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01 October 2003, Volume 24 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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On Successful Practices for Large Bin 3D Seismic Prospecting in Junggar Basin LI Li-cheng 2003, 24 (5):  371-373.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (214KB) ( 175 )   Save The technology of extensive area element 3D seismic prospecting applied in Junggar basin based on real basinal geologic conditions is a pioneering work. In past decades, application of this technology in Junggar basin's exploration has achieved tremendous economic effectiveness. The discoveries of Cainan oilfield in 1993, Luliang oilfield in 1999 as well as Mobei, Shinan, Hutubi, Xiaoguai, Mabei, Shanan and Mosuowan oil-gas fields are very closely related to the extensive area element 3D seismic prospecting. During 1991-2000, OOIP and OGIP proved and discovered in Junggar basin by applying this technology amount to 5.16x108t and 126.2x108m3, respectively. Practices indicates that the cost of extensive area element 3D seismic prospecting is much lower than that of conventional area element 3D seismic prospecting, which deserves to be a much more practical, efficient and economic technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Conditions for Biogas Accumulation in Qaidam Basin DANG Yu-qi, HOU Ze-sheng, XU Zi-yuan, ZHANG Dao-wei, ZHAO Ming-jun 2003, 24 (5):  374-378.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (1530KB) ( 188 )   Save The biogas in Qaidam basin is primarily produced in Qigequan formation of Quaternary in east-central Qaidam basin and lacustrine sediment of Palaeogene Shizigou formation. Based on sedimentary environments and geologic features of the two formations, by means of great amounts of data and studied results from paleontology, bacteria investigation, biochemical gas production modeling experiment, logging and lab analysis, this paper describes the biogas accumulating conditions in this basin, including space environment adapted for bacterial growth and multiplying, enough and durative gas supply, the best source-reservoir-caprock assemblage. It is suggested that timely trapping and good preservation conditions are the necessary prerequisites for biogas accumulations in Qaidam basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Relationship between Accommodation Space Changes and Oil-Gas Reservoir ZHANG Shi-qi, JI You-liang, CAI Xi-yuan , REN Yan-guang, GAO Ling 2003, 24 (5):  379-381.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (1321KB) ( 130 )   Save Taking Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous strata in Songliao basin as a research target, the relationship between the accommodation space changes and oil-gas reservoir in lacustrine basin is studied by way of comprehensive explanation of geochemical, drilling and core data. During the deposition of the first member of Qingshankou formation and the first-second members of Nen-jiang formation, tremendous growth of the accommodation space resulted in wide distribution of source rocks with high organic carbon content and good organic matter type. The accommodation space change caused by periodically tectonic and climatic changes controlled the characteristics of source-reservoir-caprock assemblage, and formed some types of different assemblages with source bed in ancient formations and reservoir bed in recent formations as well as source bed in recent formations and reservoir bed in ancient formations. Also, the accommodation space changes controlled the evolution of sequences and the distribution of system tracts, in which base fan and slope fan of lowstand system tracts are the most favorable for the oil and gas accumulations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quantitative Evaluation of Petroleum Accumulation Systems around Manjiaer Sag in Tarim Basin ZHOU Hai-yan, PANG Xiong-qi, JIANG Zhen-xue, ZHANG Chun-lian 2003, 24 (5):  382-385.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (3150KB) ( 198 )   Save On the basis of studying thoroughly their geological conditions, this paper evaluates quantitatively the accumulation of four petroleum accumulation systems around Manjiaer sag in Tarim basin. The study shows that Tabei system is as similar as Tazhong system, while Kongquehe slope system is as similar as Tadong system in features. It is also observed that these four petroleum accumulation systems have such common characteristics as that hydrocarbons could not be expelled until they filled into source rocks completely, and the hydrocarbons drained could be mostly lost in the process of petroleum accumulations, hence only surplus hydrocarbons in excess of lost part is available for accumulation; the hydrocarbons expelled earlier is less favorable for accumulation than those expelled later; structural destruction and remained reservoir rocks are the most important reasons for hydrocarbons lost in the process of petroleum accumulations,for natural gas,migration and dispersion could be added as the other two reasons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Beisantai Area, Junggar Basin QU Jiang-xiu, ZHA Ming, TIAN Hui, SHI Xin-pu, HU Ping 2003, 24 (5):  386-388.  Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 184 )   Save There exist multiple unconformities developed in Beisantai area of Junggar basin. They can be divided into truncation unconformity, onlap unconformity,fault-fold unconformity and parallel unconformity in terms of their forming mechanisms and section configurations. They are of typical laminar textures due to uneven weathering and denudation processes,including basal conglomerate,transgres-sive sand body,weathered claystone and semi-weathering leached zone. It is such unconformable types that control the dips and intersecting extent of unconformities, followed by controlling the hydrocarbon migration and patterns of hydrocarbon accumulation here. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Petrophysical Study on Volcanic Reservoir Rocks LIU Wei-fu 2003, 24 (5):  389-391.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (235KB) ( 157 )   Save In light of complex lithology and serious heterogeneity of volcanic reservoir rock, this paper presents a comprehensive study of petrophysical characteristics of it. By using available well log data and fuzzy mathematical method, a lithologic model for identification of volcanic reservoir is developed. According to recognized fractural types, a model for fractural porosity interpretation is established. By way of correction of small core sample using big sample, relationship between core porosity and effectively estimated well log porosity is built up, obtaining effective porosities. Using different fractural types and dual lateral log data, a model for fluid saturation explanation is set up. Furthermore, these models and measured information are used for feasibility evaluation of them, reaching higher consistency and satisfied results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biomarkers from Cretaceous Source Rocks in Jiaolai Basin ZHAI Shen-de, REN Yong-jun, ZHA Ming 2003, 24 (5):  392-395.  Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (1062KB) ( 180 )   Save The steranes, terpenoids and aromatic compounds from source rocks of Cretaceous Laiyang formation in Jiaolai basin were measured by means of technologies of biomarkers analysis, along with discussion of organic matter constituents, sedimentary environment and maturity of the source rocks. Study results show that the depositional environment for source rocks development is a reducing brackish water-saline half deep lake-deep lake one; the organic source materials originated from lower aquatic organ-isms (especially protist and bacterium) mixed with few terrestrial higher plants; the source rocks have maturities of entering oil threshold, such as that Xiaoxianzhuang member is characterized by high maturity and up to late maturity; Shuinan member is just in stage of the best oil generation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of Tectonism on Hydrocarbon Accumulations DOU Li-rong, LI Zhi, ZHANG Bao-hong 2003, 24 (5):  396-399.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (1525KB) ( 180 )   Save Petroleum reservoirs are generally formed in complex processes, which can be divided into pre-accumulation stage, syn- accumulation stage and post-accumulation stage. Pre-accumulation stage is a period of trap formation; syn-accumulation stage is hydrocarbon charging, entrapping and trap delineation period; post-accumulation trap and its hydrocarbons could be effected by various factors followed by resulting in a variety of changes or deformations, varying original characteristics of formed oil-gas reservoirs, even causing destruction of them. These significant tectonisms that could reform the reservoirs can be classified into faulting, compressive and tilting processes. The study shows that the integration of detailed structural analysis, lithology study and geochemical analysis of oil and gas is the essential tool for the study of tectonism on reconstruction of petroleum reservoirs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recognition and Significance of Volcanic Rocks in Deep Anda Fault Depression GAO Fu-hong, WANG Dong-po, ZHANG Xin-rong, JI Gui-xia 2003, 24 (5):  400-402.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (684KB) ( 167 )   Save There exist volcanic rocks developed in Anda fault depression with stratified, quasi-stratified and moundy occurrences. During deposition of Cretaceous Shahezi formation to Yingcheng formation, 3 large-scale volcanic activities were taken place, shap-ing volcanic rocks of explosion, overflow and sub-volcanic rock facies. These volcanic rocks were related in formation and distri-bution to deep rift in which the thin or crossing places tend to be the channels of volcanic explosion. Different reflecting charac-teristics ( e.g., evident amplitude reflecting feature) of these volcanic rock facies can be seen in the seismic profile. The basinal formation, regional structure and petroleum accumulation are closely related to the volcanic rocks within fault depression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Cretaceous Reservoir Rocks in Junggar Basin TANG Yong, HUANG Wen-hua, GUO Xiao-yan, SI Chun-song, ZHU Guo-hua 2003, 24 (5):  403-406.  