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01 January 2019, Volume 35 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Conglomerate Lithofacies and Origin Models of Fan Deltas of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin YU Xinghe1, QU Jianhua2, TAN Chengpeng1, ZHANG Lei2, LI Xiaolu1, GAO Zhaopu1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (300KB) ( 112 )   Save On the basis of observation and description of cores, combining with the logging and seismic reflection characteristics, the complex conglomerates of the Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag of Junggar basin were studies. The Baikouquan conglomerates is proximal coarse fan delta genesis and can be subdivided into fan delta plain,fan delta front and pro-fan delta, according to the sedimentary characteristics of the conglomerates, and the front can be subdivided into inner front and outer front. In view of the sedimentary structure, particle shape, arrangement and support forms and cementation type, etc, the nine kinds of conglomerate lithofacies and the six lithofacies associations were described, which reflect different sedimentary microfacies environments, respectively: debris channel, braided channel, braided distributary channel, braided channel bar, underwater distributary channel and lobate body. The color, grain size, particle contact relationship, sedimentary structure, compositional and textural maturity of the conglomerates were compared among Xiazijie, Huangyangquan and Karamay fan deltas. And then the control factors, developed positions, source of supply and gradient of slope of the development of the fan delta were cleared. Finally, the origin models for the proximal coarse fan deltas were established: Xiazijie fan delta is a long axis and brush-like one controlled by continual supply of debris flow; Huangyangquan fan delta is a lobate one controlled by intermont enough supply of debris flow and tractive current, and Karamay fan delta is a fan?like one controlled by piedmont partial supply of tractive current Related Articles | Metrics

FanDelta Group Characteristics and Its Distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan Reservoirs inMahu Sag of Junggar Basin TANG Yong1, XU Yang2, QU Jianhua1, MENG Xiangchao2, ZOU Zhiwen2 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (300KB) ( 1478 )   Save The Triassic Baikouquan formation in Mahu depression belongs to shallow?water delta deposits under the background of gentle slope, in which gravity?flow lithofacies and fluid?flow lithofacies are developed. There exist six fan dalta systems in peripheral Mahu sag,they are Xiazijie, Huangyangquan, Zhongguai, Karamay, Madong and Xiayan fan dalta systems. According to the ancient slope, provenance supply way, such five types of fan deltas are classified as mountain?pass steep slope, mountain?pass gentle slope, near?mountain gentle slope, near?mountain steep slope and near?alluvial fan steep slope types. The fan?delta front has advantageous hydrocarbon accumulation conditions for the following reasons. It is adjacent to the Mahu sag; its sand bodies are widely distributed and extended to a large distance, and superposed in covering the mid?lower slope areas of the sag; there exist faults connecting underlying oil source rocks; the fan?delta plain facies tight belts on the sides and updip directions can shape effective shielding layers and the lateral and top?bottom lacustrine mudstone is developed as barriers, etc. All these can control the distribution and enrichment of oil and gas in vertical and areal directions.Hence the Mahu slope area possesses a macroscopic geological background for large?scale hydrocarbon accumulation, and the above research results can provide guidance for the lithologic reservoir exploration in Mahu sag Related Articles | Metrics

Current Situation and Changing Characteristics of Natural Gas Proved Reserves in PetroChina SUN Guangbo1, ZHANG Junfeng2, ZHAO Lihua1, XU Xiaolin1, JU Xiujuan1, YANG Guiru1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (300KB) ( 467 )   Save The analyses of natural gas proved reserves in PetroChina from 2000 to 2012 showed that the natural gas exploration has entered into a fast development stage, with the continuous growth of explorative investment. The proved natural gas reserves were keeping a high growth, large scale reserves blocks were constantly emerging, and more and more newly incremental gas reserves have been found from the deep?and super?deep reservoirs. These gas?bearing horizons were dominated by the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and the explorative domains were mainly in areas with tight sandstone, carbonate rock and thrust structural belt, including volcanic rock, biogenic gas and faulted basin,etc. It is predicted by the natural gas growth characteristics and changing tendency from PetroChina that the ancient strata and deep?super deep reservoirs are targets for natural gas exploration in future, tight sandstone, carbonate rock and thrust structural belt are the main domains, and large scale and low?and super?low permeability reserves are still the main features of the newly incremental natural gas reserves Related Articles | Metrics

