	JI Bingyu, ZHENG Songqing, GU Hao. On the development technology of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs:A case study on Tahe oilfield and Shunbei oil and gas field[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(6):1459-1 465.
[12]	常宝华, 李世银, 曹雯, 等. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏关键开发指标预测方法及应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2021, 28(2):72-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.02.010
	CHANG Baohua, LI Shiyin, CAO Wen, et al. Prediction method of key development indicators of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs and its application[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2021, 28(2):72-77.
[13]	王璐, 杨胜来, 刘义成, 等. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多层合采供气能力实验[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(5):779-787. doi: 10.11698/PED.2017.05.13
	WANG Lu, YANG Shenglai, LIU Yicheng, et al. Experiments on gas supply capability of commingled production in a fracture-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(5):779-787.
[14]	吴正彬, 庞占喜, 刘慧卿, 等. 稠油油藏高温凝胶改善蒸汽驱开发效果可视化实验[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(11):1421-1 426.
	WU Zhengbin, PANG Zhanxi, LIU Huiqing, et al. A visible experiment on adoption of high-temperature gel for improving the development effect of steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(11):1421-1426. doi: 10.7623/syxb201511011
[15]	盛军, 孙卫, 段宝虹, 等. 致密砂岩气藏水锁效应机理探析:以苏里格气田东南区上古生界盒8段储层为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(10):1972-1 978.
	SHENG Jun, SUN Wei, DUAN Baohong, et al. Water lock effect mechanism of tight sand-stone gas reservoir:An example of the He 8 reservoir of the Upper Paleozoic in the southeast region of Sulige gasfield[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(10):1972-1978.
[16]	王晖, 张培军, 成友友, 等. 基于改进的回压试井方法评价低渗气藏气井产能[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41(4):453-456.
	WANG Hui, ZHANG Peijun, CHENG Youyou, et al. Evaluation of gas well productivity in low permeability gas reservoirs based on a modified back-pressure test method[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(4):453-456.
[17]	张辉, 王磊, 汪新光, 等. 异常高压气藏气水两相流井产能分析方法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(2):258-262. doi: 10.11698/PED.2017.02.10
	ZHANG Hui, WANG Lei, WANG Xinguang, et al. Productivity analysis method for gas-water wells in abnormal overpressure gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(2):258-262.
[18]	BAHRAMI H, REZAEE R, CLENNELL B. Water blocking damage in hydraulically fractured tight sand gas reservoirs:An example from Perth basin,Western Australia[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2012, 88:100-106.
[19]	TANG Ligen, WANG Jieming, DING Guosheng, et al. Downhole inflow-performance forecast for underground gas storage based on gas reservoir development data[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(1):138-142. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30016-7
[20]	WANG Zhouhua, WANG Zidun, ZENG Fanhua, et al. The material balance equation for fractured vuggy gas reservoirs with bottom water-drive combining stress and gravity effects[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2017, 44:96-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2017.04.027
[21]	成友友, 穆龙新, 朱恩永, 等. 碳酸盐岩气藏气井出水机理分析:以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(1):89-96. doi: 10.11698/PED.2017.01.10
	CHENG Youyou, MU Longxin, ZHU Enyong, et al. Water producing mechanisms of carbonate reservoirs gas wells:A case study of the right bank field of Amu Darya,Turkmenistan[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(1):89-96. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(17)30011-3
[22]	贾爱林, 孟德伟, 何东博, 等. 开发中后期气田产能挖潜技术对策:以四川盆地东部五百梯气田石炭系气藏为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(4):580-589. doi: 10.11698/PED.2017.04.11
	JIA Ailin, MENG Dewei, HE Dongbo, et al. Technical measures of deliverability enhancement for mature gas fields:A case study of Carboniferous reservoirs in Wubaiti gas field,eastern Sichuan basin,SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(4):580-589.
[23]	陈鹏羽, 程木伟, 陈怀龙, 等. 底水丘滩体储集层特征及开发对策[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(1):94-99.
	CHEN Pengyu, CHENG Muwei, CHEN Huailong, et al. Characteristics and development strategies of mound-shoal reservoirs with bottom water[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(1):94-99.