Genesis and Petroleum Significance of Silica-Rich Shale in Fengcheng Formation of Well Maye-1，Mahu Sag

doi:10.7657/XJPG20220610

Abstract

Abstract:

Silica-rich shale is developed in the Fengcheng formation of Well Maye-1 in the Mabei slope of the Mahu sag, Junggar basin, and it is characterized by enrichment of authigenic silica. The silica-rich shale interval is one of the intervals with shale oil widely distributed. Based on the data from core description, rock thin section, scanning electron microscope, paleontological analysis, and geochemical test, the Fengcheng formation silica-rich shale in the Mabei slope was investigated from the aspects of longitudinal distribution, authigenic silica genesis, algae types and hydrocarbon generation and silica-related pore structure by combining petrology and geochemistry in multiple scales. The results show that the development of the authigenic silica in the Fengcheng formation of Well Maye-1 is related to the high pH of the alkaline lake. Volcanic materials and terrigenous debris are likely to release dissolved silica under high pH conditions, which will form silica-rich shale after recrystallizing because of continuous evaporation or pH reduction. A large number of well-preserved spherical biological fossils developed in the flint strips and agglomerates of the silica-rich shale are mainly composed of dormant spores of paleosalina, which have a remarkable hydrocarbon generation capability. Fractures, intercrystalline pores, and intercrystalline dissolved pores are found in the silica-rich shale which has a high brittleness. The authigenic silica in the Fengcheng formation of Well Maye-1 played an important role in the process of hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation. This recognition can provide references for the further exploration of shale oil in the Fengcheng formation in the Mabei slope.

Key words: Junggar basin, Mahu sag, Well Maye-1, Fengcheng formation, shale oil reservoir, silica-rich shale, genesis, petroleum significance

CLC Number:

TE122

LEI Haiyan, QI Jing, ZHOU Ni, CHEN Jun, MENG Ying, ZHANG Xixin, CHEN Ruibing. Genesis and Petroleum Significance of Silica-Rich Shale in Fengcheng Formation of Well Maye-1，Mahu Sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(6): 724-732.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Table 1.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