Abstract ( 140 )   PDF (1299KB) ( 171 )   Save The Cretaceous reservoir in Junggar basin is on the whole characterized by low component maturity, low cement con-tent, high textural maturity and developed clay film in lithology. The rock types are dominated by feldspathic litharenite and lithic sandstone with point contact relations among grains, film-pore cementation. Relative high content of feldspar and commonly exist-ing analcite cements are another features different from Jurassic reservoir. In diagenesis, most part is week, primarily in early phase of diagenetic A-B; residual primary intergranular pores are the most important type of Cretaceous system; while secondary dissolution porosity is mostly developed in glutenite of Tugulu group bottom; and the coarser the lithology, the better the pore configuration. In exception of Kayindike area, the quality of Cretaceous reservoir is generally high. The high quality reservoir is due to low content of plasticlast and fillers. The low paleo-geothermal gradient, weak diagenesis and late deep buried pattern are favorable for preservation of porosity. The sandstone diagenetic compaction is the main reason for loss of reservoir porosity, the sand partical size is an important factor affecting reservoir quality. In addition, it is sedimentary environment that results in the difference of rock types; solution is major factor of incremental porosity in Cretaceous conglomerate and glutenite; developed clay film is major reason for forming low resistivity of Cretaceous oil zones. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimization of Exploration Target Areas by Using Oil-Gas Showing Probability LIU Yu-rui 2003, 24 (5):  407-410.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (483KB) ( 165 )   Save With the incremental exploration degrees of numerous domestic petroliferous basins, the discovery rate of giant oil-gas fields assumes decreasing trend on the whole. Petroleum energy becomes to be a focus influencing state security and national e-conomic development once again. In relatively matured basins, facing the situations of being poor quality of remained oil-gas re-sources and more complex conditions, how to correctly select areas or zones for petroleum prospecting and quicken to discover big and/or giant oil-gas field are key factors for realizing succession and transfer of China’s oil-gas production provinces in order to assure continuously incremental petroleum reserves and production rates. Taking Subei basin as a study example, it is found from its oil-gas distribution and exploration experiences that oil-gas showing probability from Grade III structures or previous drilling wells into faulted blocks can be well used for determination of enriched oil-gas in the exploratory area or not, hence proposing new method for quantitative prediction of big and/or giant oil-gas reservoir distribution and optimal selection of ex-ploratory target areas. Practices show that in Subei basin and Tarim basin, the predicted understandings using this method are closely matched to real prospecting results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Petroleum System and Favorable Belts in Kongquehe Slope Area, Tarim Basin YAN Yong-xin, TIAN Yun, YUAN Guang-xi, WANG Wei-mei 2003, 24 (5):  411-414.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (1781KB) ( 145 )   Save The systematic analysis is conducted of characteristics of effective source rock, reservoir rock and cap rock in Peacock river slope area of Tarim basin, based on its available exploratory data and petroleum geologic conditions. The petroleum system in it can be divided into Paleozoic Hercynian-Indonisian destructive type of petroleum system and Mesozoic Yanshan-Himalayan regenerative type of petroleum system. Also, the favorable belts for oil-gas prospecting are analyzed, according to its source rock conditions, relations of structure-source rock evolution as well as the trap and preservation status of oil-gas pools. It is concluded that Weimark-Kaiping structural belt and Longkou structural belt could be potential for hydrocarbon prospecting in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Sedimentary Characteristics of Palaeogene Reservoir in Kayindike Well Block No,6 ZHANG You-ping, DELE Da-er, REN Jun-min 2003, 24 (5):  415-418.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (1492KB) ( 149 )   Save Detailed descriptions of cores from Ka-001, Ka-002, Ka-003 and Ka-6 in Ka-6 Well Block are presented in this paper. In light of these lithologic features, integrating with well log data and seismic data, six types of lithofacies of glutenite,conglom-eratic sandstone,inaquigranular lithic sandstone, pure sandstone, siltstone and mudstone are classified into, along with their verti-cal sedimentary sequence features and special depositional structure features,followed by providing sedimentary facies patterns and distribution. It is concluded that the Palaeogene Ziniquanz formation (E1-2z), Anjihaihe formation (E2-3a) belong to braided river-delta front sub-facies. Furthermore, lots of reservoir data from lab petrophysical analysis are studied and the reservoir characteris-tics and qualities are evaluated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Conditions for Formation of Kaoiinite Subgroup in Tarim Basin ZHAO Xing-yuan 2003, 24 (5):  419-423.  Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (5471KB) ( 181 )   Save Kaolinite subgroup is found in Tarim basin as kaolin and dickite pieces, both have individual feature and forming con-dition. The authigenic kaolinite occurred in Lower Jurassic, Triassic, Carboniferous sand-shale member and Kela No.2 gas struc-tural zone (Palaeogene and Lower Cretaceous), allothigenous kaolinite appeared in Lower Ordovician limestone cracks. The dickite is found in Carboniferous sandstone of Mincan No.1 Well in southern Tarim. According to mineral features of kaolinite and dick-ite, the sedimentary environments of these horizons and water media at stage of hydrocarbon accumulation are analyzed. The re-sults suggest that Lunnan Well 59 to Cao-2 Well Block in period of Late Devonian Donghetang formation was smothered bay en-vironment, Donghe-1,2 and 4 Well Blocks were inshore deposition. The dickite is transformed from kaoline crystal under the condition of structural geotherm at 500°C. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New Understanding of Kuqaia Sporomorph LUO Zheng-jiang, WU Xin-ying, WANG Rui, Aliya 2003, 24 (5):  424-426.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (1413KB) ( 172 )   Save The sporamorph Kuqaia is an Acritarch fossil similar to animal shell or Gastropoda, which has been commonly used in formation classifications and correlations due to its properties of short geochronology, extensive distribution and easy to recognition. In the past, it was generally considered to be fairly limited in horizon distribution such as Jurassic Yangxia formation, Kangsu for-mation, lower part of Yangye formation in Tarim basin and Jurassic Sangonghe formation and corresponding downhole intervals in Junggar basin, and belong to late or middle-late period of Early Jurassic. The recent research indicates that Kuqaia originated in early period of Early Jurassic, flourished in late or middle-late period of Early Jurassic and may be distributed to Middle Juras-sic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Favorable Targets for Petroleum Exploration in Kongquehe Area LIN Xue-qing, LI Ya-yu, YAN Yong-xin, HE Tao, DONG Feng 2003, 24 (5):  427-429.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (945KB) ( 157 )   Save Tarim basin is a depositional basin with abundant oil and gas. Now, this basin is still in low degree of exploration and has great potentials for hydrocarbon prospecting. In Kongquehe area, multiple sets of source rocks developed in Cambrian, Ordovi-cian, Iurassic systems, etc., being as foundations for its hydrocarbon prospecting. This paper presents the analyses of source rock development, structural belt location, local structural development in them, structure-formed periods versus petroleum migration/ac-cumulation, and oil-gas shows in drilled wells. It is suggested that there exist two favorable targets for petroleum prospectingW the first one is Weimark No.2 anticlinal structure on Weimark-Kaiping nose uplift; the second one is Longkou No.5 anticlinal struc-ture in Longkou-Yingnan faulied anticlinal belt. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Determination of Water Influx in Gas Reservoirs LI Chuan-liang 2003, 24 (5):  430-431.  Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (487KB) ( 189 )   Save A study was conducted on the determination of water influx in gas reservoir. A new approach was proposed in this paper, which can calculate the water influx directly from the production index curve of gas reservoirs that is easily obtained by production history without assumption of shape and size of water body. Hence, the tediousness and the uncertainty in conventional calculations are avoided by using this method. The calculation indicates its easier, simpler and more practical in use than that established by van Everdingen and Hurst. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Lab-Simulation of Indicative Curves in Determination of Reasonable Production Pressure Difference in Gas Wells GAO Bo-yu, PENG Shi-mi, WANG Ying, XIANG Yang 2003, 24 (5):  432-434.  Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (618KB) ( 165 )   Save The analyses of binomial equation for gas wells and gas production indicative curves are conducted, and show that to fully utilize in-situ energy, the flowing pressure of gas well corresponding to tilting or upwarping point indicative curve from gas wells should be the reasonable flowing pressure of gas wells, while the production pressure difference at this point can be used as the reasonable production pressure difference. Based on this theory, adopting lab simulation approach and scaled physical mod-eling of petroleum reservoir, this paper presents full simulation of gas producing indicative curves from nearby sidewall under the reservoir conditions, determining reasonable flowing pressure difference, and conversing it to reasonable production pressure differ-ence of gas well. From the lab analyses of 8 wells in Changqing oilfield, it is concluded that the reasonable production pressure differences of gas wells should be controlled within 2.5MPa for Class Ⅰ reservoir, 3.5MPa for Class Ⅱ reservoir and 4.5MPa for Class Ⅲ reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of IOR of Sangonghe Formation in Cainan Field, Junggar Basin LI Xing-xun, ZHANG Miao, GUO Jun, ZHANG Sheng, Aihemaiti Yimiti 2003, 24 (5):  435-437.