蒸汽吞吐地层热量变化机理

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加热地层以降低原油黏度是蒸汽吞吐的主要机理之一，构建考虑热对流和热传导的动态传热模型，通过耦合温度场和压力场，计算地层压力、地层温度和流体对流速度，进而分析地层热量的动态变化规律。结果表明：在注汽阶段，周期注汽量相同的条件下，注汽时间为6.0~10.0 d时，加热速度和地层净热量均较高；在焖井阶段，压力停止上升，热对流快速减弱，地层加热速度大幅下降，焖井4.0 d后降幅达88.3%，可以开井生产；在采油阶段，热传导起主要作用，地层热量缓慢稳步上升；经过1个吞吐周期，地层热量增量的57.7%随着产液被回收，42.3%保留在地层中。该研究可以更好地了解蒸汽吞吐过程中的地层热量变化规律，为注采参数的优化和蒸汽热量的流向分析提供支撑。

关键词: 蒸汽吞吐, 地层热量, 原油黏度, 热对流, 热传导, 温度场, 加热速度

Abstract:

Heating formation to reduce crude oil viscosity is one of the main mechanisms of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). A dynamic heat transfer model considering both thermal convection and thermal conduction was established. Coupling temperature and pressure fields, this model was used to determine formation pressure, formation temperature, and fluid convection velocity, so that the dynamic variation of formation heat was analyzed. The research results show that, in the steam injection stage, given the same cyclic steam injection volume, higher heating rates and net heat are achieved when the injection duration is 6.0-10.0 days. In the soaking stage, when the pressure stops rising, thermal convection weakens rapidly, and formation heating rate significantly decreases, with an 88.3% drop in heating rate after 4.0 days of soaking, allowing for well production. In the production stage, thermal conduction becomes the dominant mechanism, and the formation heat increases slowly and steadily. After one cycle of CSS, 57.7% of the incremental heat is recovered with the produced fluid, while 42.3% remains in the formation. This study provides a deeper understanding of the formation heat variation during CSS, which supports the optimization of injection-production parameters and the analysis of steam heat flow.

Key words: CSS, formation heat, crude oil viscosity, thermal convection, thermal conduction, temperature field, heating rate

中图分类号:

TE357.44

姚长江, 贾新峰, 尚策, 李可寒, 焦滨海, 高飞, 林志强. 蒸汽吞吐地层热量变化机理[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(1): 64-70.

YAO Changjiang, JIA Xinfeng, SHANG Ce, LI Kehan, JIAO Binhai, GAO Fei, LIN Zhiqiang. Formation Heat Variation Pattern During Cyclic Steam Stimulation[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(1): 64-70.

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参数	取值
孔隙度	0.3
绝对渗透率/mD	1 000
初始地层温度/℃	20
初始地层压力/Pa	20 000
井筒半径/m	0.1
蒸汽腔半径/m	10
油藏半径/m	50
油藏厚度/m	10
原油密度/（kg·m^-3）	945.6
初始含油饱和度	0.7
注汽温度/℃	250
注汽压力/Pa	400 000
蒸汽干度/%	11