Abnormal Pressure Distribution and Formation Mechanism in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin FENG Chonga, YAO Aiguob, WANG Jianfub, BAI Yub 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (300KB) ( 619 )   Save The Triassic and deeper formations in Mahu sag in Junggar basin are of abnormal high pressure which is one of the important factor controlling the oil and gas accumulation. This paper studied the distribution, origin and preservation condition of the abnormal high pressure using measured formation pressure, interval transit time and seismic data, combined with the sedimentary and tectonic settings as well as well compaction curve and well pressure prediction and basin simulation techniques. The result shows that the top surface of overpressure appears in different formations in different areas in Mahu sag. Its Jurassic and newer strata may not have overpressure in northwestern Mahu sag, but the overpressures are found in the Jurassic of southeastern Mahu sag and Dabasong swell. The main formation mechanism of the abnormal high pressure is undercompaction due to rapid sedimentation, while the contribution from organic material maturing is not big. The major factor of the abnormal high pressure formation near the fault zones in margin of the sag attributes to the other source overpressure that may create from the fault activity. The residual pressure evolution since the Triassic can be divided into four stages: free residual pressure stage, slowly increasing stage of it, rapid increasing stage and slowly decreasing stage. It is the unique sedimentary and tectonic evolution of Mahu sag that forms the conditions of top, bottom and edge plates of the abnormally pressured fluid compartment, which allows the abnormal high pressure to be kept to present Related Articles | Metrics

Kinetics of Crude Oil and Its GroupType Generation WEI Zhifu12, WANGYongli12, ZOU Yanrong3, PENG Pingan3 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 123 )   PDF (300KB) ( 205 )   Save Pyrolysis of two kerogens isolated from Niu?15 well (E3s3) and Wang?120 well (E2 s14 ) source rocks in the Dongying sag of Bohai Bay basin was performed in a confined system under pressure of 50 MPa at temperature of 2°C/h and 20°C/h. The generated products were extracted with solvent and separated using micro?column chromatography into group?type fractions like saturates, aromatics, resin and as phaltene. Kinetics 2000 software was employed to fit the kinetic parameters, including the total hydrocarbons and group composition produced from the two kerogen samples. The generation kinetics study of crude oil and its group?type fractions from the kerogens shows that the oil thresholds that the E3s3 and the E2 s14 source rocks were generated at about 4.26 ×106 a and 24.85×106 a, respectively, and the E3s3 source rocks are still in the main phase of hydrocarbon generation, while the E2 s14 source rocks in the late phase. At present, the yields of saturates, aromatics, resin and asphaltene from the E3s3 source rocks are 222.03 mg/g, 71.30 mg/g, 62.37 mg/g and 50.04 mg/g, while those from the E2 s14 source rocks are 280.94 mg/g, 95.98 mg/g, 66.79 mg/g and 53.82 mg/g, respectively Related Articles | Metrics

