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01 January 2019, Volume 33 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Regularities of Oil and Gas Distribution in Chinas Three Major Types of Basins KANG Yuzhu 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (300KB) ( 316 )   Save There are three major types of petroliferous basins developed in China. They are the Paleozoic cratonic basin, the east?central Meso?Cenozoic fault basin and the western Meso?Cenozoic foreland basin, about 85% of domestic oil and gas resources are controlled by them, and the oil and gas fields discovered up to now are mainly distributed in them. This paper summarizes the oil and gas distribution regularities in the three major types of basins through several years of researches and practices for the purpose of playing a certain role in guiding the current and future China’s oil and gas exploration Related Articles | Metrics

New Insights from Petroleum Exploration in Eastern Junggar Basin LIN Longdong, SHAN Jianga, LUO Jianlingb 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (300KB) ( 264 )   Save Jimusaer sag is relatively small sedimentary sag with an area of 410 km2 and OOIP of 1.1×108t in the eastern part of Junggar basin. Recently, a new breakthrough for petroleum exploration was the discovery of Jixiang oilfield in it. In this paper, the exploration results from Jimusaer sag, Tuha basin and Santanghu basin are analyzed and compared, and then recognized that Jixiang oilfield probably is the extension northward of Turpan oil?gas enrichment belt in Tuha basin; the extension of Shanshan oil?gas enrichment belt northward in this basin will appear possibly in Mulei area of Xinjiang; the spontaneous combustion phenomenon of the coal mine at edge of Kelameili mountain is likely to be the special display of natural gas shows. So, Santanghu basin, Balikun basin and Hami basin situated in the same oil?gas enrichment belt should be paid more attention to. Also, some new countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for future petroleum exploration in this area Related Articles | Metrics

Clay Minerals and Shale Gas ZHAO Xingyuan, HE Dongbo 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (300KB) ( 245 )   Save Clay minerals are closely related to shale gas. Absorption of clay minerals highly affects the enrichment of organic matters and clay minerals act as catalyst in conversion process of organic matter into hydrocarbon. Types of clay minerals affect the distribution of absorbed shale gas. In conversion process of smectite into illite, reduction of unit structural height (d0) of smectite causes structural subsidence and micro?fractures in the shale, which can provide migration path and accumulation space for shale gas. Meanwhile, precipitated interlayer water molecules serve as carrier for shale gas migration and accumulation. Among six basic modes of vertical distribution of clay minerals in petroliferous basins in China, the vertical conversion stage of normal conversion Ia subtype clay minerals has a good correlation with the organic matter evolution stage and the compaction stage, such as the Paleogene strata of most of depressions in Bohai Bay, Beibwan and Subei basins and the Cretaceous strata of most of depressions in Songliao and Erlian basins, which are all favorable for generation and enrichment of shale gas. Meanwhile, the major enriched status of shale gas in each conversion stage of clay minerals in the range of Ia subtype distribution can be predicted Related Articles | Metrics

The Major Reservoirs and Distribution of Lower Combination in Southern Margin of Jungar Basin LEI Dewen1, CHEN Nenggui2, LI Xueyi1, ZHANG Yingchun1 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (300KB) ( 224 )   Save In the lower combination in southern margin of Jungar basin mainly developed three sets of major reservoirs: the Kalaza formation and the Qigu formation of Upper Jurassic and the Qingshuihe formation of Lower Cretaceous, with the main rock types of feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic arkose, and the overall properties of low compositional maturity and medium-high textural maturity as well as weak diagenesis (in the early diagenetic stage of A and B). The pore types are dominated by residual original intergranular pores and fewer dissolved pores. The whole reservoir is characterized by the deep-burial and high quality. The cumulative thickness of the three sets of reservoirs with the characteristics of regional distribution generally exceeds 100 m, some area up to 250~300 m, and most of the area has two and three sets of overlapping Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Tertiary Formation Pressure Profile in Western Qaidam Basin QIN Feng 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (300KB) ( 174 )   Save The formation pressure profile of western Qaidam basin is divided into 3 types and characterized by those as follows: TypeⅠ appears the increase of formation pressure with depth by normal pressure section and abnormal overpressure section; Type II is similar to TypeⅠexcept for pressure drop point in the abnormal overpressure section; Type Ⅲ: the trend of the formation pressure changing with depth occurs in single section, namely, the pressure changes normally nearby the hydrostatic pressure line. The formation pressure profile of TypeⅠ mainly appears in settling area, that of Type Ⅱ in fault or fracture developing area of it, while that of Type Ⅲ in denudation area. The distribution of oil and gas fields of the Tertiary in western Qaidam basin is mainly related to Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ profiles with pressure drops. And the main reason is probably that the pressure drops could lead to the large scale migration of oil and gas in condition of coexisting oil, gas and water Related Articles | Metrics

