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01 June 2001, Volume 22 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Mineralized Hydrothermal Liquid and Petroleum Generation GUO Zhan-qian 2001, 22 (3):  181-184.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (254KB) ( 273 )   Save Hydrothermal deposits are usually distributed in association with oil and gas fields. In the China's crude, there are many mineralized elements whose content are twice of the average content of the China's continental crust, with 38 in Xinjiang crude (accounting for 64.41% of the elements detected),35 in Liaohe oil (accounting for 77.77%), 35 in Daqing oil (accounting for 58.33%),16 in Dagang oil(accounting for 28.07%) respectively. This is caused energy carried in mineralized thermal liquid over 3509C and the mineralized elements from the deep portion of the earth. When mineralized thermal liquid and the organic matter meet and react with each Other,the temperature Prompted transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbon matters while the mineralized elements enhanced combination of more carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms in the Organic matter, and accelerated the process of transformation from organic matter to hydrocarbons and enhanced transformation. The hydrocarbon compounds generated by catalysis of mineralized thermal liquids are rich in mineralized elements,which resulted in the fact that the hydrothermal deposits are adjacently distributed with oil and gas fields. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dominant Factors of Trap Formation and Their Distribution Charateristics in Tarim Basin CHEN Zi-yuan 2001, 22 (3):  185-188.  Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (247KB) ( 273 )   Save The types of traps in Tarim Basin are abundant. Several groups of structural belts or structural trap zones in Tarim basin are formed under the influence of Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian-Indo-China, Yanshan-Himalayan orogeny respectively. Non-structural traps such as formation truncation, formation overlapping pinchout, lithology, factes-changing belt, salt-body marginal depression and infilling etc. are the result of sedimentation, diagenesis, unconformity under the specific regional tectonic settings. During the prolonged time of evolution, through multistage structural activities, large palaeohighs, palaeoslopes and geotectogene were formed, which underwent horizontal and vertical structural migration, superposition and reconstruction, providing favorable geological settings for formation of multi-type non-structural traps. Combination traps are the result of joint control of tectonic activities and sedimentation. As the uplifts migrated constantly in horizontal direction, the depositional body varied with them, and the upper formations suffered from intense corrosion, while accumulating and packing in the flanks and lower parts of the uplifts, forming structural, unconformity, stratigraphic pinchout and lithological traps. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Formation and Oil and Gas Accumulation Pattern in Kuche Depression Tarim Basin WANG Zhen-hua 2001, 22 (3):  189-191.  Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (170KB) ( 338 )   Save Commercial hydrocarbon nows have been obtained in five series of strata (formations) in Kuche Depression, leading to the discovery of multiple large reservoirs. In terms of hydrocarbon sources conditions, trap conditions, reservoir-cap combinations and preservation conditions, the paper made a systematic analysis on the reservoir formation and evolution in Kuche foreland basin, and pointed out that there exist a large variety of reservoir types,hydrocarbon bearing intervials, which are mostly distributed along the faulted surface and unconformable surfaces. Hydrocarbon ac- cumulation is controlled by tectonic framework, regional cap formation, faults and unconformable surfaces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tectonic Evolution and Oil-Gas Exploration During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in Liupanshan Basin YANG Fu-zhong, HU She-rong 2001, 22 (3):  192-195.  Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (265KB) ( 254 )   Save Liupanshan district is situated on the Qinling-Qilian tectonic transformational area,with its predominant geotectonic position. However, since the vast area of Lipanshan district is covered by Cretaceous and Tertiary, study has been conducted on its peripheral districts outside the covered area, but little has been done on the basement characteristics and structtures inside the covered area. In recent years, such geophysical prospecting methods as gravity, electronic,seismic and geologic remote sensing have been carried out to reveal the great deal of geologic tectonic features and information of evolution in this area. On such basis, the paper discussed the deposits composition, basement tectoniccharacteristics, tectonic evolution since Mesozoic, source rock distribution and maturity etc, suggesting the hydrocarbon exploration prospect and favorable exploration areas in this district. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Distribution Peculiarity of Deep-Buried Volcanic Reservoirs LUO Qun, LIU Wei-fu, ZHENG De-shan 2001, 22 (3):  196-198.  Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (199KB) ( 273 )   Save Deep-buried volcanic reservoirs, which are different from sedimentary reservoirs, are characterized by special formation environment and distribution: with high temperature and high pressure. Volcanic reservoirs, which are inversely correlated with the thickness of volcanic rocks, have better reservoir properties than the clastic reservoirs, and the porosity and Permeability of reservoirs are less influenced by their buried depth. These reservoirs are predominant-lycontrolled by lithological factors, with the most favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zone located in the thinning belt of volcanic rocks towards sedimentary rocks. Undoubtedly, such distribution peculiarity of deep-buried Volcanic reservoirs can contribute to the discovery of similar reservoirs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Control of Decoupled Decollement Structures on Petroliferous Basins—Examples from Tertiary fault—depression bed of Bohai Bay and Jurassic fault—depression basin in Yanji, Xinjiang WU Fu-qiang, HU Xue, MA Qiang, ZHANG De-chao 2001, 22 (3):  199-201.  Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (153KB) ( 285 )   Save This paper presented the concept of decoupled decollement structures and continental expanding mode under the expanding system, with examples from Tertiary fault-depression basin of Bohai Bay and Jurassic fault-depression basin in Yanji. It is focused on the control function of expanding function on the basin formation and evolution, development of sedimentary systems,various static key factors and dynamic procedure of petroleum systems. It is suggested that oil and gas are inherently correlated with decoupled structures directly or indirectly and are associated in generation and formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tectonic Framework and Stucutral Patterns in Peripheral Eastern Junggar Basin HAN Xiao-li, Ayiguli, WU Jing-hua, Qiqige 2001, 22 (3):  202-205.  Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (384KB) ( 222 )   Save Based on the study on the regional structure in peripheral areas in eastern Junggar Basin, the authors identified that the study area are dominated by the north-west trending fault system in late Hercynian orogeny, northeast bending fault system in the Indo-China-Yanshan movement and pro-east-west trending fault system in Himalayan movement. In addition, it also made discussions on formation and distribution of three ty pes fault systems. According to the tectonic history in the region and extent of tectonic involvement, the tectonic styles here are classified into two major categories, namely, basement involvement and cap formation involvement, with & subtypes. The paper also indicated formation, evolution and distribution of different types OI teeton1c styles. Lastly, with view to the evolution characteristics and development history of the basin,the paper made discussion on the basis and evidence of the control of structures over oil generation, and demonstrated that the hydrocarbon Preservation condition, hydrocarbon resource amount per u- nit and evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks in the north and east of the study area are at a disadvantage comparing with those of Jimsar sag. It is concluded that the basement involvement structural type is the dominant factor affecting the oil and gas accumulation and distribution in this area,and that Jimsar sag should be a practical district for exploration at present in the study area, and Hongqi fault block, Jizhong anticline ought to become the target for near-future exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Hydrocarbon-Bearing Property of Qiaoxiaoergai Structural Belt in Northern Bachu Arch in Tarim Basin CHEN Han-jun, DUAN Tie-jun, ZHOU Ling-fang, HAN Ping, ZENG Tao 2001, 22 (3):  206-207.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (167KB) ( 185 )   Save On the basis of analysis on the regional evolution history,seismic factes and sedimentary factes of Qiaoxiaoergai structural belt in Northern Bachu arch,the paper pointed out that Cambrian-Ordovician is located in the local palaeohigh of the platform and its frontslope reef flat factes and slump sedimentary factes, and since the Cambrian-Or-dovician epoch,it has been a favorable orientational zone for oil and gas migration. It also made an analysis on the favorable and unfavorable factors for formation of reservoirs and recommended the target zones for exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Splicing Technology 0f Seismic Survey Lines LOU Bin, ZHENG Hong-ming, JIANG Li 2001, 22 (3):  208-210.  Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (277KB) ( 193 )   Save Seismic survey lines which are operated from different seismic sources and under different conditions can be jointed together quite well using the wavelet Processing and wavelet shaping technologies in combination with matched filtering. This method has basically solved some conspicuous problems present in processing of spliced objects, including closure error of factes in spliced section, unification of the processed profile wavelets and conformity of relative correlation and polarity of the amplitude. The technique can provide true and reliable seismic spliced profiles for seismic data interpretation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Seismic Prospecting Method of Enhancing the Deep Zone Resolution and Its Effect-a case study from Tarim basin WANG En-hua, HU Jian-qiang 2001, 22 (3):  211-212.  Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (196KB) ( 147 )   Save Deep-well survey method is first applied to observe the seismic wavelet signals energized by multi-type explosives and charges. The paper made a great deal of quantitative and qualitative analysis and directly calculated correlation between the energy of seismic waves and amount of charges while carrying out some investigation upon the law of attenuation in low subweathered zone and high-velocity zone. On such basis, the new reflection and transmission coefficient spectrum theory based on the fundamental unit of a single individual thin layer and synthetic method with regard to geological settings were applied to make and analyze record of the model. The optimum energized powder-type and content were determined, in addition to a great deal of in-depth argumentation over the design, which applied maximum receiving parameters. Significant effect has been achieved using this approach in the Practical application in Tarim basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis On Oil Sources and Reservoir Formation of Well Lu 9 in Luliang Uplife in Junggar Basin WANG Xu-long, YANG Hai-ho, KANG Su-fang, ZHANG Yue-qian, JIA Xi-yu 2001, 22 (3):  213-216.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (256KB) ( 216 )   Save According to the geochemical features, regional structural development history and the comprehensive geological-geochemical analysis on the basin simulation result,it is identified that the crude oil in Well Lu 9 mainly came from the source rocks of Fengcheng formation and Lower Wuerhe formation in the Well Pen 1 west sag and is dominated by the latter. It is suggested that the reservoir of Xishanyao formation was formed under remigration after the allochthonous reservoir was destroyed during the end of early Cretaceous and Tertiary,while the reservoir in Toutunhe formation were formed in twofold with the first autochthonous oil generation occuring at Middle-Late Jurassic in Fengcheng formation,and the second during the end of early Cretaceous to late Cretaceous in Lower Wuerhe formation, while the Cretaceous reservoir was formed under remigration after the Tertiary allochthonous two -stage reservoir had been destroyed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Discussions on Upper Sinian Turbidite Fan Deposition and Its Origin of Southwestern Margin in Tarim Basin LUO Shun-she, GAO Zhen-zhong 2001, 22 (3):  217-220.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (366KB) ( 234 )   Save Careful observation of the field profiles and detailed study on the lithology of the Upper Sinian Kurkak formation in the southwestern margin of Tarim basin indicated that typical turbidaite system is well developed in this formation, with the Bouma sequences and sole structure of turbidite deposit characteristics. The turbidte sequence was formed in the deep-Water turbidite fan environment, which is classified into outer fan factes, mid fan-leaf facies, mid-fan channel factes and mid-fan inter-channel overbank facies. The paper pointed out that scarce of turbidite deposits in the study area mainly came from shore sand, and that the intence faulting effect in Late Sinian was the key factor that triggered the turbidite flow. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Reservoir Prediction Technology in Development of Sha 'nan Oilfield XU Chang-fu, HUANG Xiao-ping, FAN Chang-jiang, YAO Peng-xiang 2001, 22 (3):  221-223.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (217KB) ( 226 )   Save Long-term development practices showed that the development of lithological reservoir had been risky. The main reason is the uncertainty of the distribution prediction for the favorable lithology. The paper made an attempt to carry out study on the lateal reservoir predictions by applying such methods as impedance inversion of well-constraint waves, seismic factes analysis and reservoir parameter prediction with view to structural lithological reservoir in Wutonggou formation of Sha nan oilfield formed under the turbidite fan depositional environment, and pointed out the distribution range of the turbidite sandbody. Through practical development,it is proved that the prediction result is reliable. This indicates that integrated application of multiple reservoir prediction methods play an important role in accurate prediction of lithological reservoirs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

study on Water Displacement Curve—the 8th in series YU Qi-tai 2001, 22 (3):  224-228.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (938KB) ( 293 )   Save The paper continued with the previous study and collected and introduced 10 relationships on water dis- placement curves, adding the total to 50. Among these 10 proposed relationships, for Ordinary water-flooding oilfield, No.45 water displacement curve is more valuable,with its fw-R* relation curve being concave—shaped, and it is more convenient and easier to acquire the solution of the curve parameters. No.41, 47,48 and No.50 curves are all generalized curves among which No.41 (namely WANG Jun-kui water, displacement curve) has more practical value while No.50 has a certain applicable value. No.47 curve is more complicated to solve for the parameters, while No.48 has a very rare water-displacement characteristics, and is of little practical value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Reaidual on Distribution in Test Area of Combination Drive in Gudong Oilfiedld HOU Jian, ZHANG Yi-gen, JIANG Zhi-fu 2001, 22 (3):  229-231.  Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (236KB) ( 180 )   Save Study of residual oil distribution is the foundation and key factor to formulation of combination drive reservoir engineering projects. Based primarily on, the result of reservoir numerical simulation, combining the geological integrated analysis, production Performance data, monitoring data and reservoir engineering methods, the paper made asystematic study on the Planar, inter-layer and in-layer water flooded condition in the test areas of the west Ng54, Ng55 and Ng61 formations in District No.7 in Gudong oilfield, as well as the regularity of residual oil distribution here. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advance Water Injection—An important Appraoch for Development of Low Permeability Pools LI Liang, HU Jian-guo, YAN Ji-hui 2001, 22 (3):  232-234.  Abstract ( 168 )   PDF (177KB) ( 368 )   Save In order to improve the reservoir development effect of Triassic Yanchang formation in Changqing oil-field and enhance the producing to proven reserves ratio,based on the corresponding oil field development experiences at home and abroad, the authors have, through much investigation and practices, discovered a new method of improving the single-well production and developing the ultra-low permeability oilfield effectively,namely the water-drive development method of advance water injection, injectionfirst, then recovery, to compensate the formation energy properly and to crease the formation pressure,thus maintaining a relatively high formation energy and strong productivity of the oil wells in a long period, and minimizing the production decline. Meanwhile, this method can prevent the physical property of the crude from turning bad, ensure the open conduit of oil flow channel, expand the sweep volume of injected water effectively and eventually maximize the development economic benefit of the ultra-low permeability reservoirs in . Triassic Yanchang formation in Changqing oilfield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Some Dynamic Problems on Bottom Water Coning During High Water Cut Stage in Sandstone Bottom-Water Reservoir ZHU Zhong-qian, CHENG Lin-song 2001, 22 (3):  235-237.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (392KB) ( 237 )   Save In Tarim oilfield, there exist a great number of sand bottom-water reservoirs, where the output accounts for a large proportion of the total amount. At present most bottom-water reservoirs are experiencing significant bottom water coning, rapid increase of water-cut, serious production decline and great difficulty in maintaining the stablilized prodction. Therefore it is of vital to know accurately the water coning behavior. This paper made an in-depth study on some problems of reservoir performances which are researchers concerned most, such as: calculation of water coning scale,calculation of water-flooded volume of bottom- water reservoirs and calculation of volumetric sweep efficiency of the bottom-water reservoir etc. We also provided a practical calculation method for field application. Calculation made for a certain Tarim oilfield demonstrated that the results calculated in this way are reasonable and reliable,the method used is correct, and can accurately represent the practical performances of the oilfield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

High-Efficiency Development Technology of Menggulin conventional Viscous on conglomerate Reservoirs XIA Xin, WANG Qun-chao, WANG Bao-xin, HUANG Zhen 2001, 22 (3):  238-240.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (222KB) ( 218 )   Save Conglomerate, reservoirs. in Menggulin are under-saturated bottom-water reservoirs. Development of such reservoirs proved to be difficult due to small oil-bearing formation thickness, high oil-water viscosity ratio and significant reservoir heterogeneity and the whole development process is characterized by short-term water-free oil production period rapid increase of total water-cut, and rapid decline of production rate. On the basis of in-depth study of reservoir geological characteristics and dynamic features, in view of development characteristics at different stages, the authors adopted development techniques and adjusting measures with strong aims and achieve the goal of reducing the water-cut increase speed, enhancing the swept volume of injected water and restraining the bottom-water coning. In the recent 10 years, the reservoir development has reached a high level after comprehensive application of various development technologies. The paper also reviewed in detail the development adjusting technologies for such reservoirs, providing valuable experiences for development of similar reservoirs in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study On Reasonable Oil Recovers Rate in Low Permeability Reservoir in Baobei Block in Yanqi Basin WANG Juan-ru, JIN Xiao-jun, HU Xin-bo, QU Jian-shan 2001, 22 (3):  241-243.