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01 December 2003, Volume 24 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Kinetics of Hydrocarbon Generation in Jurassic Coal-Measure Source Rocks,Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin LI Xian-qing, XIAO Xian-ming, TANG Y, MI Jing-kui, XIAO Zhong-yao, SHEN Jia-gui 2003, 24 (6):  487-489.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (544KB) ( 275 )   Save By using thermal simulation experiment of closed system with gold tube-high pressure kettle, combined with special Ki-netics software, investigation of hydrocarbon generation kinetics of Jurassic coal-measure source rocks in Kuqa depression of Tarim basin is made, obtaining the related kinetic parameters of methane and C2-C5 gas hydrocarbons. The results show that the Juras-sic coal-measure source rocks are of good gas generation potentials and mainly produce methane at the high thermal evolution stage.The activate energy values of methane and C2-C5 gas hydrocarbons range from 43 to 64 kcal/mol and 52 to 72kcal/mol, respectively. The kinetics method of hydrocarbon generation allows well to extrapolating lab data to actual geologic process and thus can be widely applied to the assessment and exploration of natural gas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prospect of Petroleum Exploration in Changshaling Structural Belt of Ying’er Sag in Jiuquan Basin HAN Yong-ke, LIU Yong-chang, YUE Zhi-zhong, ZHANG Rui-sheng 2003, 24 (6):  490-493.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (939KB) ( 208 )   Save Changshaling structural belt, located in west slope of lake basin in Ying’er sag, is a large-scale nose-like uplift shaped by a series of complex faults, and the main hydrocarbon-bearing sequence in it is in Chijingbao formation of Lower Cretaceous. The formation of structural belt underwent such three stages as tensional block faulting in the early of Early Cretaceous,compaction folding of S-N direction in Middle-Late Cretaceous and reconstructing and shaping in Tertiary.Dark shale is well developed in the lower section of Chijingbao formation.Sandstone is mostly found in the upper section of it.Faults are the major channels for connecting source rocks and reservoir rocks. And its primary type of reservoir-cap rock assemblage is source bed in lower formation and reservoir bed in upper formations.Many prospecting wells have been penetrated in sandstone layers of Chijingbao formation on the structural belt and obtained oil-gas flow. Hence, superior petroleum geological conditions allow this structural belt to become one of key exploratory areas in Y umen oilfield in the near future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Sequence Stratigraphy of Middle Permian-Triassic in Turpan-Hami Basin CHEN Xu, NIU Ren-jie, CHENG Jin-hu 2003, 24 (6):  494-497.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (1715KB) ( 461 )   Save The identification mark for pre-Jurassic reference plane cycle of Tu-ha basin is developed with coring,drilling, well logging and seismic data in light of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, dividing the Middle Permian-Triassic into four reference plane cyclic sequences, by which the distribution of sedimentary system within isochronal formation skeleton is studied. The result shows that tectonic action is the principal factor for controlling shape of the reference plane cycles in this area, and in the Middle Permian-Triassic, there exist three sedimentary segs such as simple foreland, double foreland and gibbous foreland, two sedimentary models of gentle slope and steep slope as well as source-reservoir-cap rocks developed extensively. The source rocks are mainly formed in early period of the reference plane descending, the assemblages of normal reservoir-cap rocks shaped in the period of the reference plane ascending are of great potentials for petroleum prospecting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Crustal Structure and Velocity Feature from Ruoqiang-Altai Seismic Profile in Xinjiang Region CHEN Jun-xiang, CHEN Jing-liang 2003, 24 (6):  498-501.  Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (1180KB) ( 222 )   Save The velocity data from seismic transformed wave bathymetric profile and seismic tomographic profile are analyzed and shown that Ruoqiang-Altai area possesses continental crust with three layers of velocity structures in south of Bolokenu-Aqikekuduk faulting, composed of upper, middle and lower crustal layers, and in north of the faulting, with two layers of velocity structures composed of middle and lower crustal layers,without marine crust of upper crustal layer. According to distributions, corresponding locations and thickness changes of these velocity layers, the crustal structure in this area can be divided into four types of Tarim, Junggar, Tianshan (superimposed type) and Altai (decoupling type). In-depth description of these four types of crustal structures is made in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship between Faulting Activities and Hydrocarbon Migration/Accumulation in Junggar Basin LU Bing, XU Ke-qiang 2003, 24 (6):  502-504.  Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (393KB) ( 310 )   Save There exist multiple trending faults of E-W, S-N, N-W/N-E, S-N/N-E (NNE) developed in Junggar basin and they control directly the distributions of most oil-gas fields, of which the S-N trending faults play a remarkable role on the formation of secondary sedimentary sag and migration of hydrocarbon in the basin; the N-E faults play an important role on local structural shape and hydrocarbon migration; the N-W faults play not only a controlling role on secondary structural zonation and traps’ formation, but also are one of main oil-gas migration channels in northwestern margin of Junggar basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship between Hydrodynamic Condition and Petroleum Migration/Accumulation in Luliang Area, Junggar Basin ZHANG Nian-fu, WANG Jing, JIA Xi-yu, ZHA Ming 2003, 24 (6):  505-508.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (1394KB) ( 234 )   Save The hydrochemical study shows that the multi-directional hydrochemical sections developed in research zone of Luliang area can be divided into three hydrogeological cycles. The first one (C-T) is a deep, static and opened lag-style hydrodynamic system; the second one(J1b-J2x) is a mid-depth, weakly opened compacting drive hydrodynamic system; the third one (J2t-K) 1belongs to shallow, strongly opened gravity drive hydrodynamic one. In the middle Jurassic, the salinity of water is relatively low, appearing higher-low-high hydrochemical section,which shows the most intensive zone by hydrodynamic process might develop in the unconformity between Triassic and Badaowan formation of Jurassic;the CaCl2, water type occurs in deep and shallow formations with multi-layer petroleum bearing shows, revealing that they could be favorable areas for petroleum accumulation, and the faults are good channels for oil-gas migration channels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Classification of Structural Element in Qiangtang Basin and the Preliminary Evaluation YU Jia-ren, LEI Huai-yu, WANG Quan, LIU Chen-hua 2003, 24 (6):  509-512.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (947KB) ( 360 )   Save The classification of structural element and preliminary evaluation of Qiangtang basin are performed based on its magnetic, gravitational, electromagnetic sounding, surface geologic survey and a few seismic information as well as related experiment alanalysis data.Above the pre-Devonian basement,this basin can be divided into three structural zones from bottom to top, i.e., Devonian-Middle Triassic, Upper Triassic-Jurassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary. Through composite analyses of various data and information, the basin can also be divided into three grade-Ⅱ elements such as north Qiangtang depression, central uplift belt and south Qiangtang depression, which can further be subdivided into 12 elements of grade-Ⅲ. According to their petroleum geologic features, this paper presents preliminary evaluations of petroliferous potentials of these 12 elements, and points out that Tupocuo-Bai-tanhu deep sag and Dirangbicuo-Tumen sag are favorable petroliferous elements and could be as major targets for oil-gas exploration in Qiangtang basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study of Interstratified Chlorite-Smectite Minerals in Tarim Basin ZHAO Xing-yuan 2003, 24 (6):  513-516.  Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (3276KB) ( 362 )   Save Interstratified chlorite-smectite minerals in Tarim basin are studied by means of chemical analysis, SEM, X-ray diffraction, etc. There exist two basic minerals combinations of interstratified chlorite-smectite without kaolinite and interstratified chlorite-smectite with kaolinite.The former is mainly found in several strata or intervals of Neogene-Cretaceous and Carboniferous;the latter is distributed in individual zone of Cretaceous. The forming conditions of these combinations are slightly different from each other. Related Articles | Metrics