Seismic Recognition and Prediction of Underwater Distributary Channels in Sungang Area of Biyang Sag LI Huifeng,YANG Lei 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (300KB) ( 139 )   Save In order to effectively predict lithological reservoir position, Based on analysis of the origin of the underwater distributary channel in study area, and the seismic reflection configuration of the underwater distributary channel has been recognized using the reflection features of seismic event from the high resolution 3D seismic data. Then many interlaminar or along?horizon attributes of the seismic reflection wave of the interested sand group are extracted, including instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase, root mean?square (RMS) amplitude, mean absolute amplitude, mean reflection power, instantaneous frequency slope, slope at half?life energy,arc length, mean reflection strength and lateral coherent feature, etc. By the multi?attribute combined correlation and the log?seismic data integration, it is finally determined to predict the spatial distribution of underwater distributary channel sand bodies using RMS attribute sections. The research shows that three typical reflectance features of vertical accretion, lateral migration and sand lens superimpostion, have been recognized on the seismic profile. The underwater distributary channel sand bodies appear large scale finger?shaped extension from the NE to the SW. The studied results have been confirmed by the drilling responses, which opens a new field of oil and gas exploration in Biyang sag Related Articles | Metrics

The Main Controlling Factors of Gas and Water Distribution in Western Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin WANG Guoting1, JI Guang1, CHENG Lihua1, PANG Zhenglian1, TANG Haifa1, LIU Qunming1, LI Chaozeng2 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (300KB) ( 170 )   Save Based on the geochemical characteristics of formation water in Sulige gas field, the distribution of gas and water in this area is studied in this paper. It is suggested that its gas and water distribution is mainly controlled by the reservoir physical property, high?quality sand body scope, gas?generating intensity and the distances between reservoirs and source rocks. Under a certain gas?generating intensity,the gas?filled level is higher in good?quality reservoirs, while it is lower in poor?quality reservoirs, thus forming isolated gas zone, gas?water zone and gas?bearing water zone. The former two zones are mainly distributed in the east?south part with higher gas?generating intensity of this field, the last zone is distributed in the middle and north parts with relatively lower gas?generating intensity. So, the closer the distance,the more developed the gas zone. On the contrary, the gas?bearing water and gas?water zones are more developed. And the gentle slope structures are of unconspicuous controlling effect on distribution of gas and water, so the gas and the water are hard to be differentiated Related Articles | Metrics

Geochemistry and Genesis of Mineral Rare Earth Elements in Fluorite Ore Cavities in Xinjiang Xiker Area LIU Xianfeng1,2, CAI Zhongxian2, LI Shuxin3, ZHOU Chenggang3, WANG Chunyang3, YANG Tao3 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (300KB) ( 160 )   Save A great number of fluorite ores occur in karst cavities of Yingshan formation of the Ordovician in Xiker outcrop in western Keping uplift of Tarim basin. In this paper, the mineral assemblages and occurrences and the geochemical features of fluorite and calcite as rare earth elements in the fluorite ore cavities are studied, and the fluorite ore evolution and ore?forming fluid source are discussed. It is recognized that the minerals found in the fluorite ore cavities are continuous products of the same hydrothermal fluid system in different evolutionary stages, and the magma thermal fluids of the Early Permian upwelling along the early formed faults have constructive modification effects on the reservoirs in this area Related Articles | Metrics

Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of Fluid Complicated Zone in Northern Slope of Tazhong Area, Tarim BasinAn example from the Ordovician Yingshan formation in Zhonggu51 Wellblock WANG Yu1, YU Hongfeng2, SU Jin1, JI Yungang2, ZHANG Baotao3, ZHAO Jie4 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (300KB) ( 150 )   Save In recent years, great success for petroleum exploration of the Ordovician Yingshan formation in north slope in Tazhong area of Tarim basin has been achieved, and the quasi?layered and large?scale hydrocarbon accumulation province has begun to take shape. The Yingshan karst reservoir is characterized by multiple phases, complicated oil, gas and water distribution and no unique oil?water contact.This paper presents fine studies of two subsidiary structural zones of Tazhong?I and Tazhong?10, the fluid distribution of Yingshan formation and the most complicated Zhonggu?51 Wellblock. The biomarker correlation of the crude oil and the comprehensive analyses of the deposition, structure, drilling and formation testing of Zhonggu?51 Wellblock show that the hydrocarbon accumulation zone is found in the karst reservoir developed in 30~180 m apart from the top of Yingshan formation, especially at the lower Ying?1 member and the Ying?2 member, dominated by mixed hydrocarbons in origin; the early charged hydrocarbon and the late high mature gas charging occur along twomajor strike?slip faults, making the early oil pool turn into condensate pool, and far apart from the faults appear major oil pools with some gas pools; the Zhonggu?51 Wellblock is surrounded by four strike?slip faults and two rows of overthrust faults (Tazhong?10 and Tazhong?I faults) and divided into three fault blocks in which water is located in the lower part and oil?gas in the higher part, and relatively sealing of oil and gas among them. Therefore, it is suggested that the next drilling or exploration in this area should focus on the higher parts in the fault blocks Related Articles | Metrics

Comparative Study on Diffrences of Buried Hill Hydrocarbon Enrichment Between Western and Eastern Sags in Liaohe Depression YE Tao, JIANG Youlu, Liu Hua, WAN Tao, TIAN Tao 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (300KB) ( 171 )   Save The western sag and eastern sag in Liaohe depression have the same tectonic setting, but the buried hill hydrocarben of the western sag is more abundant than the eastern sag. In this paper, the buried hill hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these two sags are analyzed and shown that the western sag developed additional set of source rock of the Es4 and the quality of the Es3 source rock is better than that of the eastern sag, which makes the western sag be superior to the eastern sag in source rock condition; the lithology of the buried hill in the western sag is dominated by carbonate rock and metamorphic rock, while that in the eastern sag by clastic rock, the former is bettern than the latter in reservoir quality or petrophysical property; the western sag develops early faulting ? early ceasing and inherited active faults, while the eastern sag only develops the inherited active fault, which allows the western sag to be of better buried hill trap and hydrocarbon?charging conditions in slope area than the eastern sag. It is the development and quality of the source rock, the reservoir petrophysical property and the diffrences of the faulting activity that controll the enrichment of oil and gas in buried hills of these two sags Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of BasinMountain Evolution History in Northern Margin of Yilianhabierga Mountain by Using Apatite FissionTrack PAN Chengyu, MENG Yuanku, WANG Xinwen 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (300KB) ( 227 )   Save By analyzing the apatite fission track data and forward modeling, the thermal history of relevant rock assemblage is studied qualitatively to semi?quantitatively in Junggar basin. The result shows that three uplifting?exhumating stages appeared in northern Yilianhabierga mountain: ① From the late stage of Late Jurassic to the early stage of Early Cretaceous, with denuded thickness in Toutunhe of 1.5~2.0km, in the south edge of Chaiwopu of about 1.0 km, and in the south edge of Tuositai of about 1.0 km; ② from the Late Cretaceous to the Early Paleogene, with denuded thickness reducing from the west to the east, in the south edge of Tuositai of 1.5~2.0 km, in Toutunhe of 1~1.5 km, and in the south edge of Chaiwopu of 0.8~1.0 km; ③ since the end of Oligocene, being large uplifting and exhumation stage, with denuded thickness reducing from the west to the east, in the south edge of Tuositai of 4.0~5.0 km, in Toutunhe of about 3.0 km, and in the south edge of Chaiwopu of 2.0~2.5 km Related Articles | Metrics