References 34

[1]	李明隆, 谭秀成, 李延钧, 等. 页岩岩相划分及含气性评价:以滇黔北地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 断块油气田, 2021, 28(6):727-732.
	LI Minglong, TAN Xiucheng, LI Yanjun, et al. Shale lithofacies classification and evaluation of gas-bearing property:a case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formation in northern Yunnan and Guizhou[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2021, 28(6):727-732.
[2]	XIE Xiaomin, ZHU Guangyou, WANG Ye. The influence of syngenetic hydrothermal silica fluid on organic matter preservation in Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation,south China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2021, 129:105098. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105098
[3]	YANG Xiangrong, YAN Detian, WEI Xiaosong, et al. Different formation mechanism of quartz in siliceous and argillaceous shales:a case study of Longmaxi formation in south China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 94:80-94. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.03.036
[4]	ZHAO Jianhua, JIN Zhenkui, JIN Zhijun, et al. Origin of authigenic quartz in organic-rich shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan basin,south China:implications for pore evolution[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2017, 38:21-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2016.11.037
[5]	WU Wei, LIU Weiqing, MOU Chuanlong, et ai. Organic-rich siliceous rocks in the Upper Permian Dalong formation(NW Middle Yangtze):provenance,paleoclimate and paleoenvironment[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2021, 123:104728. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104728
[6]	王濡岳, 胡宗全, 龙胜祥, 等. 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征与演化机制[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(2):353-364.
	WANG Ruyue, HU Zongquan, LONG Shengxiang, et al. Reservoir characteristics and evolution mechanisms of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale,Sichuan basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(2):353-364.
[7]	高媛, 王国芝, 李娜. 准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系风城组硅质岩地球化学特征及成因[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(4):647-660.
	GAO Yuan, WANG Guozhi, LI Na. Geochemical features and origin of siliceous rocks of the Permian Fengcheng formation in the northwestern margin of Junggar basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2019, 21(4):647-660.
[8]	YU Kuanhong, ZHANG Zhijie, CAO Yingchang, et al. Origin of biogenic-induced cherts from Permian alkaline saline lake deposits in the NW Junggar basin,NW China:implications for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2021, 211:104712. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104712
[9]	魏研, 郭佩, 靳军, 等. 火山-碱湖沉积岩中的燧石成因:以准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组为例[J]. 矿物岩石, 2021, 41(2):83-98.
	WEI Yan, GUO Pei, JIN Jun, et al. Origin of chert in volcanic alkali lake sedimentary rocks:a case study of Fengcheng formation of Lower Permian in Junggar basin[J]. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2021, 41(2):83-98.
[10]	刘国恒, 黄志龙, 郭小波, 等. 新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组泥页岩层系SiO₂赋存状态与成因[J]. 地质学报, 2016, 90(6):1220-1 235.
	LIU Guoheng, HUANG Zhilong, GUO Xiaobo, et al. Occurrence state and origin of SiO₂ in shale series of Middle Permian Lucaogou formation in Malang sag,Santanghu basin,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Geology, 2016, 90(6):1220-1 235.
[11]	白斌, 戴朝成, 侯秀林, 等. 陆相湖盆页岩自生硅质特征及其油气意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(5):1-12.
	BAI Bin, DAI Chaocheng, HOU Xiulin, et al. Authigenic silica in continental lacustrine shale and its hydrocarbon significance[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(5):1-12. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(22)60001-6
[12]	支东明, 唐勇, 郑孟林, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油藏地质特征与成藏控制因素[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(5):615-623. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2019.05.008
	ZHI Dongming, TANG Yong, ZHENG Menglin, et al. Geological characteristics and accumulation controlling factors of shale reservoirs in Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(5):615-623. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2019.05.008
[13]	支东明, 唐勇, 何文军, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组常规-非常规油气有序共生与全油气系统成藏模式[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(1):38-51.
	ZHI Dongming, TANG Yong, HE Wenjun, et al. Orderly coexistence and accumulation models of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in Lower Permian Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(1):38-51.
[14]	TANG Yong, HE Wenjun, BAI Yubin, et al. Source rock evaluation and hydrocarbon generation model of Permian alkaline lakes:a case study of the Fengcheng formation in the Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. Mining & Minerals, 2021, 11(6):644.
[15]	刘得光, 周路, 李世宏, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩特征与生烃模式[J]. 沉积学报, 2020, 38(5):946-955.
	LIU Deguang, ZHOU Lu, LI Shihong, et al. Characteristics of source rocks and hydrocarbon generation models of Fengcheng formation in Mahu depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(5):946-955.
[16]	MA Ling, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Zhihuan, et al. The geochemical characteristics of the Fengcheng formation source rocks from the Halaalate area,Junggar basin,China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 184:106561. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106561
[17]	曹剑, 雷德文, 李玉文, 等. 古老碱湖优质烃源岩:准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(7):781-790. doi: 10.7623/syxb201507002