The Effect of Salt Structure of Carboniferous in Tahe Area on Seismic Data and Imaging Accuracy LIU Qun, LV Jing-ying, ZHANG Xiao-hui 2003, 24 (6):  517-519.  Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (1823KB) ( 175 )   Save The salt body of Carboniferous in Tahe area of Tarim basin, covering an area about 1500km2, with maximum thickness of about 270m, is a target zone of this area toward east extending.The salt body is located on the main oil zone that belongs to fissure-cave reservoir of Lower Ordovician in Tahe oilfield.Since it is significant for investigation of effect of this salt body on underlying strata’s seismic data and imaging accuracy, the most representative area of 150km2 within salt body is selected as a studied area. Through detailed re-processing and shot and prestack migration, the effect of the salt on underlying formation structures is studied. In addition, based on picking-up frequency and amplitude from seismic reflection event in the underlying formations within studied area, the effect of the salt on kinematic and kinetic parameters of the seismic wave is analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Distribution of Natural Gas in Southern Songliao Basin CHEN Guo-li 2003, 24 (6):  520-522.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (914KB) ( 272 )   Save The vast distribution of natural gas in southern Songliao basin brings fame to more than 150 wells with commercial gas flow in 63 spots of 16 horizons in proved 8 gas fields and 5 gas caps to date. This paper analyzes in detail these spots, gas fields and caps,sums up the vertical and lateral distribution of the gas pools and associated relationship among gas pool, oil reservoir and gas cap as well as gas controlling factors and reservoir features.Study shows that the gas can be vertically classified into 5 gas-bearing assemblages, of which deep coal-related gas is dominant, and long-term developed and inherited large scale structures normally give rise to forming multiple sets oil-gas bearing strata with gas cap reservoirs gradually changing into gas pools from the bottom to top. The lateral distribution of gas is divided into 2 zones and 6 belts, and from center toward circumferential terrace of Songliao basin,the gas changes from solution gas into coexistence of solution gas,cap gas and gas-pool gas. In some regional monoclinal structures, gas distribution assumes characteristic by oil reservoir gradually changing into gas-cap reservoir and gas pool from bottom toward top with the structure rising. The gas pools are proved to be most lithologic-structural complex ones, with porous-type porosity and low permeability . In addition, south part of Songliao basin is rich in advantaged CO2 resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Petroleum Characteristics and Prospecting Target in Chaiwopu Seg, Junggar Basin WU Guang-hong, BA Xiu-e, FENG Yong-hong, YANG Fang, LEI Jin-bo 2003, 24 (6):  523-526.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (1289KB) ( 274 )   Save Chaiwopu seg in southeastern Junggar basin went through 4 stages in its development and evolution since Late Carboniferous, deposited multiple source rocks, reservoir rocks and cap rocks. The Lucaogou formation and Hongyanchi formation of Upper Permian are regarded as major source rocks and main prospecting target; Upper Triassic-Jurassic as regional cap rocks, the major source rocks are more developed in north than south, but their maturity of organic matter is higher in south than in north. They entered the "oil window" in the end of Triassic and reached the peak of oil generation in the end of Jurassic, which matches the trap-forming period in west and north parts of the seg. Sangezhuang salient and near the north deep fault belt of it are the primary target for oil-gas exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study of Gentle Slope-Break Zone in Continental Downfaulted L acustrine Bas—An example of Nanyang seg CHENG Zhe, ZHU Wei, TAN Chen-jun, WEI Fu-jun, WANG Zheng-fu 2003, 24 (6):  527-529.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (1277KB) ( 365 )   Save The gentle slope-break zone in continental fault lacustrine basin is referred to as a depositional slope zone resulted from long-term activity of syndepositional listric faults. It is shown from study of Nanyang seg in Nanxiang basin that the nonplane gliding listric normal faults in southern Nanyang seg allow to shaping gentle slope break zone in northern Nanyang seg, thus constraining the variation of holding spaces in this basin,controlling the distribution scope of low stand system tract and high stand lacustrine delta sands in axial orientation. This paper develops framework of inner stratigraphic sequence of the slope-break zone,studies its features and spatial distribution,determines the low stand shore line of this zone developed in each sequence,from which searches for large scale low stand fans,hence establishes the model for predicting distribution of the low stand,sandstone reservoir. The result can be as guide for, exploration of subtle oil-gas reservoir in Nanyang seg. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calculation of Fault Tightness Index and Its Significance for Fault Sealing TIAN Hui, ZHA Ming, SHI Xin-pu, HU Ping 2003, 24 (6):  530-532.  Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (684KB) ( 255 )   Save The degree of fault tightness is one of the important factors for fault sealing control. According to analyses of faulting stress and shale smearing, the fault tightness index (IFT) is defined as the ratio of faulting stress σF to the compressive strength σC of fault zone. Where the value of IFT is bigger than 1, the fault tightens and seals well;otherwise,it seals worse. The study shows that IFT values distributed along northern faulting in Beisantai field are of non-homogeneity. As long as the IFT is bigger than 1 in oil reservoir or its overlying stratum, the oil-gas in it could be vertically sealed in incompletely sealed conditions above the reservoir. In addition,the IFT values are not related to the buried depth during the same geological time,for the deeply buried fault couldn’t mean the bigger IFT value and good sealing property, but the oil-gas in it still may migrate upward throughthe fault. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Overthrust Nappe Structure and Its Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Northern Margin of Qilianshan Mountain XIAO Wen-hua, WEI Jun 2003, 24 (6):  533-535.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (805KB) ( 362 )   Save Qingxi field is located in middle of overthrust nappe in northern margin (Kulongshan) of Qilianshan mountain where intensive piedmont fold is associated with a series of huge overthrust fault structures which are characterized by advanced and imbricate overthrust faulting toward surface and related folds. In order to structural feature and hydrocarbon enrichment, this paper presents in-depth analysis of the faulting structures and detailed interpretation of a variety of crude-controlled faults or structures, as well as fractural prediction and oil-controlled mechanism, showing its distinctive features of oil-gas distribution. It is concluded that the tear faulting of N-E trend shaped in overthrust fault front controls effective development of fractural belt, which could be high-yielding blocks in Qingxi field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STRESS FIELD OF WELLBLOCK YH-1 IN GASKULA OILFIELD, QAIDAM BASIN SHAO Wen-bin, PENG Li-cai 2003, 24 (6):  536-539.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (729KB) ( 177 )   Save The numerical simulation and fractural prediction of paleotectonic stress field of $E^2_3$ reservoir in Wellblock YH-1 of Gaskula oilfield, Qaidam basin are made with finite element method, and the paleotectonic stress field of distributed main oil zones and their fractural orientation and density distribution characteristics are obtained. It shows that there exist differences of the fractural orientations in different tectonic parts and different depths, with NEE and NWW for the shear fractures, near EW for the lateral tension fractures and near SN for the vertical tension fractures. In axis and higher parts of the tectonic, fractures develop well than flank and lower parts, and with increase of the tectonic buried depth, fractures tend to more and more development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Groundwater Dynamic Environment and Hydrocarbon Distribution in Turpan Depression ZHANG Dai-sheng, GAO Cheng-quan, ZHANG Li-ming, HU Yuan-li 2003, 24 (6):  540-542.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (423KB) ( 304 )   Save Tu-Ha basin belongs to a gravity flow-type basin in hydrodynamics. The main water supply comes from Bogoda mountain of northern Tu-Ha basin, characterized by the high in north and low in south for regional elevation head, the weak in east and strong in west for water level gradient. The minimum elevation head is consistant with the transported elemation of subsiding center from Cretaceous to Quaternary period, i.e., from central seg of Hongtai area in east gradually transiting to south slope of Aiding lake in west. The hydrocarbon enrichment is controlled the hydrodynamic potential field and alternating zone between formation water and surface water, with complete matching to the area of low hydrodynamic potential. Also, the petroleum reservoir formed is affected by hydrodynamic field, causing oil-gas distribution to have been modulated and re-distributed, even displaced by surface water and damaged. It is concluded that Aiding lake slope area in southwestern Turpan depression (Luxi low salient) as low hydrodynamic potential area could be favorable place for forming lithologic/stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Significance of Unconformity Study in Current Exploration Practice of Junggar Basin LUO Kai-sheng 2003, 24 (6):  543-545.