Establishment and Significance of New Structural Styles in Centre of Mangya Depression, Qaidam Basin MA Xinmin, ZHAO Fan, ZHANG Jumei, CHENG Yuhong, NI Xianglong, YI Dinghong 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (300KB) ( 170 )   Save Based on the analysis of regional geological setting, integrated with data from field outcrop, drilling and seismic interpretation, the new structural style in the center of Mangya depression was established as follows: in the Early Cenozoic, the structural style in Mangya depression is dominated by compressional, imbricated and obduction modes and fewer strike-slip adjustment, forming deep basement-involved faults, compressional thrust fault blocks and compressional folds; in the Late Cenozoic, the style in it is dominated by strike-slip adjustment and fewer compressional and obduction modes, shaping shallow detachment fault-fold assemblage, and then finalizing the styles. Based on analyses of the structural styles in geometry and kinematics, the transition of tectonic stress field and the deformation mechanism of structural zones of the Cenozoic in the centre of Mangya depression are elaborated, reconstructing the history of structural evolution in this area. Finally, according to the distribution of structural fractures, it is pointed out that the concentrated areas of tensile stress in two tectonic cycles are favorable to the development or formation of fractured reservoirs, and should be regarded as the target zones for petroleumexploration in the future Related Articles | Metrics

Geometrical Analysis and Structural Modeling of Western Fukang Fault Zone YANG Heshan1, JIA Xiyu1, WANG Xin2, SONG Yong1, BIAN Baoli1 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (300KB) ( 179 )   Save The western Fukang fault zone underwent multi?stage tectonic movements and the complex faulting systems were developed, which caused the fault identification and the structural modeling were difficult. Based on the theory of fault?related folding, the 3D structural model has been developed in three steps: 1) complex seismic profiles are calibrated with stratum and stratigraphic dip by means of geologic, well logging and seismic data; 2) the iso?dip domain division and axial plane analysis based on the calibrated seismic profiles as well as geometrical analysis of the framework in the whole area are conducted, so as to develop the structural model of the target area; 3) the 2D and 3D integrated seismic interpretation data are used to develop 3D model for the whole area using Earth Vision software. The studied results show that there are two sets of regional fault systems laterally distributed in EW or near EW and two sets of structural zones in vertical. And the over thrust structures and lithologic traps between Fukang fault and Ganhezi fault are favorable zones for oil and gas exploration in this area Related Articles | Metrics

Provenance Analysis of Qingshuihe Formation of Cretaceous in Hinterland of Junggar Basin Abulimiti1a, ZOU Zhiwen2, BAO Haijuan1a, XU Yang2, CHEN Lei1a, YAO Jing1b 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (300KB) ( 245 )   Save On the basis of analyses on the detrital composition and structural feature of sandstone, heavy mineral combination, ZTR maturity index, seismic profiles and sedimentary characteristics, it is considered that there were three external provenances in the hinterland of Junggar basin when the Qingshuihe formation of Early Cretaceous deposited: the north provenance, the west?northwest provenance and the east provenance. Also, the intrabasinal provenance existed in the early period of Qingshuihe formation, which came from the deposits of Toutunhe formation, Xishanyao formation and Sangonghe formation of the Cretaceous in Chepaizi?Mosuowan palaeohigh Related Articles | Metrics

InjectionProduction Regulation and Control for Dual Horizontal Wells in Steam Chamber Rising Stage by Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Process HUO Jin, SANG Linxiang, YANG Guo, LIU Ming, QIU Min 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (300KB) ( 173 )   Save Since dual horizontal wells by SAGD process came into use in Fengcheng oilfield development, a series of problems were met such as serious steam breakthrough, high water cut, low production capacity, low oil?steam ratio, short horizontal?interval connected length between injection?production wells and large fluctuation of production, etc. In this paper, the production regularity during the steam chamber rising stage by SAGD process was analyzed based on the production performance pattern of dual horizontal wells. Combined with the field conditions, the regulation and control measures were taken, including optimizing the steam injection points and injection?production parameters and establishing the rational steam?liquid interface, effectively avoiding steam breakthrough or channeling, increasing the connected length and speeding up the steam chamber rising or vertical expansion by continuous increasing the amount of steam injection rate,which allowed the production effect in pilot area to be substantially enhanced. The daily oil production rate reaches 320 t, with the daily single well production rate from 17 t to 28 t and the average oil?steam ratio from 0.19 to 0.31, achieving the designed target of this project.These measures for injection?production regulation and control lay a solid technical foundation for wide industrial application of SAGD in this area in the future Related Articles | Metrics