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (231KB) ( 133 )   Save Following many-year high rapid development of Sangonghe formation in Cainan field, hinterland of Junggar basin, quite a number of production wells has been entered into the phase of medium-high water cut, and most wells have been yielded in single layer without any measure of water plugging/resisting and supplementary layer recovery. This paper presents lifting timing for different types of wells which may increase fluid-yielding amount or IOR of single well and allow the water cut to be stabi-lized or dropped, while oil production to be increased effectively, based on features of low crude viscosity and high mobility as well as in-depth understanding of oil-water contact for each well. Through stable production of the whole reservoir, such a part of wells has been improved in ultimate recovery factor with very significant economic benefit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

EOR Experiment by Alkalescent Water Compound Flooding TANG Shan-fa, ZHAO Hua-ting, ZHOU Lan-fang, ZHAO Pu-chun 2003, 24 (5):  438-440.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (229KB) ( 156 )   Save In light of the fact that following implementation of water quality improvement technology, water injected in oilfield has become alkalescent water (pH≥8.0) from slight acidic water, Mazhai Wei-95 Block reservoir is of high salinity, Ca2+, Mg2+ con-tents and low acid value in Zhongyuan oilfield, this paper presents a concept of alkalescent water compound flooding for EOR, adding salt-resisting surfactant into injected alkalescent water. By testing resolvable property of the surfactant in alkalescent water and oil-water interfacial tension in compound system, two compound flooding systems (JJ867 and JJ869) suitably applied in Mazhai Wei-95 Block reservoir production conditions are prepared. The oil displacement experiment shows that using these two systems can get incremental oil recovery factors of 9.3% and 14.3%, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Methods for Prediction of Recoverable Reserves in Heavy Oil Reservoir SUN Jian-fang, QIU Guo-qing, ZHAO Hong-yu 2003, 24 (5):  441-443.  Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (231KB) ( 128 )   Save The screen analysis and classified evaluation of predicative methods for recoverable reserves of heavy oil reservoir by steam injection process. Injection-production curve and water flood curve are considered to be major methods for prediction of them. And limited water cut of heavy oil reservoir by &ater flood curve method is studied, establishing the correlation of &ater cut vs average oil production of single well. Application of this result in real prediction achieves good effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimized Configuration of Productivity, Production, Investment and Cost DONG Wei-kai, DONG Guang-hua, SUN Xu-guang, WANG Xiang-dong 2003, 24 (5):  444-447.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (556KB) ( 152 )   Save On the basis of Simulated Optimization Theory, basic rule for oil-gas recovery, the whole optimal configuration principle along with characters of available operation and productivity construction, a model of optimized configuration is developed which takes comprehensively into account of the exploration and development potentials, economic and reasonable utilization of petroleum resources and take productivity, production, investment and cost as discrete resource configuration objects. Using this method, the developed oilfields and non-producing reserves can be integrated organically with and including specific or local technologies and operating status under the market economy. It can be as quantitative analysis approach and optimizing tool for scientific determi-nation of annual producing scale, productivity construction and investment scope and cost control, etc. According to this model, this paper presents the analysis and validation between actual data from exploration and development during period of “he Ninth Five-Year Plan” and those of “he Tenth Five-Year Plan”,and provides the total number of recommended projects and specific areas or zones that will be as priority for development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Model for Prediction of Fractured Heavy Oil Reservoir Performance by Steam Stimulation Process LIU Xue-li, DU Zhi-min, HAN Zhong-yan, WU Lin 2003, 24 (5):  448-450.  Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (242KB) ( 189 )   Save On the basis of model for prediction of conventional heavy oil reservoir performance by steam stimulation process, adopting energy balance theory, this paper presents a model for prediction of fractured heavy oil reservoir performance by steam stimulation process, providing analytical solutions under thermal expansion, segregation drive and capillary imbibition processes. During the solutions, effects of temperature on viscosity, oil saturation and oil-water relative permeability are taken consideration. The results between case estimation and numerical simulation using this model are similar, showing that the model can be applied for prediction of fractured heavy oil reservoir performance by steam stimulation process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Vertical Sealing of Fault and Its Application FU Guang, LY Yan-fang, MA Fu-jian, FU Xiao-fei 2003, 24 (5):  451-454.  Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (872KB) ( 158 )   Save Based on the in-depth study of vertical sealing mechanism of fault and its influencing factors and using Darcy’s law, this paper established a comprehensive evaluation index vD by calculating percolation velocity of oil and gas at target zones through fault under the given action of external stress, and applied it in evaluation of vertical sealing properties of W1 and W5 faults in Wangjiatun gas field of northern Songliao basin as well as No.1 to No.7 faults (Qingshankou formation) in Nanshanwan- Dalai area, obtaining vD of W1 and W5 is 7.0% and 8.6%, respectively, showing good vertical sealing capacity; No.1 to No.5 faults in Nanshanwan-Dalai area are of good vertical sealing property; while No.6 and No.7 faults are of medium one. It is indi-cated that this method can be used for quantitative tvaluation of verlical sealing feature of faults as an effective evaliating tool. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New Method for Two-Phase Flow Displacement through Dual Porosity Media DENG Ying-er, LIU Ci-qun 2003, 24 (5):  455-457.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (872KB) ( 173 )   Save A mathematical model for two-phase flow through dual porosity media with imbibition is an integral and differential e-quation with initial and boundary conditions. Such a model is difficult to obtain accurate andlytical solutions. A new concept of taking drainage front as moving outer boundary is proposed so that numerical solution to the model can be found by using a fi-nite difference approach and extrapolation method. Relative permeability curve in fracture system without simplifying assumption is adopted in the model. Results show that imbibition has greater effects on distribution of water saturation and that moving velocity of the water-oil displacement front has nothing to do with intensity of imbibition. This conclusion is in good agreement with that obtained by Chen-LiuTs assumption about relative permeability in fracture system and from characteristic method. The method pro-posed in this paper is much better solving nonlinear problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developing Seismic Velocity Field by Optimized 3D Horizon Control Method and Its Application WU Chao, NING Bin, WANG Xiao-yun 2003, 24 (5):  458-460.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (1286KB) ( 182 )   Save With the development of technologies for geological exploration, the structural maps with higher accuracy have been needed, and the higher requirements for developing seismic velocity fields and structure-mapping methods with variable velocities have been proposed. In this paper, studies on combination of stack velocity field with t0 horizon field, picking up t0 time varied rate in different blocks and segments of all controlling horizons are conducted, based on the 2D seismic data, conventional hori-zon control approach for developing seismic velocity field and using optimized horizon control method. Also, by developed 3D model, the interval velocity is calculated, base-level selection and correction is made, time-depth conversion is performed with re-fracted tracing method; by well log input data, quick corrections of interval velocity and depth maps by using drilling individual-layei data are discussed. Hence,the mapping accuracy could be improved,obtaining satisfied effects of mapping structures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

High Accuracy Processing of 3D Seismic Data in Biyang Sag ZHANG Chao-feng, LI Feng, YANG Wen-ping 2003, 24 (5):  461-463.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (1245KB) ( 173 )   Save In light of characteristics of complex surface condition and developed interference wave in Biyang sag, integrated with existed problems of low s/n ratio of medium-deep reflection and big migrated regression error at boundary faulting, this paper presents some ma-terial measurements in prestack noise rejection, static correction, amplitude processing, inverse convolution and migration imaging, in-cluding some profitable attempts. All these improve medium-deep reflecting energy and migrated imaging accuracy, hence allow whole seismic data processing quality to be increased. In addition, it is suggested that improving the quality of seismic data processing is a sys-tematic project,which need variety of methods to be guidually integrated with so that reaches higher level on the whole. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Thinking about Sustainable Development in Domestic Hydrocarbon Resources: Part II GUO Zhan-qian 2003, 24 (5):  464-469.