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01 January 2019, Volume 34 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Karst Caves Feature and Main Controlling Factors in Xekar Area, Tarim Basin LI Baogang1,2, JIA Chengzao1, LI Qiming1, LIU Wei1 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (300KB) ( 287 )   Save The palaeokarst is widespread in carbonate outcrops in Xekar area of Tarim basin. In this paper, four types of palaeokarsts such as tubular?branching type, cavern group type, plate type and single?isolated type are presented. The tubular?branching palaeokarst is controlled by underground streams, like slim tube, long and thin branches, most lineally distributing in higher locations of northwestern part of Xekar anticline, and less than 3 meters apart from the top of carbonate rocks. The cavern group palaeokarst is controlled by ground water tables and underground streams, like a sheet, distributing in the higher positions of the northwestern and central north of the anticline, easily filled by calcites and fluorites. The plate type is controlled by along?layer?corrosing interlayer water, mostly found in the central south part of it, or linearly occurring in the cliffs of both sides of ravine, relatively lower in position, with distance larger than 10 meters from the top of the carbonate rocks, and normally filled by rust or light green siltstone or clastic rock. The single?isolated type is controlled by faults and fractures, appearing funnel shape or inverted funnel shape in cross section, dispersely distributing and found in lower part of the anticline Related Articles | Metrics

Donghe Sandstone Unconformity Complex and OilGas Distribution in Tazhong40 Oilfield in Tarim Basin XU Huaimin1, XU Yin1, NIU Yujie2, SHE Jiaofeng2, WANG Peijun2, LI Meng 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (300KB) ( 265 )   Save By using the seismic, well logging and drilling information, the Donghe sandstone unconformity complex in Tazhong?40 oilfield of Tarim basin is divided into homogeneous section, upper cross?bedding section and conglomeratic sandstone section, identifying the bottom unconformity of the conglomeratic sandstone section, establishing the unconformity complex sequence and lithologic structure classification, by which the porosity, permeability and oil saturation of strata with different sequential structures in the complex are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the structures of the sequence stratigraphy of Donghe sandstone unconformity complex include Type?I1 and I2 with local Type?I4, the lithological structure belongs to Sub?Type?I2 and II2. The underlying transgressive systems tract (TST) of the unconformity complex is dominated by sand sediment, with high porosity and permeability as well as relatively poor oil saturation; the highstand systems tract (HST) is dominated by sandstone sediment, with relatively high porosity, permeability and oil saturation, developing a set of mudstone and siltstone barrier on the top of it, and fault?unconformity sheltered and fault?anticline reservoirs. The overlying lowstand systems tract (LST) of the unconformity complex is characterized by sand?mud interbedded sediments, with relatively high porosity, permeability and oil saturation, mainly developing fault?lithologic reservoir. Its TST is characterized by arenaceous mudstone, poor porosity and permeability, and medium oil saturation, mainly developing fault?lithologic reservoir Related Articles | Metrics

Preliminary Study onThreeElementsModel for Shale Gas Accumulatio WANG Yaqing 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (300KB) ( 199 )   Save Shale gas reservoir is essentially a special type of natural gas reservoir made up of shale when free gas and adsorbed gas are in the state of dynamic equilibrium. The free gas in fracture?cavity and pores of shale beds is easily lost in the case of poor storage conditions, and the adsorbed gas can change into free gas and be lost too, which depends on the dynamic equilibrium of these gases. Many years’practices for shale gas exploration prove that thick dark shale may not form shale gas reservoir. A shale gas reservoir requires three reservoirforming elements: gas source rock, gas reservoir and cover. The organic combination of the three elements forms the“three?elements”model for shale gas accumulation. The shale gas exploration in China is still in an early stage. There are many problems to be solved. With the advances in science and technology as well as continuous probes, the shale gas exploration and development in China is believed to make greater achievements in the future Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics and Key Controlling Factors for OilGas Accumulation of Neogene Shawan Reservoir in Chepaizi Swell, Junggar Basin XU Changsheng1, DU Shekuan2, HUANG Jianliang1, SHAO Guoliang2, CHEN Jian1, LI Hong1 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (300KB) ( 311 )   Save Based on the study of reservoir characteristics and key controlling factors for oil?gas accumulation in Neogene Shawan formation in Chepaizi swell of Junggar basin, it is considered that the Shawan reservoir located in the central?eastern Chepaizi swell is dominated by lots of small?scale fault?blocks and fault block?lithological light?oil pools, and distributed in the second member of Shawan formation; while the northwestern part of the swell is dominated by a small quantity of large?scale lithological heavy?oil reservoirs which are mainly distributed in the first member of Shawan formation. Sandbodies, faults and traps of the second member are the main factors controlling the oil?gas accumulation, while lithological trap of the first member is the key factor of the oil?gas accumulation. The sand bodies in the second member are predominantly developed near the slope break belt with an obvious feature of reservoir controlled by the top thin sandbodies. Tensional normal fault resulted from Himalayan movement is another key controlling factor in the second member, which effectively connects Jurassic oil source in Shawan sag and deep traps in Hong?Che fault belt, and meanwhile acts as a barrier. The oil in Shawan formation originated from Jurassic source rocks in Shawan sag and mixed with some oil from deeper reservoirs. The reservoir formed during Quaternary Related Articles | Metrics

