Abstract: This paper analyzed the drilling, coring and geophysical data from Fergana basin, studied the relationship between Tianshan orogenic belt activities and Fergana basin formation and evolution, combined with the previous regional geology recognitions, illustrated the controlling effect of its formation and evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation, and discussed the geodynamic setting influencing this basin抯 formation and evolution. It is recognized that the formation and evolution of Fergana basin are closely related to Tianshan orogenic belt and Pamir massif activity, the Talas-Fergana fault in northeastern margin of Fergana basin has an important restrictive function on formation, evolution and sedimentary distribution of the basin; this basin experiences six stages in evolution: the intermountain depression (P2-T1), the tectonic uplift (P2), the prototype basin formation (J1-J2), the tectonic uplift (J3-K1), the continuous subsidence (K2-E), and the tectonic uplift (N-Q); the source, reservoir and cap rocks are formed in the tectonic quiet period, and the petroleum migration and hydrocarbon accumulation occur in the tectonic active period in Fergana basin