塔河油田海西运动早期岩溶水系统划分及特征

doi:10.7657/XJPG20230602

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地塔河油田中—下奥陶统海西运动早期地表及地下岩溶形态多样，地下岩溶缝洞系统中油气资源丰富。根据高精度地震资料及钻井资料，统一地下及地表水系统，构建了塔河油田中—下奥陶统海西运动早期岩溶水系统。研究结果表明：塔河油田中—下奥陶统在海西运动早期发育4个岩溶台地，总体呈东高西低阶梯分布，岩溶水差异化排泄和溶蚀作用造成各岩溶台地发育峡谷、伏流、深切曲流、宽谷等不同水文地貌形态；岩溶水系统的边界主要为地表分水岭、排泄基准面、地层岩性组合、断裂和弱溶蚀带；塔河油田岩溶水系统划分为4个相对独立的二级岩溶水系统，分别为高原峡谷水系统、伏流峡谷水系统、深切曲流水系统和宽谷水系统；岩溶水系统层级结构的划分为深化塔河油田岩溶缝洞系统和岩溶缝洞单元认识提供地质依据。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 塔河油田, 海西运动早期, 奥陶系, 岩溶缝洞, 岩溶水系统, 地貌形态

Abstract:

In the Tahe oilfield of the Tarim basin, the Middle-Lower Ordovician surface and subsurface karsts were diverse morphologically in the early Hercynian. There are abundant oil and gas resources in subsurface karst fracture-vug systems. Based on high-precision seismic data and drilling data, and by unifying the subsurface and surface water systems, the Middle-Lower Ordovician karst water system in the early Hercynian movement in the Tahe oilfield was constructed. The research results show that, in the early stage of the Hercynian movement in the Tahe oilfield, there developed four karst platforms in the Middle-Lower Ordovician, generally distributed in a step-like pattern with higher elevation in the east than in the west. The differential drainage and dissolution of karst water resulted in various hydromorphology, such as canyon, underground river, incised meandering river, and wide valley. The karst water system are mainly bounded by surface watershed, drainage baseline, stratigraphic lithology assemblage, fault, and weak dissolution zone. The karst water system in the Tahe oilfield can be divided into four relatively independent secondary karst water systems: plateau canyon water system, underground river canyon water system, incised meandering river water system, and wide valley water system. This classification of the hierarchical structure of the karst water system provides a geological basis for further understanding the karst fracture-vug system and karst fracture-vug unit in the Tahe oilfield.

Key words: Tarim basin, Tahe oilfield, early Hercynian movement, Ordovician, karst fracture-vug, karst water system, hydromorphological feature

中图分类号:

TE122.2

张长建, 杨德彬, 吕艳萍, 张娟, 李杰, 丁立明. 塔河油田海西运动早期岩溶水系统划分及特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(6): 646-656.

ZHANG Changjian, YANG Debin, LYU Yanping, ZHANG Juan, LI Jie, DING Liming. Division and Characteristics of Karst Water System in Early Hercynian Movement in Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(6): 646-656.

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岩溶台地（岩溶水系统）	古地貌高程/m	微地貌	地表水系	地下水系
Ⅰ号岩溶台地（高原峡谷水系统）	-300~-100	峡谷、峰丛、丘丛和沟谷	南北向汇流，对称型树枝状地表水系	平面树枝状结构，少量单支状和网状，洞道延伸长度长，个别长达20.0 km，主要为暗河型
Ⅱ号岩溶台地（伏流峡谷水系统）	-350~-300	峡谷、溶峰、溶丘和洼地	南北向汇流，向斜式树枝状地表水系，主干水系呈深切曲流峡谷、峡谷和伏流-天窗3段结构	平面树枝状结构，洞道延伸长度长达8.0 km，主要为伏流型和暗河型
Ⅲ号岩溶台地（深切曲流水系统）	-500~-350	曲流峡谷、溶峰、溶丘和洼地	东西向汇流，南北向汇流模式的深切曲流地表水系；S94-1地表水系为由北向南的扇形汇流模式	平面单支状结构，少量树枝状，延伸长度较短，为0.4~4.0 km，主要为顺河潜流型、伏流型、暗河型、渗流入流型和穿洞型
Ⅳ号岩溶台地（宽谷水系统）	-600~-500	溶丘、洼地和平原	由北向南汇流，树枝状宽谷地表水系	平面单支状结构，洞道延伸长度为0.2~0.4 km，主要为暗河型