The Reservoir Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Stages of Ordovician in Aiding Area of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin DING Yong1PENG Shoutao2XIA Dongling2 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (300KB) ( 280 )   Save The karsts of the middle Caledonian and the early Hercynian are widespread in Aiding area of Tahe oilfield in Tarim basin. Of which multi?karst and cavity system were formed by three episodic rising movements of the middle Caledonian. So the reservoir of the Ordovician in this area is dominated by fracture?cavity reservoir rocks, and characterized by north?south zonation in plane and oil bearing on the whole, being remained ancient oil reservoirs with ultra?thick or ultra?heavy oil. The macroscopic analysis and microscopic characteristics show that the hydrocarbon accumulation in Aiding area was earlier, and after reservoir?forming in the late Caledonian to the early Hercynian, it entered into the process dominated by late adjustment and reconstruction Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Quantitative Restriction of Structural Evolution in the Center of Liaohe Basin CHANG Bin1,2, HE Kai2, YANG Jinfeng2 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (300KB) ( 176 )   Save The sedimentary formation in Liaohe basin is divided into the pre?strike?slip sequence, syn?strike?slip sequence and post?strikeslip sequence, according to the relation between the sedimentary formation and the strike?slip activity in the basin. The balanced cross section method is applied to initialize the three strike?slip sequences to the horizontal state before depositing and obtain the structural evolution history of Liaohe basin, based on which the typical balanced cross section is used to calculate the parameters about the magnitude, the percentage and the rate of the structural stretching in the different geologic times, so as to quantitatively describe the structural evolution process and investigate or appraise the effect of the structural events in different geologic times on the structures in the center of Liaohe basin Related Articles | Metrics

Exploration of Sangonghe Lithologic Reservoir in Baijiahai Swell of Junggar Basin ZHU Yongjin1, DU Weixing2a, ZHANG XiuLi2b, LIU Lingli3, KUANG Hao1 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (300KB) ( 203 )   Save Based on core, logging, testing and 3D seismic data, by viewpoint of“well spot analysis-combination inversion/formation thin section-sandbody interpretation model-sandstone trapped tracking-trap optimization”, this paper presents the lithological trap prediction and optimization research of the Jurassic Sangonghe formation in Baijiahai swell. And JASON sparse pulse inversion and ISIS global simulation annealing inversion are applied to develop the sandbody recognition model, by which the total 13 lithological traps have been recognized in the first member of Sangonghe formation, which are mostly distributed in southwest slope area and two sides of nose?like swell, favorable for the oil?gas accumulation. Also, based on multi?factors analysis of oil?gas accumulation control, No.8 and No.9 lithological traps are selected to be drilled at Baijia?2 and Baijia?3 wells, and good drilling results have been gained Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Carbonate Interlayer Karst Reservoir of Yingshan Formation in Tazhong Northern Slope, Tarim Basin HU Hao, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Yunfeng 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (300KB) ( 260 )   Save Large?scale interlayer karst reservoirs are well developed in the Yingshan formation in Tazhong northern slope of Tarim basin, where the depth of karstification reaches 180 m below the unconformity. But the reservoir characteristics are varied in different areas and the main?control factors are unclear, which become the bottleneck of restricting the petroleum exploration of Yingshan formation. This paper redefines the concept of interlayer karst and analyzes the characteristics of the karst reservoir in Tazhong area. In combination with the structural evolution and the sea level changes, it is suggested that the system of karst is unperfect and the large?scale caves are undeveloped, because the interlayer karst of Tazhong Yingshan formation was formed in the Caledonian II episode, with short?term outcrops, small and isolated caves, and dominant vuggy and fracture?vuggy types of reservoir. While the low dip angle of the formation when outcropping, the bedding plane and water table were almost parallel, so there existed local bed?parallel karstification, the reservoirs occurred in quasi laminar distribution and regional diachroneity. The three stages of the sea level changes and relative stagnant phase of water table resulted in 5 sets of reservoirs developed from No.1 to No.2 members of Yingshan formation. By analyzing the key controlling factors of reservoir and developing the reservoir distribution model, the favorable exploration blocks are comprehensively predicted in this paper Related Articles | Metrics