Structural Analysis and Kinematics Simulation of Xishan Anticline in Southeast Folded Belt,Sichuan Basin JIA Xiaole, HE Dengfa 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (300KB) ( 550 )   Save Based on the seismic data of high signal?to?noise ratio, this paper presents the structural geometry analysis of the structural deformation feature and characteristic parameters in Xishan anticline by means of fault?related folding theory and the kinematic simulation of the geometry deformation in terms of structural wedge and fault propagation fold modeling. The results show that Xihan anticline can be divided into shallow structural layer, middle structural layer and deep structural layer. The shallow structural layer was influenced by Late Yanshan-Himalayan orogenic movements and formed at the beginning of the Cretaceous and ended in the Holocene. The shallow structural deformation was controlled by the breakthrough fault developed on the bottom detachment of the Jialingjiang formation. The middle structure was influenced by Indosinian movement, shaped in Early Triassic and ended in Late Triassic, with structural wedge and fault?propagation fold. The deep structure was influenced by Caledonian movement and formed detachment fold. The Indosinian structural wedge and recoil faults, the Late Yanshan-Himalayan thrust faults and late denudation are the factors for the present tectonic framework in Xishan area Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Distribution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Pattern of Jurassic in Longdong Area of Ordos Basin YE Bo, LIANG Xiaowei, LI Weicheng, ZHEN Jing, MA Jiye 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (300KB) ( 578 )   Save This paper studies the pre?Jurassic paleogeomorphology, Fuxian-Yan’an Y8 sedimentary facies, the top layer structure and the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in order to make clear the distribution of Jurassic reservoir and the main controlling factors of the Middle and Lower Jurassic different horizons reservoirs. And the original paleogeomorphology features of "three slopes, three highlands, four valleys and ten interchannel hills" in Longdong area are restored. The results show that the Fuxian and Y10 reservoirs are mainly distributed in the slope and the interchannel hill areas. Y9 and Y8 reservoirs are located in the areas with distributary channel microfacies of delta plain matched with the nose?like uplift. The summarized four hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of the Jurassic are slope pattern, interchannel hill pattern, paleo?valley pattern and highland pattern. It is suggested that Fuxian and Y10 reservoirs are mainly controlled by pal?aeogeomorphology; Y9 and Y8 reservoirs are controlled by sedimentary facies and nose?like structure, and the palaeogeomorphology controls on hydrocarbon accumulation show down from Fuxian reservoir to Y10, Y9, Y8 reservoirs of Yan’an formation Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Meishan DeepWater Fans in Lingshui Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin WANG Yahui1, ZHANG Daojun1, CHEN Yang1, HE Weijun1, HAO Defeng1, ZHAO Pengxiao2, ZUO Qianmei1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (300KB) ( 183 )   Save The 3D seismic data, drilling and core sample data form Lingshui sag in Qiongdongnan basin are used to study the deep?water fan characteristic, sedimentary pattern and controlling factors developed in the Meishan formation of the Miocene. The results showed that several kinds of gravity?flow structures and sediments are developed in this formation and in bathyal environment. By analyses of 3D seismic data integrated with rock and mineral feature, grain size, sedimentary structure and log facies, such sedimentary microfacies as chan?nel, interchannel and sand sheet can be recognized. The Meishan deep?water fans belong to shelf?margin delta?valley?submarine fan sedimentary model which is mainly controlled by the tectonic framework of the Late Sanya formation, relative sea?level changes, slope break evolution and the material supply of the delta Related Articles | Metrics

Formation Mechanism of Condensate Gas Reservoir in Yaha Area in Slope Belt of Kuqa Foreland Basin LUO Xiao1, JIANG Zhenxue1a,1b, LI Zhuo1a,1b, LIU Jianliang2, GAO Tian1a,1b, CHEN Lei1a,1b, FENG Jie1a,1b 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (300KB) ( 297 )   Save The reservoirs discovered in the slope belts of foreland basin in central?western China are mostly condensate gas reservoirs, but their hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms are still unclear. Taking the Yaha area in Kuqa foreland basin as an example, the formation mechanism of condensate gas reservoir on this slope belt is analyzed. It is suggested that Yaha area is characterized by typical condensate oil and gas: high gas?oil ratio on the whole; low density, low viscosity and high wax for the condensate oil; wet gas for the condensate gas.Through measures of homogenization temperature of the brine inclusions associated with hydrocarbons, combined with burial history and geothermal history, it is determined that Yaha area has two periods of hydrocarbon accumulations: 8×106~5×106 a for crude oil charging and 5×106a for natural gas charging, particularly for 3×106a for natural gas charging. Hence, the formation process of Yaha condensate gas reservoir has been recovered, combined with the tectonic evolution history of Kuqa foreland basin, and the formation mechanism of“oil charging first and then gas invasion” for the secondary condensate gas reservoir in the slope belt of Kuqa foreland basin is proposed Related Articles | Metrics

History Simulation of Thermal Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation of Source Rocks in Bailian SubSag, Fushan Sag, Beibuwan Basin CHEN Shanbin1, GAN Huajun1, XIA Cunyin2, ZHAO Yingdong1, WANG Guanhong1, WANG Xiang1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (300KB) ( 398 )   Save In this paper, the thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history of source rocks in Bailian sub?sag of Fushan sag in Beibuwan basin are studied and recovered using BasinMod basin simulation software and EASY% Ro model, and the results show that the maximum value of hydrothermal flow in the rifting stage of the Early Eocene reached 68.6 mW/m2, and then deduced gradually to 55.6 mW/m2 by the end of Late Miocene. From the Early Pliocene, the value started to rise again and reaches about 57.8 mW/m2 at present. The Liusha?gang source rocks in Bailian sub?sag of Fushan sag entered into oil threshold of Ro=0.5% at about 38×106 a, reaching the hydrocarbon generation peak of Ro=1.0% at about 30×106 a, and at about 20×106 a, it entered into oil threshold of Ro=1.3%. Because the Liushagang source rock’s buried depth is larger, it has much higher maturity and stronger hydrocarbon generation capacity, which could provide abundant oil and gas resources for Fushan sag Related Articles | Metrics

Methods for Organic Reef Reservoir Identification by High Resolution Processing of Seismic Data WEI Shuijian1, CHENG Bingjie2, XU Tianji3 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (300KB) ( 418 )   Save Organic reef belongs to a type of special carbonate reservoir body, which plays a key role in the oil and gas storage, migration and accumulation phases and is an important geological target of petroleum exploration and development. However, it is difficult to identify it by high resolution or by single and conventional approaches, due to some unfavorable factors, including complicated inner structures, reef microfacies such as reef cap, reef core and reef basement, by which thin interbed geological framework can be easily developed and formed,and seismic signals restricted by low frequency and narrow frequency bandwidth. In terms of the frequency, phase, energy, waveform and other dynamic and geometric properties, this paper presents some special processing methods for energy compensation, frequent bandwidth expansion, wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, etc. The combined application of them can obtain the different range and high resolution seismic data which are able to highlight the seismic responses of the organic reefs, such as the boundary reflection of reef, the domeshaped reflection from reef outline, strong reflection from reef cap, low elevation reflection from reef bottom and overlap reflection from reef flanks, etc. These data from log, geological and high?resolution seismic prospecting as well as inversed P?wave impedance indicate that high?quality reservoir (reef cap) is low in wave impedance, the reef core and and biodetritus beach are relatively high in wave impedance, and the reef complex is of high?low constantly jumping impedances. The case study applied to Changxing reefs in Yuanba gas field shows good prediction results and high consistent rate between well logs and high resolution seismic data by comparison of the original seismic data with the real drilling results Related Articles | Metrics

Establishment of Novel Waterhammer Equations for PowerLaw Fluids Inside Pipe in MWD Drilling Fluid Pulse Signal Transmission System ZHANG Zhongzhi12LIU Tao3 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (300KB) ( 498 )   Save This paper deals with the pulse signal transmission mode for drilling fluids in measurement while drilling (MWD) systems. According to the fluid mechanics principles, the fundamental study on the waterhammer problem of non?Newtonian fluids in the signal transmission system of MWD was deeply investigated. A linear processing method and approximate expression of the differential viscosity for power?law fluids were proposed. The linear momentum balance equations with variable coefficients for the perturbed variables of transientflow of power?law fluids were presented. On the basis of this, the waterhammer equations of the power?law fluids were set up. The results showed that the solutions of transient flow problems for power?law fluids are not only related to the fluids nature, but also depended on flowing state of steady flows. The variable coefficients of the equations showed the main difference between Newtonian and non?Newtonian fluids transient flow. In this paper, the highlights of waterhammer equations for power?law fluids compared to the existing theories can be summarized: the study considers the behavior of the non?Newtonian fluids, and the solution is strictly analytical, so it need not be calculated through the empirical coefficients of Darcy?Weisbach. The proposed theory and evaluation method make up current deficiencies of the waterhammer theory for non?Newtonian fluids. The established theory in this paper provides the basis for the dynamic analysis of drilling fluid pulse signal transmission in MWD systems Related Articles | Metrics

Empirical Formulas for Saturation Pressure Calculation in Halahatang Oilfield, Tarim Basin CHEN Lixin1, SUN Yinhang2, GAO Chunhai1, WANG Lianshan2, YANG Xiaohua1, ZHANG Weiguo2 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (300KB) ( 378 )   Save Halahatang oilfield in Tarim basin is a fractured?vuggy carbonate reservoir with complex communication between fracture and vug systems, in which the different systems have obvious differences in oil saturation pressure and fluid property. This paper presents the empirical formulas for oil saturation pressure calculation in the different blocks using the initial solution gas?oil ratio and saturation pressure data available in this oilfield. The calculated result shows that the accuracy given from these formulas is higher than that from those at home and abroad. Based on the calculated saturation pressure and the measured reservoir pressure data, whether or not a reservoir enters into a stage of dissolved gas drive can be determined, providing basis for maintaining the reservoir pressure by in?advance water injection process, rational development decision?making and EOR Related Articles | Metrics

WaterYielding Mechanism and Water Control Measures in Kelameili Volcanic Gas Field,Junggar Basin DAI Yong1a, QIU Enbo1a, SHI Xinpu1b, YAN Zejiang1b, LI Bo1b, SHI Yongjun2, YANG Dan1b 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (300KB) ( 445 )   Save Kelameili gas field of Xinjiang Oilfield Company is a large and integrate volcanic gas field with proven one hundred billion cubic meters reserves in Junggar basin. Since putting into development, it was faced with such problems as water cut rising fast in gas wells,productivity declining and low degree of reserves producing, etc. In particular, the gradual increase of water?yielding wells has seriously restricted the gas field production. Hence, water control has become the most urgent problem to be solved to keep the stable gas production.Aiming at such phenomena, this paper studied the gas and water distribution regularities, water?yielding patterns and features as well as water invasion mechanism. It is preliminarily believed that Kelameili volcanic gas field mainly has three water invasion types: water coning,vertical water channeling and vertical channeling?lateral invading ones. According to these different water?invading patterns, this paper proposes the water control measures, performs the water control tests of the gas reservoir in Dixi?18 well block where the water?yielding is the most serious, and the results are satisfactory Related Articles | Metrics

Laboratory on Enhancing Oil Recovery of Ansai LowPermeability Reservoir by Microbial Combination Flooding Process ZHAO Wen1, YANG Jian1, HUANG Xianli1, XIAO Xinan1, JIN Xingyu1, CHEN Fulin2 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (300KB) ( 406 )   Save Two strains of bacteria with good oil displacement effect as a bio?surfactant were isolated from Ansai low?permeability reservoir,which were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN001 and Bacillus subtilis DN002. The ability of reducing the surface tension and interfacial tension, emulsion performance of crude oil and environmental adaptability for the two microbes were evaluated in experiment. The results show that the fermented liquid of the combination bacteria strains can reduce the surface tension of water from 72 to 25.1 mN/m and has high oil?water interfacial activity with the equilibrium interfacial tension of 0.954 3 mN/m. The screened microbial bacteria can thrive in Ansai reservoir environment. The core displacement experiment indicates that microbial combination flooding can improve recovery by 17.38%. These results show that the screened strains have a good performance in enhance oil recovery and provide a reliable experimental basis for the field application in Ansai reservoir Related Articles | Metrics

Optimization of Waterflooding Process for FaultControlled FractureCavity Reservoir of Ordovician in Tahe Field, Tarim Basin TAN Cong1, PENG Xiaolong1, LI Yang1, RONG Yuanshuai2, LI Xiaobo2 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (300KB) ( 419 )   Save The fault?controlled karst?cave reservoir body of the Ordovician in Tahe oilfield is one of the typical fracture?vuggy reservoirs in Tahe field. It is characterized by great potential for remaining oil development and obvious waterflooding effect. However, if unreasonable water injection mode may cause rapid water channeling along the top side and water breakthrough, resulting in low waterflooding recovery efficiency and short stable production. This paper presents the reasonable water injection mode and injection?production parameters for it in view of the main controlling factors of such a reservoir body controlled by faults by using reservoir numerical simulation and field statistical methods, in order to provide helpful references for EOR of the similar reservoirs Related Articles | Metrics

Derivation and Application of Material Balance Equation of Coalbed Methane Containing Dissolved Gas WANG Hongyu1,2, HUANG Bingguang1, LIU Zhenping1,2, WANG Nutao1, YUAN Lin1, XIE Yaxiong1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (300KB) ( 403 )   Save Coalbed methane is unconventional gas. Coalbed methane gas reservoir without obvious water interface, coal fracture and matrix is full filled with water, under temperature and pressure conditions, often rich water?soluble gas resources are accompanied by formation water. On the basis of previous research, this paper considers additional impact of dissolved gas from formation water, and established a new material balance equation. Further more, linearization the material balance equation and putting forward the average water saturation calculation method and cumulative coalbed methane production prediction equation, finally, getting the result that the material balance equation which considered water?soluble gas in coalbed methane gas is higher than that of not consider. Testing the reliability of the equation through real case, it can recognize the impact of dissolved gas form formation water to the nature gas in place quantitatively Related Articles | Metrics