Paramaters Optimization of Different Production Stages by DualHorizontal Well SAGD Process for SuperHeavy Oil Reservoir SUN Xingea, HE Wanjuna, HU Xiaobob, WU Yongqiangc, ZHANG Jianhuab, ZHANG Weid 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (300KB) ( 193 )   Save Taking the shallow super?heavy oil reservoir in Fengcheng oilfield developed by dual?horizontal well SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) process in pilot test area as an example, combined with tracking numerical simulation, in accordance with the characteristics of steam chamber operating pressure，production?injection ratio and development characteristics of steam chamber, the starting stage and production stage of the SAGD are subdivided into such six stages as uniform?pressure heat circulation, balanced pressurization heat circulation, early stage of switching to SAGD, SAGD production at high?pressure, SAGD stable production and SAGD depletion production, and the conditions of each stage conversion are proposed. According to the production performance of the dual?horizontal well SAGD pilot test area, the injection?production parameters at each stage are optimized, which could be served as technical references for the dual?horizontal well SAGD in similar reservoirs Related Articles | Metrics

Damages of Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs with UltraLow Water Saturation YOU Lijun, XIE Ting, KANG Yili 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (300KB) ( 198 )   Save With the development of tight gas, traditional capillary?equilibrium theory that initial water saturation is almost equal to irreducible water saturation is questioned. Taking the typical tight gas reservoirs in northern Ordos basin and western Sichuan basin for examples, their well logs, sealed coring and core lab analyses indicate that the initial water saturation is lower than the irreducible water saturation,namely, there exists ultra?low water saturation for such a reservoir. The reservoirs with low initial water saturation have high spontaneous imbibition potential, leading to the increase of water saturation nearby the wellbore and fractures, and the decrease of gas permeability, which is water phase trapping damage. The analysis of well logging data and the gas transfer experiments show that water phase trapping damage could induce fluid sensitivity damage and aggravate stress sensitivity damage. Water phase trapping impairs gas permeability nearby the wellbore and fractures, prevents from the gas production, obtains low gas saturation from well logging, no gas rate during the well test, and causes to undervalue such a gas reservoir. It is crucial for effective development of tight gas with abnormal low water saturation nearby the wellbore and fractures to prevent from capillary imbibition and aqueous retention Related Articles | Metrics

Gas Condensate Phase Behavior in Process of Cyclic Gas Injection JIAO Yuwei1, XIE Wei2, DI Baozhi3, LIANG Tao1, LIU Liwei2 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (300KB) ( 222 )   Save Fluid composition, temperature, porous media, and non?equilibrium effect are the main factors affecting dew?point pressure. In process of gas injection development of gas condensate reservoir, the fluid composition in formation is of great difference in distribution due to sweep efficiency effect. Before cyclic gas injection or during depletion development, the fluid in formation appears gas phase behavior when the formation pressure is higher than the dew?point pressure, and such a fluid could be approximately regarded as a gas phase behavior. Under the cyclic gas injection, the change of the fluid composition in the formation is very complicated, and the fluid phase behavior will change with fluid composition, formation pressure and temperature. Based on the theory of equation of state, the typical fluid samples from a real gas condensate reservoir are selected in this paper, three changing trends of phase behavior in the process of cyclic dry gas injection are presented, and the PVT test results from the real samples are compared. Finally, the distribution characteristics of dew?point pressure is given, integrated with studies of simulation and calculation for the gas condensate reservoir Related Articles | Metrics

Gas Condensate Phase Behavior in Process of Cyclic Gas Injection JIAO Yuwei1, XIE Wei2, DI Baozhi3, LIANG Tao1, LIU Liwei2 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (300KB) ( 159 )   Save Fluid composition, temperature, porous media, and non?equilibrium effect are the main factors affecting dew?point pressure. In process of gas injection development of gas condensate reservoir, the fluid composition in formation is of great difference in distribution due to sweep efficiency effect. Before cyclic gas injection or during depletion development, the fluid in formation appears gas phase behavior when the formation pressure is higher than the dew?point pressure, and such a fluid could be approximately regarded as a gas phase behavior. Under the cyclic gas injection, the change of the fluid composition in the formation is very complicated, and the fluid phase behavior will change with fluid composition, formation pressure and temperature. Based on the theory of equation of state, the typical fluid samples from a real gas condensate reservoir are selected in this paper, three changing trends of phase behavior in the process of cyclic dry gas injection are presented, and the PVT test results from the real samples are compared. Finally, the distribution characteristics of dew?point pressure is given, integrated with studies of simulation and calculation for the gas condensate reservoir Related Articles | Metrics