Comparison and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Oil Source Rocks in Jianggalesayi Structural Belt in Tadongnan Depression of Southeastern Tarim Basi HUANG Yuping1a, JIANG Zhenglong1a, LUO Xia2, LIU Mingyi1b, DUAN Chao1a 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (300KB) ( 207 )   Save The source rock of Yangye formation in Jianggalesayi structural belt of Tadongnan depression in southeastern Tarim basin is characterized by high organic matter abundance and maturity, being as the major source rock in this area. This paper presents the geochemical analyses of chromatogram and chromatogram?mass spectrum of core samples of four oil?sands and four source?rocks from the Jianggalesayi structural belt and the comprehensive correlation of parameters of sedimentary environment of oils, source rocks and maturity. It is suggested that there is a big difference between the lacustrine mudstone and the coal measure shale in this area as follows: The lacustrine mudstone of Yangye formation is originated from the mixed source of higher plants and lower organisms, the coal measure shales of Yangye and Kangsu formations are dominated by the higher? plants origin; the oil sands from the Aishahantuohai and Qigeleke belong to the same source supply and the source rock is the lacustrine mudstone of Yangye formation. It is inferred that there could be two types of pool?forming models: the one is near?source vertical migration reservoir dominated with the Aishahantuohai oil sand, and the other is the near?source lateral migration one dominated with the Qigeleke oil sand Related Articles | Metrics

Study of Yaojia Seismite in Gulong Sag of Songliao Basin JIANG Shengguo1, ZHONG Jianhua2, YANG Yufang3 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (300KB) ( 183 )   Save Based on the cores observation and description as well as the geological setting research, the seismite is identified in the Yaojia formation of Cretaceous in Gulong sag of Songliao basin, and the seismite sequence in this area is established. The seismite is characterized by such marks as liquefied sandstone dikes, seismic fissures, micro?faults, discordant blocks, load casts, eye?like structures, etc. The discovery of seismite is helpful to analyze the sedimentary environment and structural evolution in this area, and the seismic activity has a significant effect on hydrocarbon accumulation. It can reduce the porosity and permeability of reservoirs, cause rupture of some consolidated or tight rocks; it can destroy the cap rocks and improve the reservoir quality; the permeability of reservoir and cap rocks can be greatly effected by the vertical sandstone dikes, micro?faults and fissures caused by seismic actions, accordingly, the oil and gas migration and accumulation could be effected by them Related Articles | Metrics

