新疆石油地质

新疆石油地质 ›› 1995, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.

• •    下一篇

论板块构造旋回与油气壳－幔深部成因说

张恺   

  1. 石油天然气总公司石油勘探开发科学研究院 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:1994-09-03 出版日期:1995-03-01 发布日期:2020-07-28
  • 作者简介:教授级高工 石油地质

PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE AND THEORY ON DEEP CRUST-MANTLE PETROLEUM ORIGIN

Zhang Kai   

  1. Professor of Etigitieering, Petroleum Geology, Scientific Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083
  • Received:1994-09-03 Online:1995-03-01 Published:2020-07-28

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摘要： 组成地球的原始物质, 在原始低温条件下凝聚时就含有丰富的H2、CH4、C2H6等烃类物质和碳化物。它们被吸收和封闭于地核、地幔和地壳中。板块构造旋回所形成的各种断裂系统, 以及在地球演化的各个阶段, 外来天体对地球的撞击在地球上形成的裂隙系统, 为地球深部无机成因的烃类物质由高温、高压环境向低温、低压环境运移提供了通道。原始的简单烃类物质在运移过程中发生复杂的聚合、化学反应, 形成各种高分子碳氢化合物, 而由各种基性岩和超基世岩在高温高压下脱出的大量水分在运移过程中遇到金属碳化物时, 也能形成碳氢化合物。在这些碳氢化合物沿着各种断裂－裂隙系统运移途中, 遇到良好的圈闭和封闭条件, 便可形成各种类型的油气田（藏）。根据各种类型的板块活动带所具备的地质－地球化学条件, 可划分出五种油气无机成因模式, 七种油气无机成因模式组合。

关键词: 石油, 天然气, 无机成因, 板块构造, 断裂带, 沉降带

Abstract: Fundamental materials comprising the earth contain abundant hydrocarbons and carbonide (e. g. H2, CH4, C2H6) when they condensed at initial low temperature, which then were absorbed and trapped within core, mantle, and crust. Various types of plate tectonic belts resulting from plate tectonic cycle formed super lithosphere faulting system lithosphere faulting system, super crust faulting system, crust faulting system, basement faulting system, and caprock faulting system. Moreover, collision of celestial bodies with the earth can produce sizevarying fracture systems in the earth at different stages of the earth's evolution. These systems then act as a passageway for migration of deep hydrocarbons of inorganic origin from high-temperature, high-pressure zones into low-temperature?low-pressure zones. Complex polymerization and chemical reaction of these simple hydrocarbons in the process of migration can generate various heavy-molecular-weight hydrocarbon. On the other hand, large amounts of water released from basic rocks and super basic rocks at high temperature and pressure can react with carbonide to form hydrocarbon. When good traps and seals were encountered, these resulting hydrocarbons could be gathered into the reservoir of different types. Based on the geologic and geochemical conditions of different plate tectonic belts, inorganic origin model can be classified into five categories, i. e. cosmogenic gas, cosmogenic oil, crust-mantle degassification, plate tectonic belt, and deep crust-mantle. Furthermore, plate tectonic cycles match well with the geologic and geochemical conditions of belts of inorganic hydrocarbon origin, then seven kinds of combinations of inorganic models can also be formed. This theory will extend oil and gas exploration objectives to the Proterozoic, Archaeozoic, and deep orogenic belt, assumed on hydrocarbon potential in organic theory, as well as deep for mation below the so-called "deal line of natural gas".

Key words: Petroleum, Natural gas, Inorganic origin, Plate tectonics, Fault belt, Subsiding belt