Influence of Water Sensitivity on Relative Permeability in Loose Sandstone Gas Reservoir CHEN Zhaohui1, DENG Yong2 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (300KB) ( 181 )   Save By analysis of pore volume change caused by clay mineral swelling, the dynamic model for characteristic parameters of pore microscopic structure is developed. The relative permeability under different clay contents and water invading time is simulated using 3D pore network model for the purpose of quantitative evaluation of the influence of water sensitivity on relative permeability. The experiment indicated that in the process of development of loose sandstone gas reservoir in Sebei gas field, the invasion of formation water may causeclay mineral swelling, affecting the fluid percolation and flowing characteristics in the reservoir. The relative permeability curve will shift to the right and the seepage zone of the two?phase fluids will become smaller, and the influence of formation water on the reservoir is greater than that of clean water Related Articles | Metrics

Using Orthogonal Experimental Design to Determine Reasonable ReserveProduction Ratio for MultiConfiguration Oilfields WANG Luchun 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (300KB) ( 179 )   Save The reserve?production ratio (RPR) is an important index to reflect the reserves guarantee degree of a country, a region or an oilfield. By analysis of RPR, we can judge whether an oilfield is sustainable for development or not, and whether its resources succeeding is in virtuous circle. In this paper, the relationship between RPR and production decline amplitude or recoverable reserves variation is analyzed and the RPR variation of multi?configuration oilfield is presented. On the basis of the production decline amplitudes and reserve?production equilibrium coefficient changing ranges of different configuration oilfields, the reasonable RPR changing ranges of the oilfield that satisfies some quantity of output scale are determined using orthogonal experimental design principle Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Thermophile Hydrocarbon Degradation of Rhodococcus equi. and Its Oil Displacement Effect XIE Ying1, FU Bufei2, WANG Ping2, ZHAO Jing2, MEI Xiaodan2 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (300KB) ( 175 )   Save A hydrocarbon?degrading and biosurfactant?producing bacterium was screened out from contaminated soil in Tarim oilfield. The bacterial strain named BIT?BS001 was identified as Rhodococcus equi. by the morphology, physiology?biochemistry experiments and 16SrDNA sequence analysis. The optimal temperature, pH and salinity values for its growth were 40℃, 7.0 and 2%, respectively. Also, BIT?BS001 was able to germinate at 55℃ utilizing the crude oil or paraffin as the sole carbon source, and by which the degradation rate of crude oil could reach to 62% and paraffin to 37% in 50 h. Analysis of crude oil degradation by GC suggested that the crude oil composition and physiochemical property were changed and improved. The biosurfactant produced by BIT?BS001 was primarily identified as rhamnolipid based on IR and HPLC analyses, by which the surface tension could be decreased from 61.0 to 30.1 mN/m in fermented liquid medium,with the efficiency of oil displacement of 74% based on the physical model experiments. The composition analyses indicate that the BIT?BS001 bacterial strain has a good application prospecting in both microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and polluted environment biore?mediation Related Articles | Metrics

A New Method for Determining Dynamic Reserves and Water Influx in Water Drive Gas Reservoir HU Junkun1, LI Xiaoping1, JING Wei2a, XIAO Qiang2b 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (300KB) ( 210 )   Save Based on the non?stabilized well test data in the early stage of water drive gas reservoir without water production, combined with the present production performance, this paper determines the current gas permeability by means of gas binomial deliverability equation of gas?water two?phase stationary flow, by which gives the current water saturation in terms of gas?water relative permeability curves in this reservoir, and then using material balance principle of water influx, establishes the relationship between the water influx and the dynamic reserves. Integrating this relationship with the material balance equation of water drive gas reservoir, the dynamic reserves and the current water influx of such a reservoir can be determined finally. The case study indicates that this new method is accurate and practical by avoiding complicated calculations of water influx Related Articles | Metrics

