塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸周缘阳霞组沉积相

doi:10.7657/XJPG20240603

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地北部雅克拉断凸周缘侏罗系是重要的油气勘探层位，主要发育断凸为物源的近源冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系，但该模式难以解释雅克拉断凸南部侏罗系大规模砂体发育的原因。在雅克拉断凸构造演化分析的基础上，利用地震、岩心、储集层等资料，开展沉积相特征的综合分析，确定雅克拉断凸周缘侏罗系阳霞组沉积相空间分布规律。雅克拉断凸在侏罗系沉积期整体具有西高东低的特征，西部受剥蚀，东部在阳霞组沉积晚期为准平原化状态，其沉积体系主要包括2部分：一部分为雅克拉断凸西部物源，形成大量沿断凸呈裙边分布的近源扇三角洲沉积体系；另一部分为南天山物源，在雅克拉断凸东部形成了自北向南延伸的浅水辫状河三角洲沉积体系。从储集层特征上看，扇三角洲沉积体系岩性较粗，主要为砾岩和含砾中—粗砂岩，结构成熟度和成分成熟度低，物性差；辫状河三角洲沉积体系岩性主要为含砾中—细砂岩，搬运距离长，结构成熟度和成分成熟度较高，物性较好。阳霞凹陷东部地区阳霞组可能成为有利的勘探目标区。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 雅克拉断凸, 侏罗系, 阳霞组, 构造演化, 沉积体系

Abstract:

The Jurassic strata in the areas around the Yakela fault-bulge in the northern Tarim basin are critical targets for hydrocarbon exploration, where a near-source alluvial fan-fan delta system with the fault-bulge as a provenance is developed. This cannot explain the extensive development of the sandbodies in Jurassic in the southern Yakela fault-bulge. Based on the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the Yakela fault-bulge, together with the seismic and core data and the reservoir characteristics, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the sedimentary facies to determine the spatial distribution patterns of the sedimentary facies in the Jurassic Yangxia formation around the Yakela fault-bulge. It is found that during the Jurassic deposition the Yakela fault-bulge as a whole was higher in the west than in the east, with erosion occurring in the west and a peneplain state in the east at the late stage of Yangxia formation deposition. The sedimentary system primarily comprises two parts: one sourced from the western Yakela fault-bulge, forming an apron-like distribution of the near-source fan delta deposits along the fault-bulge; the other sourced from the southern Tianshan Mountains, forming a braided river delta system extending from north to south in the eastern Yakela fault-bulge. From the perspective of reservoir characteristics, the fan delta system is characterized by coarse lithology, mainly including conglomerates and gravel-bearing medium-coarse sandstones, with low textural and compositional maturities and poor physical properties. In contrast, the braided river delta system predominantly consists of gravel-bearing medium-fine sandstones, and records a long transport distance, with high textural and compositional maturities and good physical properties. The Yangxia formation in the eastern Yangxia sag may be a potential favorable exploration target.

Key words: Tarim basin, Yakela fault-bulge, Jurassic, Yangxia formation, tectonic evolution, sedimentary system

中图分类号:

TE122.1

杨玉芳, 肖强, 苏荣昆, 刘洪平, 张莉, 孟璐莹. 塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸周缘阳霞组沉积相[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(6): 650-658.

YANG Yufang, XIAO Qiang, SU Rongkun, LIU Hongping, ZHANG Li, MENG Luying. Sedimentary Facies of Yangxia Formation Around Yakela Fault-Bulge in Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(6): 650-658.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