Establishment and Application of the MultiPeak Forecasting Model CHEN Yuanqian, HAO Mingqiang 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (300KB) ( 255 )   Save After the development of the oil field, it is an important task to predict the production and the recoverable reserves opportunely by the production data. At present, the forecasting methods include reservoir numerical simulation, forecasting model, material balance and production decline ones, and so on. Of these methods, the forecasting model is a useful and effective one for entire forecasting. The famous generalized Weng model, Weibull model, Rayleigh model, HCZ model, Hubbert model, Lognormal distribution model are major forecasting models based on the development model of a single peak, by which the reliable results can not be obtained for dual?peak and multi?peak development model. In this paper a multi?peak forecasting model and its nonlinear multi?parameters automatic matching techniques are proposed, which are effective for the multi?peak development model. According to the practical application, this multi?peak forecasting model is practical and effective Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of the MultiDetachment Structure in Micangshan Thrust Belt, Northern Sichuan Basin WEN Zhu1, HE Dengfa1, FAN Chun1, MENG Zheng2 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (300KB) ( 245 )   Save Micangshan mountain located in the southern margin of Qinling orogenic belt was subject to squeezing action from north to south since the Indosinian, thus developing multiple sets of detachment structures that led to complex deformation features in the piedmont of Micangshan mountain. By means of field geologic sections, seismogeology profiles and balance recover, this paper analyzes the 2D structural characteristics of it, researches the spatial assemblage patterns of faults of 3D visualization in it. The result shows that the structures in the piedmont are of stratification: the deep structure was controlled by Sinian detachment zone, developing basement thrust fault; the middle structure was controlled by both Sinian and Triassic Jialingjiang detachment zones, and the shallow structure appeared a monocline controlled by the Jialingjiang detachment zone. The eastward gradual upraising of the top detachment zone of Jialingjiang formation resulted in decrease of shortening rate from west to east of the piedmont of Micangshan mountain. There exist five patterns of dual?structural fault combinations in the middle detachment zone: the secondary accommodate fault; a fault keeping parallel with other one and extending toward the two sides of it; a fault intersecting with other one; fault upraising gradually and subduction; generating new accommodate faults within original faults Related Articles | Metrics

On Rolling Development of FracturedVuggy Carbonate Reservoirs DOU Zhilin 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (300KB) ( 221 )   Save The Ordovician fractured?vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield of Tarim basin is characterized by variety of reservoir spaces, extremely strong heterogeneity, development of the fractured?vuggy reservoir bodies and complexity of fluid property. Based on the 15year experiences in Tahe oilfield development, this paper presents the key points in rolling development procedure, basic principle and plan design, and discusses the rolling development process of this fractured?vuggy reservoir by case study, providing useful experiences for the carbonate reservoir exploration and development of the Ordovician in Tahe oilfield Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Adaptability to InSitu Combustion in Heavy Oil Reservoir after Steam Huff and Puff YUAN Shibao1, JIANG Haiyan1, WANG Li2, JI Yingchun3, ZHU Haifeng1 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (300KB) ( 323 )   Save Based on the feature of in?situ combustion, the characteristics of temperature, pressure, fluid and reservoir rocks in heavy oil reservoir after steam huff and puff as well as their influences on the subsequent in?situ combustion are analyzed, focusing on discussion of the screening of appropriate in?situ combustion reservoir, decision?making and control of in?situ combustion process, reservoir screening function and horizontal well in?situ combustion performance. Through relationship between water saturation and front temperature of in?situ combustion given by principle of energy conservation, it is suggested that there is no need to convert wet combustion in advance from steam huff and puff followed by in?situ combustion. And combining with in?situ combustion test data, the impact of the complicated steam?breakthrough channels caused by steam huff and puff on the advancing of in?situ combustion front and the control factors are discussed. The studies show it is feasible to convert in?situ combustion from steam huff and puff Related Articles | Metrics