A Calculation Model for Wellbore Heat Loss and Pressure Drop Considering Steam Phase State Changing in Superheated Steam Injection Well SHI Yaoli1, DU Dianfa2, LIU Qingmei1, CHEN Ruhe1, WANG Shichao1 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (300KB) ( 213 )   Save Based on the mass and momentum conservation equations of wellbore fluid and the energy conservation equations of fluid and formation, a calculation model considering the steam phase state changing from single phase flow to gas?liquid two phase flow of non?isothermal wellbore heat loss and pressure drop is established, by which the hydrodynamic phenomena and the heat transform in the superheated steam injection well are described. The hydrodynamic and thermal on?way parameters during superheated and wet steam injection are analyzed, and the sensitivity studies of the steam sand?face thermal parameters are conducted. The simulation results show that the pressure drop and temperature drop of the superheated steam injection are greater than those of wet steam injection, but the steam quality drop is smaller so that more quantity of heat can arrive the well bottom; the increase of the wellhead overheated temperature is favorable for the increase of the well bottom stream quality; as the injection pressure increases, the steam quality of well bottom may decrease; as the steaminjection rate increases, the steam pressure and heat loss rate of well bottom may gradually decrease, and the temperature and the steam quality may gradually increase Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Reasonable Well Spacing of Horizontal Well in Low Permeability Reservoir by Water Drive Process WANG Quanlin, LIAO Xinwu, ZHAO Xiujuan, LIU Jie, CHEN Yongjun, LI Gong, ZHOU Zijun 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (300KB) ( 189 )   Save Using Injection?production system of horizontal wells in low permeability reservoirs by water drive process can solve many problems from vertical wells, such as small well spacing and limited well?controlling reserves, etc., hence obtaining good economic benefits. At present, the mature method for calculation of reasonable injection?production well spacing is not yet found for such a kind of reservoirs by adopting horizontal well to run water flood development. Based on oil?water two?phase flow, non?piston drive and oil production, this paper proposes a new method for determination of such a reasonable well spacing by using the two?phase flow mathematical expression, regarding the sum of water flooding front and injector distance and well drainage pressure swept distance as basis of the reasonable well spacing by mathematical derivation. The case study shows that the relationship between the reasonable well spacing and the permeability is well simulated by power function, and the horizontal well spacing is much longer than the vertical well spacing Related Articles | Metrics

Seismic Data Acquisition Technologies and Effects Applied to Complex Region in Southern Margin of Junggar Basin LI Xianmin, YANG Wanxiang, HUANG Kai 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (300KB) ( 156 )   Save Tianshan piedmont depression belt in southern margin of Junggar basin is of peculiar surface and underground geologic conditions, so its seismic prospecting is very difficult. In recent years, with the deepening of available data understanding, a set of field seismic data acquisition technologies suitable for the southern margin are summed up. They are: the fine reconnaissance and remote sensing supporting line selection, the surface structural modeling supported by micro?logging, flexible shooting and receiver, wide line and long array observation as well as lighting analysis?based observation system. Using these technologies in Dushanzi area of the southern margin, the data showing real strata structural forms and inner structures are obtained Related Articles | Metrics