参考文献 19

[1]	罗小龙, 汤良杰, 谢大庆, 等. 塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸构造样式与油气成藏[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2012, 19(3):38-41.
	LUO Xiaolong, TANG Liangjie, XIE Daqing, et al. Structural styles and hydrocarbon accumulation in Yakela fault-convex,Tarim basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2012, 19(3):38-41.
[2]	杨圣彬, 刘忠宝, 耿新霞. 雅克拉断凸张扭断裂构造特征与油气运聚关系[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 49(2):269-276.
	YANG Shengbin, LIU Zhongbao, GENG Xinxia. Relationship between gas accumulation and structural characteristics of extensional-shear fault system in Yakela fault block[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2013, 49(2):269-276.
[3]	贾承造, 顾家裕, 张光亚. 库车拗陷大中型气田形成的地质条件[J]. 科学通报, 2002,(增刊1) :49-55.
	JIA Chengzao, GU Jiayu, ZHANG Guangya. The geological conditions for the formation of large and medium-sized gas fields in Kuqa depression[J]. China Science Bulletin, 2002,(Supp.1):49-55.
[4]	张荣虎, 杨海军, 魏红兴, 等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带中东段中下侏罗统砂体特征及油气勘探意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9):1243-1252. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.05.005
	ZHANG Ronghu, YANG Haijun, WEI Hongxing, et al. The sandstone characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration signification of Lower Jurassic in middle east section of northern Tectonic belt in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019, 30(9):1243-1252. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.05.005
[5]	王清华, 张荣虎, 杨宪彰, 等. 库车坳陷东部迪北地区侏罗系阿合组致密砂岩气勘探重大突破及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(8):1049-1064. doi: 10.7623/syxb202208002
	WANG Qinghua, ZHANG Ronghu, YANG Xianzhang, et al. Major breakthrough and geological significance of tight sandstone gas exploration in Jurassic Ahe formation in Dibei area,eastern Kuqa depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(8):1049-1064. doi: 10.7623/syxb202208002
[6]	金燕林, 秦飞, 姚田万. 塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸下侏罗统沉积特征[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2013, 20(3):37-40.
	JIN Yanlin, QIN Fei, YAO Tianwan. Analysis on sedimentary characteristics of Lower Jurassic in Yakela fault arch,Shaya uplift of Tarim basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2013, 20(3):37-40.
[7]	智凤琴, 张荣虎, 余朝丰. 库车坳陷东部阳霞凹陷侏罗系石油地质条件与勘探方向[J]. 海相油气地质, 2023, 28(2):186-195.
	ZHI Fengqin, ZHANG Ronghu, YU Chaofeng. Jurassic petroleum geological conditions and exploration direction in Yangxia sag,eastern Kuqa depression[J]. Marine Petroleum Geology, 2023, 28(2):186-195.
[8]	张惠良, 寿建峰, 陈子料, 等. 库车坳陷下侏罗统沉积特征及砂体展布[J]. 古地理学报, 2002, 4(3):47-58.
	ZHANG Huiliang, SHOU Jianfeng, CHEN Ziliao, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and sandstone body distribution of the Lower Jurassic in Kuqa depression[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2002, 4(3):47-58.
[9]	范亚楠, 王昌勇, 高志勇, 等. 库车拗陷侏罗系物源-古水流体系特征及其研究意义[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48(3):296-308.
	FAN Yanan, WANG Changyong, GAO Zhiyong, et al. Characteristics of Jurassic sedimentary provenance and palaeocurrent system in Kuqa depression and its research significance[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2021, 48(3):296-308.
[10]	何登发, 贾承造, 李德生, 等. 塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(1):64-77.
	HE Dengfa, JIA Chengzao, LI Desheng, et al. Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(1):64-77.
[11]	何登发, 李德生. 塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996.
	HE Dengfa, LI Desheng. Tectonic evolution and oil-gas accumulation in Tarim basin[M]. Beijing: Geology Press, 1996.
[12]	李曰俊, 杨海军, 赵岩, 等. 南天山区域大地构造与演化[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2009, 33(1):94-104.
	LI Yuejun, YANG Haijun, ZHAO Yan, et al. Tectonic framework and evolution of south Tianshan,NW China[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2009, 33(1):94-104.
[13]	罗丹婷, 罗静兰, 邓超, 等. 库车坳陷深层盐下白垩系储集层氯盐分布模式及意义[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1):1-12.
	LUO Danting, LUO Jinglan, DENG Chao, et al. Distribution patterns and significance of salt in deep Cretaceous subsalt reservoirs in Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(1):1-12.
[14]	杨宪彰, 能源, 徐振平, 等. 塔里木盆地三大构造旋回油气成藏特征[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(2):1-18.
	YANG Xianzhang, NENG Yuan, XU Zhenping, et al. Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation by processes of the three structural cyclones in Tarim basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(2):1-18.
[15]	张辉, 鞠玮, 徐珂, 等. 库车坳陷博孜气藏超深致密砂岩储集层现今地应力预测[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(2):224-230.
	ZHANG Hui, JU Wei, XU Ke, et al. Prediction of present-day in-situ stress in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir in Bozi gas reservoir,Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(2):224-230.
[16]	寿建峰, 张惠良, 沈扬. 库车前陆地区吐格尔明背斜下侏罗统砂岩成岩作用及孔隙发育的控制因素分析[J]. 沉积学报, 2007, 25(6):869-875.
	SHOU Jianfeng, ZHANG Huiliang, SHEN Yang. The analysis of controlling factors on sandstone diagenesis and porosity preservation of Lower Jurassic in Tugeerming anticline,Kuqa forland basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(6):869-875.
[17]	申延平, 吴朝东, 岳来群, 等. 库车坳陷侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析[J]. 地球学报, 2005, 26(3):235-240.
	SHEN Yanping, WU Chaodong, YUE Laiqun, et al. An analysis of Jurassic sandstone fragment components and their provenance in Kuqa depression[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2005, 26(3):235-240.
[18]	黄克难, 詹家祯, 邹义声, 等. 新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J]. 古地理学报, 2003, 5(2):197-206.
	HUANG Kenan, ZHAN Jiazhen, ZOU Yisheng, et al. Sedimentary environments and palaeoclimate of the Triassic and Jurassic in Kuqa river area,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2003, 5(2):197-206.
[19]	王根海, 寿建峰. 库车坳陷东部下侏罗统砂体特征与储集层性质的关系[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2001, 28(4):33-35.
	WANG Genhai, SHOU Jianfeng. The relationship between the characteristics of sand bodies and the properties of Lower Jurassic reservoirs in eastern Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2001, 28(4):33-35.