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (198KB) ( 239 )   Save By using traditional calculation methods with practical field development data and numerical simulation method, reasonable oil production rate was predicted for the oil field. Based on data of low-permeability fields across the country,the correlation of oil recovery rate, formation flow coefficient and well spacing density was Obtained and oil-recovery rate prediction chart was plotted. With these methods,we compared the reasonable oil recovery rate in Baobei area in Yanqi basin and concluded that, under the current well spacing conditions, the reasonable oil recovery rate of Ⅱ formation and Ⅲ1 subzone in Baobei Block should be 2% and 2.5% respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of Different Injection Gas on Condensate Gas Phase State GUO Ping, LI Shi-lun, SUN Lei, SUN Liang-tian 2001, 22 (3):  244-246.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (227KB) ( 218 )   Save The biggest problem in the development process of condensate gas reservoirs is the condensate loss resulted from the fact that the formation pressure is lower than the dew point. Gas injection is a good method of preventing the condensate from precipitating and improving the oil recovery factor. However, so far there has been no systematic investigation on the effect of different injection media on the condensate gas facies. Taking an example from a true condensate gas reservoir and using the self-developed PVTCOG program and PR state equation, this paper studied and correlated the influence of dry-gas injection,nitrogen injection and CO2 injection on the condensate gas factes at different constant drainage stages in condensate gas reservoirs. The study showed that different gases can significantly affect the dew point of condensate gas, condensate saturation and recovery factor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Establishment and Study on Transitional Water Displacement Curve GAO Wen-jun, LIU Yue-qiang, WANG Zuo-jin, LIU Ying 2001, 22 (3):  247-250.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (545KB) ( 210 )   Save On the basis of study of literature (1), the paper established the transitional water-displacement curve and derived the corresponding oil-water percolation characteristics. From these theoretical studies,it is indicated that the Wp+C and Lp+C water displacement curves are the exceptional cases when the parameter values of the transitional water displacement curves are defined at 0 and 1 respectively. However, for most water-flooding sandstone oil fields, their water-drive features are generally between the piston-like displacement and non-piston-like displacement, so we should select the transitional water displacement curve to carry out evaluation and prediction, Othewise, the predicted recoverable reserves would be lower when using Wp+C water displacement curve while higher when using the Lp+C water displacement curve and the Wp+C water displacement curve would go up and Lp+C water displacement curve would slump down at high water-cut stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Pressure-Build-up Curves in Attenuation Wells LI Fa-yin, WEI Nan-ning, ZHAO Xiao-kai 2001, 22 (3):  251-252.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (202KB) ( 196 )   Save The paper made a calculation on the 51 polymer flooding wells, infilled well patterns and oil wells of basic well patterns in Sazhong region in Daqing oilfield, applying the equation of attenuating well pressure build-up curves and the result indicated that (1) the number of wells with straight-line portion calculated with classical send-log methods account for only 23.5% of the total, while the wells with straight-line portion calculated with attenuation equation account for 98%; (2) attenuation curve equation can be not only used to determine the parameters of the stable formation permeability,but can also identify effectively the near-well bore contamination and interpret the abnormal phenomenonof formation pressure and injection to production ratio in some parts of the field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Progress in Study on Fault Sealing ZBAO Mi-fu, XIN Quan-ling, LI Ya-hui, GAO Hong-yan, XU Zhen-zhong 2001, 22 (3):  258-261.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (187KB) ( 300 )   Save The paper made a summary of the current research situation of the fault sealing and reviewed the latest progresses of mudstone contaminated area, fluid properties, temperature-pressure system, sand-mud matching, fault combination types, fault closure history, and fault sealing evaluation in study on sealing of faults, and discussed such problems which exist in the study as quantitative characterization of material daubing of fault surfaces and vertical closure of hydrocarbon etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Geological Structure and Hydrocarbon-Bearing Property of Upper Jurassic System in the Southeast of West Siberia B. A. CONTEROVICH, C. A. MOYSHEV, U. A. IVANOV, C.B. LERIKOV A 2001, 22 (3):  262-272.  Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (931KB) ( 179 )   Save Based on study on the oil resources of Upper Jurassic in West Siberia, the paper concluded that the Upper Jurassic is the most favorable zones for hydrocarbon potential in the eastern and western part of West Siberia, identifying the lithology and formation characteristics of Bathonian-Kallovian-Upper Jurassic. According to the formation attributes of the reservoirs, the oilfields have been classified into three categories, in which the reservoirs are correlated- withЮ11-1, Ю11-2 and Ю11-3, Ю11-4, respectively. The paper also made a study in the structure of a typical oilfield, indicating the major geological-geophysical bends for further expanding the regional hydrocarbon resource base. References | Related Articles | Metrics