Inversion Based on Markov Chain and MonteCarlo Method and Application in Reservoir Prediction HUANG Zhenkai1, LI Zhandong2, LIANG Jinzhong1, HOU Meifang1 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (300KB) ( 246 )   Save The main principle of inversion procedure is presented based on the Markov chain and Monte?Carlo method (MCMC). Three key links, such as homogenization of logging data, seismic wavelet acquisition, synthetic seismogram and structural modeling and constraint MCMC inversion, are highlighted. The applied results indicate that using this method can improve the accurate degree of identification of sand body in thin sand?mud interbed and enrich the details of sand?body distribution in two flanks on fault. Also, this method is helpful to get an exact location to the boundary of channel sand and determine the contact relationship between the major sand bodies, hence providing basis for tapping potential of the remaining oil and well pattern structural adjustment in late period of an oilfield development Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Reservoir Numerical Simulation Technology to Shale Gas Development ZHANG Yuandi1, YU Gaoming1, ZHAO Hui1, NIE Xiaomin1, WANG Junmin2 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (300KB) ( 202 )   Save Based on the existing knowledge of numerical simulation technology for oil reservoir, the investigation of new advances of the technology of shale gas reservoirs abroad are conducted, by which the outlook or prospect of the technological application in domestic shale gas development is made. The investigation results show that exact characterization of the complicated fracture network system composed of natural cracks and hydraulic fractures and the shale gas seepage feature is the key to well accomplishment of such a gas reservoir simulation. Natural fracture permeability, matrix?crack coupling factor, hydraulic fracture parameters are the factors that are most sensitive to the shale gas reservoir productivity simulation as the adjustable parameters in history matching. Making shale gas reservoir numerical simulation can provide the beneficial reference for prediction of the shale gas well production performance, remaining shale gas reserves distribution, infill drilling, hydraulic fracturing and secondary fracturing operation, etc Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study on Deposition Regulation in Oil Gathering Pipeline by ASP Flooding Process WEI Lixin1, PANG Renshan1, ZHUGE Xianglong2, WANG Zhihua1 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (300KB) ( 271 )   Save The characteristics of produced liquid by ASP flooding process include high wax content, high viscosity, serious emulsification and great amount of mechanical admixtures and clay particles. With temperature decreasing during the transportation process in oil gathering pipeline, these materials may be continuously precipitated, thus causing serious deposition problem to surface oil gathering system. In this paper, the composition and deposition regulation of precipitated materials in oil gathering pipelines of Daqing oilfield are studied bylab experiments. The results show that the precipitated material is black and viscous mixture mainly composed of wax. And the influencing factors are polymer concentration, oil gathering temperature, water cut and flow velocity, etc. The precipitating velocity increases with the increasing of polymer concentration and decreases with the increasing of oil gathering temperature, water cut and flow velocity. This study provides the theoretical foundations to take preventive and control measures for forming precipitated materials in oil gathering pipeline by ASP flooding process. It is of important significance for insuring the safe production and operation in oil gathering pipeline Related Articles | Metrics

Technology for Plugging of Hu2 Well in Gas Storage, Hutubi Gas Field, Junggar Basin LENG Xi, XU Delu, DENG Yi, XU Zhiyong 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (300KB) ( 169 )   Save Hu?2 Well, a discovery well of the Hutubi gas field, was of complex wellbore configuration and found that there was fish in the well. The construction of Hutubi gas storage needed the plugging of several old wells similar to Hu?2 Well. So, the effective plugging of Hu?2 Well was the key of the reconstructing underground gas storage in Hutubi field. According to the geological conditions, combined with the engineering requirements, the successful plugging in this well is all gained by using ultra?fine cement slurry system and G?level micro expansion cement slurry for gas production layer, barrier layer and wellbore, respectively Related Articles | Metrics

A Review of Oil Sands CAO Peng1, ZOU Weihong1, DAI Chuanrui1, CHANG Shaoying1, HU Fang2, MO Jianzhen3 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (300KB) ( 330 )   Save The global energy shortage today makes the unconventional energy resources development be more and more focused, the oil sands development is one of them. In this paper, the oil sands researches in the world are reviewed in terms of the definition, origin, distribution, development history, mining technology, extraction and separation technologies of oil sands, oil sands mining and related environment problem, as well as oil sands prospects, etc, dominated by introduction of the distribution and mining technologies of oil sands. It is advocated that the development of oil sands should follow the ideas of“green”and“low carbon”so as to provide useful and valuable experiences for near?future oil?sand development in China Related Articles | Metrics

Application of GasLiquid Two Phase Choke Flow Regression Model to Flowing Wells Production Design in North Troyes Oilfield SHI Shanzhi, LIU Yang, YU Huiyong, LIU Congping, LI Jie 2012, 33 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (300KB) ( 148 )   Save North Troyes oilfield is located in the eastern margin of Caspian seashore basin, in which the wells have long flowing production stage, and optimal selection of choke size is of important significance for optimum production of the oilfield in this stage. The theory of gas-liquid two?phase choke flow is much more complicated than the single?phase choke flow, so empirical formula is generally used for the well flowing analysis. But the conventional empirical formula has big error in application due to the neglection of the water cut and the close correlation with fluid property and field conditions. In this paper, the new empirical model from actual production data regression is given. The comprehensive evaluation coefficient of the model is better than those from other empirical formulas, so this model is much closer to the oil?field production performance. Also, because the water cut influence is considered in the model, the well flowing choke design is more accordant with the development indices Related Articles | Metrics