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (1161KB) ( 256 )   Save This paper summarizes the studied results of unconformity in Luliang uplift, Junggar basin, and outlines the conception of unconformity and its effect on oil control, integrated with related information at home and abroad, particularly, including analyses in detail of the significance of unconformity in hydrocarbon accumulation and its types of related combinations. By starting with unconformity research, in-depth analyses of such transport systems as sands-unconformity system, fault-unconformity system, sands-fault-unconformity system and the relationship of local and regional unconformities are made. It is pointed out that the longterm developing uplifts in northwestern margin, south part of northern margin and east part of Junggar basin are the most favorable areas for exploration of oil-gas reservoirs related to the unconformities. In addition, some effective approaches for dealing with these problems are sum up, and related key points are provided in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quantitative Description of Carbonate Reservoir in Lunnan Buried Hill, Tarim Basin WANG Peng, LIU Xing-xiao 2003, 24 (6):  546-548.  Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (829KB) ( 459 )   Save In light of seismic reflection amplitude, taking Well Block Lungu-5 as an example, the quantitative calibration of carbonate reservoir is made, and characteristics of different reflection amplitudes on seismic profile for a variety of reservoirs in it are studied, based on which the spatial and lateral distribution and scale, as well as the connectivity and quantitative volume of the reservoir space are gained. By this technical idea and method, reasonable prediction is performed of distribution patterns and volume of reservoir space in the fractures and caverns system of Well Block Lungu-5, improving the rate of successful drilling. For quantitative research of carbonate reservoirs, this paper presents a helpful approach without fail. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Formation Mechanism of Weima No.2 Gas Pool in Kongquehe Slope, Tarim Basin ZHAO Zeng-lu, LIU Wen-hui, YANG Bin-yi, WANG Pu-gui, FU Dai-guo, YAN Yong-xin, ZHANG Yan-qiu 2003, 24 (6):  549-551.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (1649KB) ( 515 )   Save There exist vertically structural sequences of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic in Kongquehe slope area, Tarim basin, horizontally nose-like uplifts of Baliying-Puzhong-Qunke and Longkou-Weima-Kaiping, and effective source rocks of continental Jurassic and marine Cambrian-Ordovician. Paleozoic and Mesozoic reservoir-cap rock assemblages are well developed, with good space-time configuration between trap shaped period and generation or expulsion period of hydrocarbons in source rocks and good preservation nature, which are favorable for forming large scale oil-gas reservoir conditions. Kongque-1 Well, located on Weima No.2 anticline structure in Kongquehe slope, has produce gas flow by drillstem test of Silurian. It is considered from analyses of the gas property and geochemical feature that formation of the gas in this area is of characteristics of multi-source composite and multi-stage continuity, belonging to petroliferous gas formed by sapropelic parent material, and marine sedimentary source rocks of Lower Paleozoic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Discovery and Geological Significance of Classopollis High-Content Zone SHI Tian-ming, ZHOU Chun-mei, HE Zhuo-sheng 2003, 24 (6):  552-554.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 288 )   Save This paper systematically collects and integrates palaeotologic information from downhole Sangonghe formation and outcrops in lunggar basin, and pays mainly attention to study of the distribution of sporopollen assemblage of Classopollis high-content zone in Sangonghe formation. The results show that strata with Classopollis high-content zone are big in thickness and high in content in the foreland of North Tianshan mountain, and become thinning and reducing from the south to the north of Iunggar basin. The Classopollis high-content zone in top of lower member of Sangonghe formation in Junggar basin is correlated with Sangonghe formation of Meiyaogou section in Turpan-Hami basin, upper member of Yangxia formation of Kuqa river section in Tarim basin, No.2 and 3 members of Dameigou formation of Dameigou section in Qinghai region, upper part of Tandonggou formation in Minhe basin and Fuxian formation in southern Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia basin, reflecting an arid climate occurred in period of Toar- cian in the world. The Classopollis high-content zone is a good marker bed, and can be used as one of markers for distinguishing between Middle Jurassic and the Lower Jurassic in Junggar basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Pressure Fall-off Curves in Volumetric Gas Reservoirs CHEN Yuan-qian, YAN Wei-ge 2003, 24 (6):  555-558.  Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (1675KB) ( 214 )   Save According to well pressure performance, the drawdown curves can be divided into three phases, namely non-steady, transitional and pseudosteady states. The method porposed in this paper can be used to determine OGIP, gas-bearing area, boundary delineation, well location and vertical fractural length, and to provide effective permeability, total skin factor, shape-dependent constant of formations under the conditions of original formation pressure available at shut-in after short completion and open flow production at stable or generally stable production rate followed by testing the drawdown data. It is verified that the method is effective in case application. For the effective application of the drawdown curves, it depends on the pressure performance obtaining pseudosteady state and simultanious solutions using pseudosteady and non-steady procedures as neccessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Well Spacing Design for Anisotropic Reservoirs LI Chuan-liang, LI Lian-min 2003, 24 (6):  559-561.  Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (852KB) ( 279 )   Save Uniform displacement of isotropic reservoirs can be established by means of even well spacing or well pattern, but that of anisotropic reservoirs depends on proper regulation of well spacing of different directions by permeability contrasts. This paper presents the theoretical equations for the latter through coordinate transformation and streamtube approaches. The results show that the ratio of well spacings in different directions equals the square root of the ratio of permeability in corresponding directions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Mapping and Application of Fractal Derivative Chart for Oil and Gas Reservoirs CHENG Xian-qiong, FENG Wen-guang 2003, 24 (6):  562-564.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (450KB) ( 168 )   Save Formation and development of fractal geometry provides an effective tool for describing the property of non-Euclid geometry system (i.e. fractal system). This tool can be applied for re-understanding of oil-gas flow regularities, and improvement of traditional mathematic models for describing oil-gas movement, as well as application of it into well test analysis. The fractal derivative chart is made by the mapping principle of traditional model chart and seems to be well matched with actual data simulated with traditional model, each parameter given by it is closer to in-situ complicated conditions. The chart can be applied for development of oil-gas fields. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Estimation of Gas Diffusion Loss Amount in Main Source Rocks of Northern Songliao Basin FU Xiao-fei, FU Guang, LI Chun, LU Shuang-fang 2003, 24 (6):  565-568.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (2328KB) ( 249 )   Save Based on gas diffusion mechanisms and classified systems under multi-gas supply, the estimation method of gas diffusion loss amount is established and applied in estimation of the gas diffusion loss amounts up to surface of four sets of main source rocks in northern Songliao basin. The resulted amount of 39.46×1012m3 accounts for 27.3% of the total amount of generated gas in source rocks, showing that gas diffusion is a significant factor for gas resource evaluation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Reserve-Production Ratio in Exploration and Development ZHAO Qing-fei 2003, 24 (6):  569-571.  Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (215KB) ( 208 )   Save Reserve-production ratio (RRP) is defined as the ratio of remaining recoverable reserves to annual production rate in a year for a country, an area or an oil-gas field. RRP can be analyzed and applied for diagnosis of a field’s development stage, stable production situation and resource guarantee degree. If value of RRP is too high, it will overstock capital in the form of reserves available; if the value is too low, it will result in low production guarantee degree. This paper studies the changing rules of RRP in different development stages of oilfields, the cut-off value in stable production stage, and incremental recoverable reserves required under planed output in terms of requirements of RRP in different development stages. Finally, the status and changing trend of RRP in areas or fields subordinated by Sinopec are estimated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Simulation of Water Coning Performance and Prediction of Water Breakthrough Time in Bottom-Water Reservoirs TANG Ren-xuan 2003, 24 (6):  572-573.  Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (552KB) ( 321 )   Save There are two percolation models developed for bottom-water reservoirs, i.e., the model for horizontal radial flow above perforation interval and the model for semispherical centripetal flow below perforation interval. Based on these models, implicit function for water-coning height at any time in any radius away from oil well axis before water breakthrough is derived, thus the time of bottom-water breakthrough and the section forms of water coning at different time can be determined. Also, this paper presents the comparison of computed and real results from two cases, with less than 5% of predicted error in water-breakthrough time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Play Assessment of Threshold Economic Oilfield Scale in Jiuquan Basin TIAN Bao-zhong, YUE Zhi-zhong 2003, 24 (6):  574-575.  Abstract ( 629 )   PDF (164KB) ( 153 )   Save According to “Some Requirements for Economic Evaluations of Engineering/Construction Project in PetroChina” and provision of “Techniques and Parameters for Economic Evaluations of Engineeringz/Construction Project in CNPC”, this paper developed several models for each play economic evaluation of Jiuquan basin through reasonable selection of required parameters integrated with its exploratory practices, and presented threshold economic oilfield scale computed by cash flow method. These can provide bases for determination of amount of economic resources in each play and composite decision-making analyses in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Discussion of Static Correction Approaches for Mountains in Southern Margin of Junggar Basin XUE Wei-ping, LIU Zhi-fan, ZHOU Qing-hua, LIANG Ying 2003, 24 (6):  576-578.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (1420KB) ( 230 )   Save The near-surface survey and static correction are the key tasks of seismic data processing for mountain landform, varied low-velocity zone and thickness as well as relief top interface of high-velocity layer in southern margin of Junggar basin. The basic principles, applicable conditions and merit and demerit of several conventional methods for surface structure survey are analyzed. In light of extremely varied landform and low-velocity zone thickness in the studied area, joint survey of surface geological structures is proposed and adopted. On the basis of extended generalized reciprocal method (EGR4), integrated with mini-refraction, differential log and ! values, the method for near-surface structural models is developed, and taking 3D seismic of Tugulu mountain area an example, the effectiveness of the composite modeling is indicated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Apatite Fission Tracks in Seeking Eroded Strata Thickness ZHAO Jun-qing, MI You-liang, WANG Jing-you, ZOU Wei-hong 2003, 24 (6):  579-581.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (1528KB) ( 391 )   Save Applying the technique of apatite fission-track length analysis, selecting Australia fanlike model, and along three most possible paths of thermal history, this paper makes numerical simulation of the analytical length distribution of Lower Cretaceous in Q-5 Well, Minan area. Through comparison with the measured length distribution, the reasonable geological evolution history of this well is determined. The simulation study shows that Cretaceous of Q-5 Well has ever been in the maximum burial depth (3 500m) of its evolution history 70 million years ago, followed by undergoing tectonic uplift and denudation, and resulting in the maximum eioded bickress of it is 2 500m. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Using Hydrocarbon Fingerprint Feature to Identify Major Production Horizon of Commingled Oil Well WANG Shun-yu, DAI Hong-ming, WANG Hai-qing 2003, 24 (6):  582-584.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (782KB) ( 196 )   Save The major production horizon of multizone commingled oil well is normally determined by using production logging, zonal testing and tracer logging. However, they are expensive, time consuming, sometimes done with well shut-in or off production, and even easily resulting in damage of oil zones in process of operation. This paper suggests that the horizon of multizone commingled oil well can be effectively identified using gas chromatographic fingerprint feature and differences of gas chromatograph- mass spectrographic fingerprint properties as well as hydrocarbon fingerprint variations of commingled crude oil, and makes suggestions of production adjustment as required taking this type of horizon identification in Liaohe oilfield as an example. The result shows that the applied effectiveness is emerging obviously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calibrating Chemical Flooding Recoverable Reserves with Graduation-Geometric Proportion Lapse Method WANG Xue-zhong, TIAN Ji, GU Jian-wei 2003, 24 (6):  585-586.