	CAO Jian, LEI Dewen, LI Yuwen, et al. Ancient high-quality alkaline lacustrine source rocks discovered in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation,Junggar basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(7):781-790. doi: 10.7623/syxb201507002
[18]	郭佩, 李长志, 文华国, 等. 陆相硅质岩成因类型及构造-气候指示意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2022, 40(2):450-464.
	GUO Pei, LI Changzhi, WEN Huaguo, et al. Genesis of continental siliceous rocks and their tectonic-climatic significance[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2022, 40(2):450-464.
[19]	张元元, 曾宇轲, 唐文斌. 准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠纪原型盆地分析[J]. 石油科学通报, 2021, 6(3):333-343.
	ZHANG Yuanyuan, ZENG Yuke, TANG Wenbin. Analysis of Permian prototype basin in northwest margin of Junggar basin[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2021, 6(3):333-343.
[20]	赵研, 郭佩, 鲁子野, 等. 准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组硅硼钠石发育特征及其富集成因探讨[J]. 沉积学报, 2020, 38(5):966-979.
	ZHAO Yan, GUO Pei, LU Ziye, et al. Genesis of reedmergnerite in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation of the Junggar basin,NE China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(5):966-979.
[21]	李兆丰, 唐相路, 黄立良, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩岩相发育特征[J]. 能源与环保, 2021, 43(4):108-114.
	LI Zhaofeng, TANG Xianglu, HUANG Liliang, et al. Lithofacies development characteristics of Fengcheng formation shale in Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection, 2021, 43(4):108-114.
[22]	宇振昆, 丁金岗, 冯振伟, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱性成岩作用浅析[J]. 非常规油气, 2021, 8(2):24-32.
	YU Zhenkun, DING Jingang, FENG Zhenwei, et al. Analysis on alkaline diagenesis of the Fengcheng formation of Permian in Mahu sag,Junggar basin,China[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2021, 8(2):24-32.
[23]	李威, 张元元, 倪敏婕, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统古老碱湖成因探究:来自全球碱湖沉积的启示[J]. 地质学报, 2020, 94(6):1839-1 852.
	LI Wei, ZHANG Yuanyuan, NI Minjie, et al. Genesis of alkaline lacustrine deposits in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation of the Mahu sag,northwestern Junggar basin:insights from a comparison with the worldwide alkaline lacustrine deposits[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94(6):1839-1 852.
[24]	王力宝, 厚刚福, 卞保力, 等. 现代碱湖对玛湖凹陷风城组沉积环境的启示[J]. 沉积学报, 2020, 38(5):913-922.
	WANG Libao, HOU Gangfu, BIAN Baoli, et al. The role of modern alkaline lakes in explaining the sedimentary environment of the Fengcheng formation,Mahu depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(5):913-922.
[25]	张志杰, 袁选俊, 汪梦诗, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积特征与古环境演化[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(6):972-984.
	ZHANG Zhijie, YUAN Xuanjun, WANG Mengshi, et al. Alkaline-lacustrine deposition and paleoenvironmental evolution in Permian Fengcheng formation at the Mahu sag,Junggar basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(6):972-984.
[26]	李学良, 张奎华, 林会喜, 等. 哈山及周缘二叠系风城组沉积环境及沉积相发育特征[J]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 48(5):699-708.
	LI Xueliang, ZHANG Kuihua, LIN Huixi, et al. Sedimentary environment and facies of Permian Fengcheng formation in Hashan and its adjacent areas[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 48(5):699-708.
[27]	LI Wenwen, CAO Jian, ZHI Dongming, et al. Controls on shale oil accumulation in alkaline lacustrine settings:Late Paleozoic Fengcheng formation,northwestern Junggar basin[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2021, 129:105107. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105107
[28]	雷海艳, 郭佩, 孟颖, 等. 玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油储层孔隙结构及分类评价[J]. 岩性油气藏 2022, 34(3):142-153.
	LEI Haiyan, GUO Pei, MENG Ying, et al. Pore structure and classification evaluation of shale oil reservoirs of Permian Fengcheng formation in Mahu sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2022, 34(3):142-153.
[29]	GUO P, LIU C, WANG L, et al. Mineralogy and organic geochemistry of the terrestrial lacustrine pre-salt sediments in the Qaidam basin:implications for good source rock development[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2019, 107:149-162. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.04.029
[30]	ADACHI M, YAMAMOTO K, SUGISAKI R. Hydrothermal chert and associated siliceous rocks from the northern Pacific their geological significance as indication of ocean ridge activity[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1986, 47(1):125-148. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(86)90075-8
[31]	康健丽, 张招崇, 董书云, 等. 西南天山马达尔地区硅质岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2010, 29(1):79-89.
	KANG Jianli, ZHANG Zhaochong, DONG Shuyun, et al. Geochemistry of cherts from Madaer area in southwest Tianshan mountains:implications for deposition environments[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2010, 29(1):79-89.
[32]	周雪蕾, 齐雯, 黄玉, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组黏土矿物组成特征及其成因[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(1):34-41.
	ZHOU Xuelei, QI Wen, HUANG Yu, et al. Clay mineral compositions and genesis in Lower Permian Fengcheng formation of Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(1):34-41.
[33]	何文军, 钱永新, 赵毅, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组全油气系统勘探启示[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(6):641-655.
	HE Wenjun, QIAN Yongxin, ZHAO Yi, et al. Exploration implications of total petroleum system in Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(6):641-655.
[34]	ADACHI M, YAMAMOTO K, SUGISAKI R. Hydrothermal chert and associated siliceous rocks from the northern Pacific,their geological significance as indication of ocean ridge activity[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1986, 47:125-148. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(86)90075-8