Water Breakthrough Time and Sweep Efficiency of Well Pattern with Vertical Injector and Multilateral Horizontal Producer ZHANG Lianzhi, CHENG Shiqing 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (300KB) ( 152 )   Save Considering equivalent flow resistances and non?piston water flooding, a multilateral horizontal well can be equivalent to a vertical well with enlarged borehole, and the flow region is divided into three resistance zones. The productivity formula, water breakthrough time and sweep efficiency for well pattern with vertical injector and multilateral horizontal producer are derived. Using the model described in this paper, the effects of main wellbore length, branch length, branch angle and well spacing on the water breakthrough time and sweep efficiency are analyzed. The results indicate that the water breakthrough time decreases with permeability increasing. Under the same permeability condition, the water breakthrough time and sweep efficiency decrease with the main wellbore length increasing, and increase with well spacing increasing; Branch length and branch angle have negligible effect on water breakthrough time and sweep efficiency. In conclusion, five?spot well pattern is optimized after full consideration of water breakthrough time and sweep efficiency Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Dip Logging to Sedimentary Microfacies Division in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin XU Yin1, XU Huaimin1, CHEN Lihua2, CHANG Lunjie3, SHE Jiaofeng3 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (300KB) ( 232 )   Save The dip logging data from the conglomeratic sand sub?section of Donghe sand member in Tazhong area of Tarim basin are processed in detail using geological structure diagram and core description information, and the parameters of long and short correlation processing for this area are presented. Based on the parameters, the eight dip logging response models for parallel bedding, low angle inclined bedding, middle angle inclined bedding, wave formed cross bedding, climbing?up bedding, wavy bedding, trough cross bedding, and massive bedding are established, by which the sedimentary structure interpretation of single well in the studied area is conducted. Combined with related sedimentary facies setting, such six sedimentary microfacies bedding combination models as foreshore beach, foreshore groove, foreshore dam, near shore beach, near shore groove and near shore dam are identified in order to fine classify the sedimentary microfacies. This method can make full use of the advantage of high?resolution of dip logging, increase the interpretation accuracy and obtain better results Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Quantitative Grain Fluorescence Technique to Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Evolution in Mahe Gasfield BAI Zhenhua1,2a,2b, SONG Yan2a,2b, JIANG Zhenxue1, ZHAO Mengjun2a,2b, FANG Shihu2a,2b, ZHANG Jian3 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (300KB) ( 224 )   Save The explorations and practices show that quantitative grain fluorescence technique (QFT) has unique advantages and characteristics in identifying the type of reservoir hydrocarbon inclusions and palaeo?fluid, detecting the migration pathways of oil and gas, and defining the oil?water contact. In this paper, the QFT is applied to the study of hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution in Mahe gasfield of Southern margin of Junggar basin, and good effects have been obtained. The research shows that there was mature crude oil filling in the early stage and a certain scale of paleo?oil pools had been formed in Mahe gasfield, and nowadays the condensate gas reservoir was formed by the fact that a great amount of high mature gas charging in late stage led to“Evaporating fractionation”of the original palaeo?oil pools. Meanwhile, the present gas?water contact was also shaped by late adjusting upward of paleo?oil?water contact on the basis of keeping the patterns of original paleo?oil pools Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Geostatistic Inversion Technology to Mabei Oilfield in Junggar Basin WANG Xiaoping1, SHANG Jianlin2, WANG Linsheng2, HE Jitao3, MEI Qinghua3,CHEN Danmin3, NING Qingxiang3, YANG Ming3 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (300KB) ( 287 )   Save BW2 well area in Mabei oil field is characterized by low seismic resolution, thin reservoir and rapid variation laterally, and complex reservoir?control factors. Combined with the structural setting, the sedimentary feature and the reservoir rocks characteristics, this paper figured out 8 oil?bearing sand bodies by the geostatistic inversion using resistivity curves with sensitivity to the reservoir and makes comparisons by using given wells, and determined the vertical and lateral distribution of the oil?bearing sand bodies. The favorable oil?bearing areas were found out through plane position stacking of each sand body. This method can make up the shortage of low resolution of seismic data, effectively improve the vertical resolution of reservoirs Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Series Inversion of MultiAttribute Regression and Probabilistic Neural Network to Thin Reservoir Prediction WANG Xiaohui1,2, FAN Sufang2, REN Yijun1,2, XU Baorong2, LIU Xinli2 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (300KB) ( 264 )   Save This paper presents GR curves inversion for thin reservoir characterization in the studied area, using the series inversion of multi? attribute regression (MAR) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) based on the geophysical response analysis of reservoir. The result shows that the sand body prediction accords with the whole sedimentary features in the studied area, with high vertical resolution, clear boundary of lateral sand bodies. It could properly reflect the distribution of reservoirs and can be as a guide for next petroleum exploration in this area Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Seismic MultiAttribute Analysis to Reservoir Prediction in Daniudi Gas Field HAN Haiying1,2, WANG Zhizhang1, LI Hanlin1 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (300KB) ( 241 )   Save Through extracting seismic attributes of sub?layers, on the basis of the attributes standardization and optimization, the regression equation between sandstone thickness and seismic attributes of a sub?layer in development area of southwestern Daniudi gas field is established using stepwise regression analysis. The application effects suggest that the seismic amplitude attributes are of obvious correlation with the sandstone thickness in this area. Using the regression equation can quantitatively predict the interwell sandstone thickness, and the prediction accuracy is within setting thickness and higher with the increasing of the thickness Related Articles | Metrics