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (176KB) ( 243 )   Save In light of characteristics of large incremental production rate, varied water cut and short response time, the graduation- geometric proportion lapse method used to calibrate chemical flooding recoverable reserves is discussed. The graduation can be made for phase of obvious fluctuation emerged in annual output data serial, generating a set of new data serial, which is applied for calculation of production index by regression with geometric proportion lapse method. Through calculation with small spacing data from Gugong oilfield, the method is verified to be more reliable. So does the calculation with data from 52+3 Well Block of west of District 7 in the field. Hence, it is indicated that this method is especially applied for calculation of recoverable reserves in chemical floding process and possesses values for deployment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Thinking about Sustainable Development in Domestic Hydrocarbon Resources: Part III GUO Zhan-qian 2003, 24 (6):  587-589.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (197KB) ( 238 )   Save Natural gas with a variety of types and functions is a clean energy that mankind strides from industrial civilization forward ecological civilization and an indispensable resource that ensures energy sources to be sustainable development. There are multiple genetic mechanisms and functions in the combustible hydrocarbon gas and incombustible non-hydrocarbon one in natural gas as a necessary accelerant for oilfield development, synthetic fuel as well as light industry and agriculture. China is very rich in natural gas resources, and six giant gas provinces have been discovered up to now. Its annual gas production rate will reach 500×108m3 in about 2010, the ultimate gas resources amount to be 55.16×1012m3. China will become a powerful country of gas production to be worthy of the name. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Review of Fan Delta Studies at Home and Abroad GU Yong-hong, WANG Zhen-yu, TAN Xiu-cheng 2003, 24 (6):  590-593.  Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (236KB) ( 539 )   Save Fan delta has been becoming a focus studied by sedimentologists at home and abroad. Through more than 30-year in- depfh studies, fan deltas’ sedimentary characteristics are more and more understood. This paper outlines the definition, classification, formation setting and process, sedimentary characteristics and models of fan delta as well as related study methods and tendency. These studies are of significance for searching for mineral deposits and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Also, there exist a lot of issues to be dealt with urgently for the study of fan deltas, needing in-depth researches to be made further. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Feasibility of Using Gas Cap Energy in Janajol Reservoir LIU Shun-sheng, FANG Iia-zhong, LI Xiao-shan, GUO Shuang-geng 2003, 24 (6):  594-597.  Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (2200KB) ( 250 )   Save The gas cap reservoirs in Janajol filed in Kazakhstan are developed through isolating the oil and gas zones by injecting water as a barrier adjacent to the gas-oil interface. The oil ring is to be recovered first (by pattern water-flooding in the oil rig), then the gas cap in the later stage or the oil and gas be developed simultaneously after the water barrier has been formed. Taking South Б pool of the field as an example, in-depth analysis of the relationship between the water injection volume of the barrier and the incremental oil production by gas cap expansion is made, by which the feasibility of developing the gas cap reservoir is examined by integration of barrier-water injection with pattern water-flooding in the oil ring, timing reduction of the barrier water injection rate, making full use of the gas cap expansion energy to gain high economic benefits. In addition, reasonable annual injection-withdrawal ratio as well as proportion of the barrier-water injection rate and the pattern water-flooding volume in the oil ring is determined by using numerical simulation methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics