气顶油藏动态诊断新方法研究与应用

doi:10.7657/XJPG20240509

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气顶油藏在开发过程中存在原油、溶解气、气顶气、凝析油、地层水等多相流体。准确计算地层压力及各相采出程度是该类型油气藏动态诊断及剩余油气挖潜的关键。目前已有的地层压力计算方法难以有效考虑水侵等多种复杂驱动能量，导致各相采出劈分不确定性较大，增加了调整挖潜风险。通过水侵量拟合及牛顿迭代求解法，建立了1套以水侵特征分析及平均地层压力求解为基础的气顶油藏动态诊断新方法。该方法在M油田Y3气顶油藏应用结果表明，Y3气顶油藏产出油中原油占比为89.7%，凝析油占比仅为10.3%，产出气中气顶气占比为97.9%，溶解气占比仅为2.1%，气顶气与凝析油采出程度分别高达46.6%和31.2%，原油及溶解气采出程度仅为12.1%和1.7%，该结果与生产测试结果一致。

关键词: 气顶油藏, 动态诊断, 水侵, 平均地层压力, 分相产出, 剩余油气挖潜

Abstract:

During the development of gas-cap reservoirs, crude oil, dissolved gas, gas-cap gas, condensate oil, and formation water may be produced simultaneously. Accurately calculating formation pressure and recovery percent of each phase is crucial for dynamic diagnosis and potential tapping of remaining oil and gas in such reservoirs. Current methods for calculating formation pressure fail to take water invasion into consideration, leading to uncertainty in production splitting, which increases the risks in subsequent adjustment and potential tapping. Through water influx fitting and Newton iteration methods, a new method for dynamic diagnosis of gas-cap reservoirs based on water invasion characteristic analysis and average formation pressure prediction was established. The application of this method in the Y3 gas-cap reservoir in the M oilfield indicates that crude oil and condensate oil account for 89.7% and 10.3% in the produced oil, respectively, and the produced gas contains 97.9% gas-cap gas and only 2.1% dissolved gas. The recovery efficiency of gas-cap gas and condensate oil is as high as 46.6% and 31.2%, respectively, while the recovery efficiency of crude oil and dissolved gas is merely 12.1% and 1.7%, respectively. These results are consistent with production test results.

Key words: gas-cap reservoir, dynamic diagnosis, water invasion, average formation pressure, phase partitioning, remaining oil and gas potential tapping

中图分类号:

TE372

伍锐东, 王睿, 马恋, 张春光, 宋刚祥, 石美雪, 路颖. 气顶油藏动态诊断新方法研究与应用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(5): 574-580.

WU Ruidong, WANG Rui, MA Lian, ZHANG Chunguang, SONG Gangxiang, SHI Meixue, LU Ying. Research and Application of a New Method for Dynamic Diagnosis of Gas-Cap Reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(5): 574-580.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

参考文献 25

[1]	岳宝林, 祝晓林, 刘斌, 等. 气顶边水油藏天然能量开发界面运移规律研究[J]. 天然气与石油, 2021, 39(5):74-79.
	YUE Baolin, ZHU Xiaolin, LIU Bin, et al. Research on migration law of natural energy development interface in gas cap edge water narrow oil ring reservoir[J]. Natural Gas and Oil, 2021, 39(5):74-79.
[2]	孙晓娜, 卫喜辉, 谢明英, 等. 示踪剂技术在海上复杂驱动类型油田开发中的应用[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2022, 36(2):62-65.
	SUN Xiaona, WEI Xihui, XIE Mingying, et al. Application of tracer technology in the development of offshore complex drive type oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2022, 36(2):62-65.
[3]	喻莲, 赵文琪, 陈礼, 等. 凝析气顶油藏复杂气窜问题研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2013, 20(4):110-112.
	YU Lian, ZHAO Wenqi, CHEN Li, et al. Research on complex gas channeling in reservoir with condensate gas cap[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2013, 20(4):110-112.
[4]	岳宝林, 祝晓林, 刘斌, 等. 气顶边水窄油环油藏开采中后期开发方式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(1):102-106.
	YUE Baolin, ZHU Xiaolin, LIU Bin, et al. Mid-late development of reservoirs with narrow oil ring,gas cap and edge water[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(1):102-106.
[5]	王瑞. 人工气顶稳定气驱条件及其影响因素[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(24):10236-10245.
	WANG Rui. Interface stability conditions and influencing factors of artificial gas cap flooding[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(24):10236-10245.
[6]	王彬, 杜建芬, 刘奇, 等. 带油环凝析气藏注气吞吐采出流体特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(1):48-51.
	WANG Bin, DU Jianfen, LIU Qi, et al. Characteristics of produced fluid from condensate gas reservoirs with oil rings developed by gas-injection huff and puff[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(1):48-51.
[7]	鹿克峰. 油气同采方式下气顶油藏原油侵入状况的判断与调整[J]. 中国海上油气, 2017, 29(5):69-74.
	LU Kefeng. Judgement and adjustment of crude oil invasion for oil and gas commingled production in gas cap reservoir[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2017, 29(5):69-74.
[8]	朱丽娜, 张艺钟, 张茂林, 等. 一种气顶底水油藏平均地层压力计算新方法[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2023, 30(5):139-146.
	ZHU Lina, ZHANG Yizhong, ZHANG Maolin, et al. A new method for calculating average formation pressure of gas cap and bottom water reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2023, 30(5):139-146.
[9]	傅英, 王惠芝, 王书彬. 凝析气藏黑油产量劈分方法[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2012, 26(4):65-67.
	FU Ying, WANG Huizhi, WANG Shubin. Production split of gas condensate reservoirs with black oil[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2012, 26(4):65-67.
[10]	刘丽娜, 印婷, 郑小杰, 等. 塔河油田强底水凝析气顶油藏地面产量劈分的新方法[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(2):65-70.
	LIU Lina, YIN Ting, ZHENG Xiaojie, et al. A new method to ground production split of condensate gas cap reservoirs with strong bottom water in Tahe oilfield[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(2):65-70.
[11]	陈斯宇, 秦峰, 洪舒娜, 等. 一种适用于带油环凝析气藏多相流体产量劈分的改进方法[J]. 天然气工业, 2023, 43(6):56.
	CHEN Siyu, QIN Feng, HONG Shuna, et al. An improved method for production split of gas condensate reservoir with oil ring[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023, 43(6):56.
[12]	陶永富, 许瑞, 乔梁, 等. 应用物质平衡法评价鸭儿峡M油藏地层压力[J]. 油气井测试, 2019, 28(1):72-78.
	TAO Yongfu, XU Rui, QIAO Liang, et al. Evaluation of formation pressure in M reservoir of Yaerxia oilfield by material balance method[J]. Well Testing, 2019, 28(1):72-78.
[13]	尹洪军, 文刚, 邢翠巧, 等. 多井系统复合油藏平均地层压力计算方法研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019, 26(4):76-80.
	YIN Hongjun, WEN Gang, XING Cuiqiao, et al. Average formation pressure calculation for the composite oil reservoir with multi-well system[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26(4):76-80.
[14]	张磊, 王永科, 倪军, 等. 气藏平均地层压力跟踪计算新方法[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4):492-499. doi: 10.7623/syxb202104006
	ZHANG Lei, WANG Yongke, NI Jun, et al. A new method for tracking and calculating average formation pressure of gas reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(4):492-499. doi: 10.7623/syxb202104006
[15]	宋刚祥, 陆嫣, 丁芳, 等. 带底油凝析气藏动态诊断及均衡开采技术[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6):890-894. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.10.002
	SONG Gangxiang, LU Yan, DING Fang, et al. Study on dynamic diagnosis and equilibrium production technology for the gas condensate reservoir with bottom oil[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020, 31(6):890-894. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.10.002
[16]	王星, 黄全华, 尹琅, 等. 考虑水侵和补给的气藏物质平衡方程的建立及应用[J]. 天然气工业, 2010, 30(9):32-35.
	WANG Xing, HUANG Quanhua, YIN Lang, et al. Setting-up and application of the material balance equations for a gas reservoir considering water influx and supply region[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2010, 30(9):32-35.
[17]	王怒涛, 张武, 李琛. 带油环凝析气藏物质平衡方程新形式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2016, 37(5):556-560.
	WANG Nutao, ZHANG Wu, LI Chen. A new form of material balance equation for condensate gas reservoirs with oil rings[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(5):556-560.
[18]	闫正和, 石军太, 秦峰, 等. 水驱气藏动态储量和水侵量计算新方法[J]. 中国海上油气, 2021, 33(1):93-103.
	YAN Zhenghe, SHI Juntai, QIN Feng, et al. A new method for calculating dynamic reserves and water influx of water drive gas reservoirs[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2021, 33(1):93-103.
[19]	鹿克峰. 水驱气藏水侵预测经典经验关系式lnω=BlnR的适用性分析[J]. 中国海上油气, 2016, 28(6):40-45.
	LU Kefeng. Applicability analysis on classical empirical relation lnω=BlnR of water invasion prediction for water drive gas reservoirs[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2016, 28(6):40-45.
[20]	廖志, 李佳佶. 水驱气藏典型水侵量计算方法综述[J]. 石化技术, 2016, 23(4):117-118.
	LIAO Zhi, LI Jiaji. Review of typical calculation methods for water influx of water drive gas reservoir[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2016, 23(4):117-118.
[21]	张亮, 赵康伟, 张志平, 等. 基于牛顿迭代和凸优化的主动推力调节弹道规划方法[J]. 中国惯性技术学报, 2023, 31(12):1220-1227.
	ZHANG Liang, ZHAO Kangwei, ZHANG Zhiping, et al. Trajectory planning method based on Newton iteration,convex optimization and active thrust adjustment[J]. Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology, 2023, 31(12):1220-1227.
[22]	刘合, 李艳春, 贾德利, 等. 人工智能在注水开发方案精细化调整中的应用现状及展望[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(9):1574-1586. doi: 10.7623/syxb202309014
	LIU He, LI Yanchun, JIA Deli, et al. Application status and prospects of artificial intelligence in the refinement of waterflooding development program[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(9):1574-1586. doi: 10.7623/syxb202309014
[23]	蔡珺君, 唐青松, 欧家强, 等. 考虑水侵的异常高压气藏流动物质平衡[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26(5):596-600.
	CAI Junjun, TANG Qingsong, OU Jiaqiang, et al. Flow mass balance in overpressured gas reservoirs considering water influx[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2019, 26(5):596-600.
[24]	李元生, 藤赛男. 底水气藏非稳态流动水侵量和动储量预测模型研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2023, 30(2):116-121. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2023.02.016
	LI Yuansheng, TENG Sainan. Study on prediction model for unsteady water influx rate and dynamic reserves of gas reservoirs with bottom water[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2023, 30(2):116-121.
[25]	岳世俊, 刘应如, 项燚伟, 等. 一种水侵气藏动态储量和水侵量计算新方法[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2023, 35(5):153-160.
	YUE Shijun, LIU Yingru, XIANG Yiwei, et al. A new method for calculating dynamic reserves and water influx of water-invaded gas reservoirs[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(5):153-160.

生产时间/d	实测压力/MPa	水侵量/10⁴ m³
0	27.0	0
543	24.5	58
645	23.9	55
829	23.4	62
1 412	23.0	89
2 254	21.5	118
2 346	21.0	122
2 741	20.6	141

参数	X4气藏	Q1气藏
埋深/m	3 080.70	1 863.55
地层倾角/（°）	6~10	1~3
气顶指数	4.7	2.6
气顶有效厚度/m	19.8	10.2
底油有效厚度/m	6.2	3.4
水体类型	底水（估算30倍）	底水（偏刚性）
凝析油含量/（cm³·m^-3）	418	242
井型	定向井，射孔段中深位于气油界面	水平井
开发策略	初始射开气2 m，油1 m，油气同采，目前为气顶高部位布井，采气为主	气顶布井，采气为主
计算地层压力/MPa	23.79	18.36
实测地层压力/MPa	23.85	18.32
原油采出程度/%	5.7	0.9
天然气采出程度/%	35.1	37.6