The Optimization of Acquisition System Based on Cross Correlation Similarities of Seismic Data XIA Jianjun, TANG Donglei, SHEN Xinhe, LI Xianmin 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (300KB) ( 210 )   Save Design optimization is an important part of seismic data acquisition system. The acquisition system optimization based on the cross correlating similarities in seismic data is a quantitative analysis method for using the existing production and experimental data to simulate and process various acquisition schemes, calculate scaling coefficient between result data and objective data, by which analyze the data quality, on the basis of production and test data. This method takes account of the relations among the data quality, optimized acquisition system and cost, thus reducing the errors caused by qualitative analysis, and providing better decision basis for acquisition system optimization as necessary Related Articles | Metrics

AVO OilGas Prediction Study of Channel Sands in Fudong Area of Junggar Basin CHENG Zhiguo, TAN Jia, SONG Yong, CHEN Yong 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (300KB) ( 197 )   Save AVO（amplitude versus offset）is a very useful oil?gas prediction method for lithologic reservoir exploration. The Toutunhe channel sand reservoir of Jurassic in Fudong area of Junggar basin is characterized by quick lateral changes and“one sand and one reservoir”, so difficult to properly predict where oil and gas are. In this paper, on the basis of seismic pre?stack gather forward modeling and fluid replacement/alternation, the AVO responses from the channel sands and fluids are studied and the AVO pre?stack attributes are used for oil?gas prediction of five wells in Fudong area. The result shows very good geologic effects Related Articles | Metrics

Prediction of Thin Sandbodies in Bai21 Well Area Using Logging Constrained Stochastic Optimization Seismic Inversion HUANG Xuanhao1, SHANG Jianlin2, WANG Linsheng2, LIU Lin2, WANG Xiaoping2, LIU Jinming2 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (300KB) ( 227 )   Save Taking prediction of member?3 mudstone with thin layer sand of Jurassic Badaowan formation in Bai?21 well area in Baikouquan oilfield in northwestern margin of Junggar basin as an example, the application of high?resolution logging constrained stochastic optimization seismic inversion technology to such a reservoir prediction is discussed, and good results are analyzed. As a further development of conventional seismic inversion, this technology takes advantage of the geostatistical law of the logging and seismic data and realizes the inversion of wave impedance and other physical properties using stochastic optimization theory, without complex modeling process. At the same time, this technology answered inverse problem by solving positive questions, thus making the constraint be relatively easy to achieve. In view of the partial overlap of sand?shale wave impedance in the study area and the corrected self?potential property that can do well in distinguishing the sandstone from mudstone, the wave impedance inversion and the self?potential inversion are all used for the target zone, in order to more properly predict the reservoir distribution in this area Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Network Fracturing Technology to Tight Oil Reservoirs WANG Wendong, ZHAO Guangyuan, SU Yuliang, FENG Zitai 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (300KB) ( 385 )   Save Network fracturing technology is widespread to development of shale oil?gas reservoirs in North America, with remarkable effectiveness and/or success. In this paper, the conception and characteristics of network fracturing technology are summarized. From geology and construction technology, the factors influencing the formation of complex network fractures are analyzed, and the key points of such a technology applied in different reservoir conditions are presented. The numerical simulation study indicates that the network fracturing can improve the single well productivity tremendously than the conventional fracturing technology, and fracture network system may allow the pressure sweep efficiency to be more uniform, with obvious advantages of development effect. Aiming at domestic tight oil reservoirs characteristics, the ideas should be studied from three aspects as follows: the tight oil accumulation mechanism, the evaluation of tight oil reservoirs before fracturing and the induced stress field and fracture/crack initiation mechanism so that provide some references for the development of network fracturing technology for tight oil reservoirs in China Related Articles | Metrics

A Probe of Secondary Deflection Fracturing Treatment in Hydraulic Fractures DU Zonghea, LI Jiaqib, NIE Honglic 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (300KB) ( 284 )   Save Deflection re?fracturing is an important way of liberating remaining oil in low permeability reservoir in old fields. However, conventional deflection re?fracturing technology has many problems: whether the fracture is deflected or not? How does the deflected fracture propagate? How to get the fracture deflected accurately? Finally, they genenrally cause the unsatisfactory deflecting angle, ineffective treatment, inaccurate effect evaluation, etc. In view of this and on the basis of rock mechanics, fracture mechanics and hydraulic fracturing mechanics, this paper puts forward the concept of“secondary deflection fracturing in fractures”, analyzes and contrasts four kinds of fracture shapes that probably appear in deflection fracturing in fractures. And it is concluded that the best deflecting position is just at the inflection point of horizontal stress difference, which can get maximum communication with reservoirs. Also, applicable reservoir conditions, key techniques and the preliminary design methods are presented. These techniques are of great significance for developing deflection fracturing systems and for converting empirical fracturing treatment to fine fracturing treatment Related Articles | Metrics

