Diagenetic Evolution and Its Significance of Zeolites in Sedimentary Rocks

doi:10.7657/XJPG20230505

Abstract

Abstract:

Zeolites are widely distributed in sedimentary rocks, and they are diverse in genesis and complex in evolution characteristics. Controlled by sedimentary environment and diagenetic conditions, zeolites of different genesis are formed in different diagenetic sequences, and exhibit distinct combinations, occurrences, and frameworks. Zeolites can be divided into primary zeolites, hydrothermal zeolites, volcanic-altered zeolites, and mineral-transformed zeolites. Zolite framework can be characterized by the Si/Al ratio, based on which the zeolites are categorized into high-silica and low-silica zeolites. Zeolites play a strong catalytic role in hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. High-silica zeolites have lower catalytic activity, but slower deactivation rate than low-silica zeolites, and exhibit good selectivity. Zeolite cementation and dissolution have constructive and destructive effects on reservoirs, respectively. In different diagenetic sequences, zeolites show varying impacts on reservoir properties. The transformation of clay minerals to zeolites enhances the brittleness and water sensitivity of shale. Brittleness will increase the fracability of shale reservoirs, while water sensitivity will reduce reservoir permeability.

Key words: zeolite, framework, genesis, diagenetic sequence, catalytic role, reservoir physical property, fracability

CLC Number:

TE122.221

ZUO Rusi, ZENG Xiang, CAO Zhongxiang, CAI Jingong, ZHANG Kuihua, ZHANG Guanlong. Diagenetic Evolution and Its Significance of Zeolites in Sedimentary Rocks[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(5): 543-553.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1.

Table 1.

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Table 2.

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成因类型	沸石类型	形成条件	产状	Si/Al
原生沸石	方沸石	母岩风化和搬运过程中，原生沸石未被化学分解	自形程度高，以岩屑斑晶形式产出，镜下晶体表面干净完整，极为罕见	2.10~2.15
热液成因沸石	方沸石	幔源热液温度降低至300~500 ℃	多以胶结物形式产出，宏观上呈裂缝充填状或层状，受断裂控制明显	2.04~3.52
热液成因沸石	钠沸石	幔源热液温度降低至250~450 ℃	多以胶结物形式产出，宏观上呈裂缝充填状或层状，受断裂控制明显	1.39~2.72
火山物质蚀变沸石	斜发沸石	流体富含K⁺、Ca²⁺，pH值为7.0~9.0，温度为44 ℃	自形程度高，多以胶结物形式产出，宏观上呈裂缝充填状或孔隙充填状	3.55~3.81
	方沸石	流体富含Na⁺，pH值为7.0~9.0，温度为84 ℃		2.36~2.64
	片沸石	流体富含Ca²⁺，pH值为7.0~9.0，温度为120 ℃		2.47~3.33
	浊沸石	流体富含Ca²⁺，pH值为7.0~9.0，温度为140 ℃		1.98~2.05
矿物转化沸石	方沸石	形成温度低，沉积水体或成岩流体具有高盐碱性，pH值为9.5~10.0	自形程度较低，以胶结物或交代物形式产出，沉积水体中直接析出的方沸石宏观上呈层状	2.00~2.28
矿物转化沸石	浊沸石	形成温度为50~120 ℃，沉积水体或成岩流体具有高盐碱性，pH值为9.5~10.0	自形程度较低，以胶结物或交代物形式产出，沉积水体中直接析出的方沸石宏观上呈层状	1.89~2.93