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (342KB) ( 213 )   Save Traditional concept assumes that hydrocarbons are primary and limited non renewable resources. Inorganic origin theory re-gards generation of hydrocarbons as nearly limitless resources. While according to synthetic origin theory with CO, CO2 and H2, inorganic origin theory established by carbonide petrochemistry and biological origin theory, hydrocarbons are considered to be renewable. This pa-per describes the relationship between organic and inorganic origin theories from historical and philosophical viewpoints, and points out that there is not an impassable gap between inorganic origin field and organic origin field. China^s continental crust is in special environ-ments of geodynamics, which allowed deep mantle materials to extensively participate in hydrocarbons-generating processes, providing e-nough conditions for multiple element origins. Therefore, to develop inorganic origin theory, synthetic origin theory and biological origin theory is the need or requirement for sustainable development of oil-gas resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Countermeasures for Durative and Rapid Development of China's Natural Gas Industry LI Dong-xu, QI Hou-fa, MA Shuo-peng, ZHANG Fu-dong 2003, 24 (5):  470-472.  Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (525KB) ( 163 )   Save Since resent decades, China has been in rapid growth of natural gas reserves with increasing gas production year by year. In order to ensure durative and rapid development of China's natural gas industry, the following aspects should be paid more attention to: 1) standing in 7 basins such as Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos, Chaidam, Yinggehai, Qiongdongnan and Donghai basins to search for big or giant gas fields; 2)strengthening technical probe to improve and develop technologies for natural gas exploration adaptable for complex geolog-ic/geographical conditions in China; 3)taking market as a guide to grasp exploratory progressing and increase whole efficiency for gas ex-ploration and development; 4)carrying out prospecting and prestudy of unconventional gas reserves to prepare succeeding resources for long-term and persisting development; 5)conducting prophase preparation for gas exploration of South China Sea, and 6)participating in sharing natural gas resourcesin the world, active intervenkii of gas prospecting abroad. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Hydrocarbon Remigration in China's Petroliferous Basins ZHANG Bing-xing 2003, 24 (5):  473-478.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (2229KB) ( 165 )   Save The phenomenon of hydrocarbon remigration during oil-gas accumulation was described firstly by geologist Chen Ben, followed by geologists Pan Zhong-xiang and Baots who proposed the concept of hydrocarbon remigration in China’s petroliferous basins, by Mr. An Zuo-xiang who wrote many articles to demonstrate it. It is indicated that there existed this remigration in rift basin, foreland basin and kraton basin. Also, the double source supply opposite migration occurred in Zhujiangkou (Pearl river mouth) basin, Yinggehai basin and Qiongdongnan basin and formed big and/or giant and complex oil-gas fields. This paper de-scribes in detail the hydrocarbon remigration in rift, foreland and kraton basins, studies hydrocarbon accumulation in each basin and points out favorable oil-gas accumulated belts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Bitumen Sedimentation and Formation Damage LI Ming, LI Shi-lun, DU Zhi-min 2003, 24 (5):  479-481.  Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (788KB) ( 128 )   Save The flocculating setting of bitumen from crude oil in reservoir may plug formation and production facilities, seriously affecting normal operation in an oilfield. Hence, it is necessary to study the sedimentary mechanism of bitumen and formation damage caused from it to find scientific basis of prevention from bitumen sedimentation. According to previous understandings of bitumen sedimentary mechanism,all mechanisms about it and all factors influenced are presented in this paper,including the rea-sons in detail why bitumen sediments easily in vicinity of wellbore and causes formation damages. Also, this paper reviews about thermodynamic models for bitumen simulation such as micellar model and state equation simulation approach for bitumen sedi-mentation, and these advantages and disadvantages in real application are analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Petroleum Origin: A Fundamental Problem of Natural Science Ο. К. Баженова, Б. А. Соколов 2003, 24 (5):  482-485.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (1237KB) ( 188 )   Save Oil origin is a fundamental problem of natural science. Development of “rganic” concept confirmed in practice, named as sedimentary-migrational theory follows the way of more detailed study of oil composition and that of rocks organic matter since just molec-ular composition of oil appears to be "a key" for its genesis knowledge. The presence of biomarkers in oils-compounds with chemical structure being inherited from live substance, as well as their presence in hydrocarbon extracts of ancient Archean rocks and ores of the ocean's streading zones evidences that hydrocarbon generation processes took place from the moment of life origin. Limited quantity of hy-drocarbon isomers in oil is a result of their selective accumulation in live organisms, optical activity of oils reflecting o chiral purity of bi-ological systems-all these properties of oil confirm its genetic association with biogene substance. Related Articles | Metrics