顺北油气田五维地震裂缝预测

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250402

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

顺北油气田发育断控缝洞型储集体，储集空间大小不一、结构复杂、非均质性强，且地表沙丘多、储集体埋藏深度大、高陡走滑断裂带发育，地震采集处理难度大，裂缝型储集层预测和描述难度较大。随着地震勘探技术的不断进步，宽方位三维地震采集成为主要采集方法，地震资料解释也从三维转向五维。针对裂缝型储集层发育特征，基于五维地震资料，首先对叠前道集开展噪声压制和剩余时差校正，提升五维道集资料品质；对优化后的数据进行分方位叠加，对不同方位的地震数据提取高精度增强相干，进行方位融合，实现断裂刻画；其次，基于叠前数据，推导傅里叶级数形式的方位弹性阻抗方程，利用二阶傅里叶系数表征裂缝密度，进行方位融合，实现裂缝型储集层刻画；最后，采用基于集成学习的核主成分分析方法对多个属性的预测结果进行融合，实现不同级别断裂的全面刻画。在顺北油气田进行应用，实现了断裂和裂缝型储集层精细刻画，可为同类型储集层预测与描述提供借鉴。

关键词: 顺北油气田, 走滑断裂, 裂缝型储集层, 五维地震, 裂缝预测, 弹性阻抗, 道集优化, 方位融合

Abstract:

The Shunbei oil and gas field develops fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs characterized by varying storage spaces, complex structures, deep burial, and strong heterogeneity, and also has multiple surface sand dunes, and high and steep strike-slip fault zones. These features greatly challenge the seismic acquisition and processing, leading to the difficulties in reservoir prediction and description. With the advancement of seismic technology, wide-azimuth three-dimensional seismic acquisition has become a key technique, and seismic interpretation has also transited from three dimension to five dimension. For fractured reservoirs, this study deals with fracture prediction based on five-dimensional seismic data. Firstly, noise suppression and residual normal moveout (NMO) correction are performed on the pre-stack five-dimensional gathers to improve the data quality, and the optimized data are stacked by azimuths. Then, high-precision enhanced coherence is extracted from seismic data at different azimuths, and azimuth fusion is conducted to achieve fault characterization. Secondly, based on the pre-stack data, the azimuthal elastic impedance (AEI) equation in the Fourier series form is derived, the second-order Fourier coefficient is used to indicate the fracture density, and azimuth fusion is performed to achieve the characterization of fractured reservoirs. Finally, the prediction results of multiple attributes are fused using the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) based on ensemble learning to enable a comprehensive characterization of fractures at different levels. The application of the technology in the Shunbei oil and gas field realizes fine characterization of faults and fractured reservoirs, providing valuable reference for the prediction and description of similar reservoirs.

Key words: Shunbei oil and gas field, strike-slip fault, fractured reservoir, five-dimensional seismic, fracture prediction, elastic impedance, gather optimization, azimuth fusion

中图分类号:

P631

李宗杰, 李弘艳, 杨威, 龚伟, 高利君. 顺北油气田五维地震裂缝预测[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(4): 403-409.

LI Zongjie, LI Hongyan, YANG Wei, GONG Wei, GAO Lijun. Five-Dimensional Seismic Fracture Prediction Technology in Shunbei Oil and Gas Field[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(4): 403-409.

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