Hydrocyclone Separation Technology for Super Heavy Oily Wastewater in Fengcheng Oilfield,Junggar Basin FAN Yuxin, WEI Xinchun, HU Xinyu, OUYANG Jianli, LIU Dongming 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (300KB) ( 403 )   Save The super heavy oil in Fengcheng oilfield is characterized by high density, high viscosity, high resin?asphalt content, high mudsand content in produced fluid and multiple emulsion forms, which result in difficult oil?water separation in this oilfield by the fact of high oil bearing content in the separated wastewater, high dosage for sewage treatment, low system operation efficiency and high treatment cost.The hydrocyclone separation is a economical and efficient technology for realizing high?temperature and sealed treatment, improving separation and waste oil back mixing treatment effect. This paper studied the suitable hydrocyclone separation technology for super heavy oily wastewater from Fengcheng oilfield in detail, forming a technology of swirl oil removal+chemical reaction for this super heavy oily wastewater treatment, which supplements or perfects the technology of ion swirl reaction for oily wastewater treatment in Xinjiang Oilfield as a new way Related Articles | Metrics

New Method for Selection of Waterdrive Type Curves Based on WaterCut Growth Regularity of An Oilfield DUAN Yu1, DAI Weihua2, YANG Dongdong11, LI Jinyi1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (300KB) ( 421 )   Save In view of A, B, C and D four types of waterdrive curves’practical application in oil field, this paper proposed a new method for selection of appropriate waterdrive type curve based on the regularity of water?cut growth of oilfield. Through obtaining the related water cuts and expressions from these four types of curves’formulas, the discrimination of the expression functions is made in terms of monotonicity, inflection point and extreme value point, and then the characteristic pattern and chart reflecting the four waterdrive?type?curve regularities are gained. By comparison between real water?cut rising regularity of an oilfield and the characteristic chart, we can quickly select the appropriate type curve for guiding oilfield development. The case study shows that this method is reliable, effective, simple to use and worthy of popularization Related Articles | Metrics

Application of GasDrive Characteristic Curve in Condensate Gas Reservoir by Dry Gas Injection Development Process GU Qiaoyuan1, TANG Zhaoqing2, XIAN Bo1, HUANG Bingguang2, WANG Yong1, ZHANG Dapeng1 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (300KB) ( 404 )   Save Injecting dry gas into condensate gas reservoir with high oil content under high pressure can slow down the decline rate of formation pressure, restrain retrograde and improve ultimate recovery of condensate oil. As the best method to develop condensate gas reservoir with high oil content, this paper proposes a method for using gas?drive characteristic curve to study the production performance of condensate gas reservoir. The case studied results are used to verify the reliability of such a gas?drive characteristic curve pattern by the production performance data from Yaha?23 condensate gas reservoir, and develop the relationship between cumulative condensate oil and produced gas?oil ratio. When the abandonment pressure is reached in condensate gas reservoirs, this method can be effectively applied to determine the recoverable reserves of condensate oil Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Directional Well Technology to Potential Heavy Oil Layers Development by New Well Pattern in District No.9 in Karamay Oilfield REN Jiaping 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (300KB) ( 216 )   Save The heavy oil reservoir in District No.9 in Karamay oilfield is characterized by multi?set oil reservoirs in vertical, of which the major reservoir Qigu formation has developed by steam stimulation and steam drive processes for 25 years, and now it has entered into production decline stage. In order to keep the stable production of the District No. 9, using directional well technology combined with vertical wells, a set of new well patterns for development of Karamay reservoir has established and successfully solved this problem. The combination and application of directional well and vertical well ensure the implementation of the potential layer design pattern and the integrity of the development pattern in this district, realizing the target of simultaneous development of Qigu reservoir and Karamay reservoir Related Articles | Metrics

Discussion on the Theory of the Double Effective Stresses of Porous Medium HONG Liang1,2, LIU Xiongzhi2, YANG Zhaoping2, GUO Weihua2, FANG Guangjian2, HAO Tao2 2014, 35 (6):  1-1.  Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (300KB) ( 796 )   Save The main idea of the theory of the揹ouble effective stresses攊n porous medium proposed by Dr. LI Chuanliang is that porous Gmedium, under force, bear two stresses that are“primary effective stress”and“structural effective stress”, which controls the elastic deformation and the structural deformation, respectively. The mechanism of porous medium deformation is researched based on mechanical analysis. The result indicates that the concept of the“primary deformation”is not suitable, which may be replaced by“elastic deformation”.And the above“elastic deformation”does not depend on the“elastic effective stress”but the value of extra stress, value of intergranular contact stress, value of fluid pressure and the distribution of the above stresses; and the structural deformation does not depend on the?structural effective stress”but the value of extra stress, value of intergranular contact stress, value of fluid pressure, value of intergranular friction stress, value of intergranular bonding stress and the distribution of the above stresses. The immature and controversial theory of?double effective stresses”is apparently exaggerated Related Articles | Metrics