Compressibility of Reservoir RocksReDiscussion with Dr Wang Liqiang LI Chuanliang 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (300KB) ( 212 )   Save The stress relationship equation of reservoir rocks is that the total stress of reservoir rocks is a porosity?weighted average of skeleton stress and pore pressure. The stress relationship equation of reservoir rocks can be used in any state of reservoirs, not only in primary state. But such an equation is not directly used by researchers, while the effective stress equations are commonly used due to impossible measurement of skeleton stress of rocks. The well known effective stress equations are Terzaghi equation and Biot equation. The theoretical equation of rock compressibility derived by the stress relationship equation of reservoir rocks shows the correct logic relationship, namely, the higher the rock porosity, the larger the compressibility. Moreover, when rock porosity is zero, its compressibility is zero, too Related Articles | Metrics

Question of Cretaceous Transgression Event in Songliao Basin LIU Zhenhua1.2, ZHENG Rongcai1, GUO Xuan2 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (300KB) ( 218 )   Save Since the 1980s, some scholars put forward a new point of view that transgression had taken place in the Cretaceous in Songliao basin. Discovery of such facies fossils and minerals as sea creatures, calcareous nannofossils, glauconite, etc. is considered to be the main evidences of that transgression event. Combined with the latest research results of lithofacies palaeogeography in Songliao basin, the transgression event in Songliao basin is worth to question. All the evidences of inconsistence of global sea?level change with the high water level of lake transgression, the discovery of Yushu river system in eastern Songliao basin and geochemical data show Songliao basin was an enclosed lake basin in the Cretaceous. The discovery of sea creatures and glauconite, etc. just indicates the saline effect of water in this ancient lake basin, being still a lack of valid evidences of such a transgression event Related Articles | Metrics

New Understanding of Devonian Source Rocks in Madre de Dios Basin in Peru XIE Yinfu1,2, MA Zhongzhen2, ZHOU Yubing2, ZHANG Yina3 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (300KB) ( 297 )   Save It was believed from previous studies that the Upper Devonian in Madre de Dios basin was the“world class”source rocks. This paper compares the source rocks from Upper Devonian Cabanillas group (Peru) and Tomachi formation (Bolivia) in differences of the type and the abundance of organic matter and the hydrocarbon potentials, and proves that the two are not the same set of source rocks. According to sequence stratigraphy analysis, it is believed that Cabanillas group is overlying the Tomachi formation. Therefore, the Upper Devonian in Madre de Dios basin is not a world?class source rocks. Meanwhile, based on the geochemical characteristics of Cabanillas group and geological analysis, the Cabanillas source rocks mainly generate gas. The main resource type of this basin is gas, and the benefit for exploration of it will be lower Related Articles | Metrics

Fault Characteristic and ReservoirControl Effect in Amu Darya Right Bank Area in Turkmenistan NIE Minglong1,2, WU Lei3, LIU Bin3, HOU Liugen4 2013, 34 (3):  1-1.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (300KB) ( 345 )   Save It was shown from drilling data and seismic profile interpretation information that in Amu Darya right bank area in Turkmenistan, there existed the early basement normal faults formed by Hercynian?Indosinian expanding movements and found in the margin of the paleo?uplift structural zone; the late subsalt thrust faults and up?salt strike?slip faults formed by Himalayan compressional movement and found in the area with thick salt gypsum rock and big compressive stress, and the long?term active faults which were formed by continuous activities of the early basement normal faults in the process of Himalayan compressional movement and found in the area with thin salt gypsum and weak compressive stress. It is concluded that the distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks is controlled by the early basement faults; the conditions of salt gypsum cap rock preservation have not been damaged by the late up?salt faults; it is the late subsalt fault that provides the conditions for forming trap rocks; the long?term active faults may result in damages of preservation conditions for salt gypsum trap rocks, which are unfavorable for the hydrocarbon accumulation in this area Related Articles | Metrics