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01 March 1995, Volume 16 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE AND THEORY ON DEEP CRUST-MANTLE PETROLEUM ORIGIN Zhang Kai 1995, 16 (1):  1-9.  Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (725KB) ( 287 )   Save Fundamental materials comprising the earth contain abundant hydrocarbons and carbonide (e. g. H2, CH4, C2H6) when they condensed at initial low temperature, which then were absorbed and trapped within core, mantle, and crust. Various types of plate tectonic belts resulting from plate tectonic cycle formed super lithosphere faulting system lithosphere faulting system, super crust faulting system, crust faulting system, basement faulting system, and caprock faulting system. Moreover, collision of celestial bodies with the earth can produce sizevarying fracture systems in the earth at different stages of the earth's evolution. These systems then act as a passageway for migration of deep hydrocarbons of inorganic origin from high-temperature, high-pressure zones into low-temperature?low-pressure zones. Complex polymerization and chemical reaction of these simple hydrocarbons in the process of migration can generate various heavy-molecular-weight hydrocarbon. On the other hand, large amounts of water released from basic rocks and super basic rocks at high temperature and pressure can react with carbonide to form hydrocarbon. When good traps and seals were encountered, these resulting hydrocarbons could be gathered into the reservoir of different types. Based on the geologic and geochemical conditions of different plate tectonic belts, inorganic origin model can be classified into five categories, i. e. cosmogenic gas, cosmogenic oil, crust-mantle degassification, plate tectonic belt, and deep crust-mantle. Furthermore, plate tectonic cycles match well with the geologic and geochemical conditions of belts of inorganic hydrocarbon origin, then seven kinds of combinations of inorganic models can also be formed. This theory will extend oil and gas exploration objectives to the Proterozoic, Archaeozoic, and deep orogenic belt, assumed on hydrocarbon potential in organic theory, as well as deep for mation below the so-called "deal line of natural gas". References | Related Articles | Metrics

ACCELERATING REGIONAL EXPLORATION IN THE THREE MAJOR BASINS OF XINJIANG TO EARLY REALIZE OIL PRODUCING AREAS TO BE STRATEGICALLY SUCCEEDED Zhang Wenzhao 1995, 16 (1):  10-12.  Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (401KB) ( 244 )   Save Oil and gas resources are rich in the three major basins of Xinjiang (Tarim, Junggar, Turpan-Hami), respectively accounting for 21.4% and 24.0% of total resources in China, but only 8.8% oil and 1.1% gas have been proved. Thus, the probability of discovering oil and gas fields is high. Exploration and development experiences in recent years demonstrated that proved reserves in the three major basins are characterized by high value in both per unit area and single well production and large oil and gas fields, comparable with the basin, can be discovered if deepening multidisciplinary research, following the exploration program, preferential utilization of seismic survey, and regional exploration of the basin as a whole are undertaken. The three major basins of Xinjiang is the hope and future of China's oil industry. Related Articles | Metrics

CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION OBJECTIVE IN LULIANG UPLIFT ZONE Zhang Jiyi 1995, 16 (1):  13-18.  Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (462KB) ( 221 )   Save Luliang uplift zone is an inherited positive tectonic unit from marginal arc along the north margin of Junggar plate during the Late Paleozoic, which is a long-term trend for petroleum migration. To the west, Mahu source sag (Permian) is a major source area. Primary Paleozoic volcanic reservoir formed at the close of Triassic, Triassic and Jurassic reservoirs formed during the late Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, secondary Paleozoic volcanic reservoir formed after the Late Cretaceous period. Volcanic rocks (particularly dacite and andesite), which have a good reservoir quality, are the major reservoir rock in this area, whereas clastic reservoir is well developed but with poor quality. Upper Triassic is the regional sealing bed. acting as a barrier for hydrocarbon preservation. The western part of south slope of Luliang uplift should be considered as the important exploration objective in the future, because it is characterized by approaching source area, good reservoir and sealing conditions, richness in trap type, and high hydrocarborx potential. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PRESSURE SEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBONIFEROUS SHALE CAPROCK IN THE LUNNAN AREA Fu Guang, Chen Zhangming, Jiang Zhenxue 1995, 16 (1):  19-23.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (488KB) ( 294 )   Save The Carboniferous lay directly over the Ordovician m the Lunnan area, Tarim basin, which acts as the regional sealing bed for Ordovician fractured limestone reservoir, with good capillary and pressure seal properties. Although pressure sealing process occurred later than the period of major hydrocarbon generation, it favors the preservation of accumulated hydrocarbon in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

APPLICATION OF FORWARD MODELLING TECHNIQUE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF HUOERGUOSI STRUCTURE Zhou Xiaoji 1995, 16 (1):  24-27.  Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (423KB) ( 195 )   Save Because of complex structure of foreland folding belt along the south margin of Junggar basin tit is impossible to reposition accurately steep dips and abnormal waves using the conventional migration methods, strongly affecting the delineation and evaluation of the structure. Using forward modelling technique, along with horizontal stacking section, the morphology of Huoerguosi structure is successfully interpreted. Related Articles | Metrics

CASE STUDY ON ELASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROGENEOUS ROCK- JUNGGAR BASIN Guo Sujie, Ji Zhonglin 1995, 16 (1):  28-32.  Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (440KB) ( 166 )   Save Three groups of rock samples (neutral-basic volcanic rock, tuff-breccia, sandy shale) from eastern and western part of Junggar basin were experimentally examined in terms of heterogeneity, in which wave velocities of samples in different directions at different pore fluids, temperatures, and pressures were measured using two-component transducer and attenuation factor was calculated. This method can improve the reliability and accuracy of Swave measurement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

OIL SOURCE CORRELATION OF JURASSIC ON MAQIAO ARCH IN THE HINTERLAND OF JUNGGAR BASIN Wang Xulong, Liu Deguang 1995, 16 (1):  33-37.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (477KB) ( 393 )   Save Oil from the Jurassic on Maqiao arch in the hinterland of Junggar basin can be geochemically divided into three groups： group I, occurring in Toutunhe formation, Xishanyao formation, and upper Sangonghe formation; group I, occurring in lower Sangonghe formation and Badaowan formation (excluding oil in group Ⅱ ); and group Ⅱ, extracts from oil sand at 5 220, 05 m (Badaowan formation) in Well Pen-4. Oil source correlation demonstrated that oil from the Jurassic on Maqiao arch correlated well with type I and Ⅱ oil in the northwest margin of Junggar basin and major source rock is inferred to be the Permian and Carboniferous, with minor amount of Mesozoic source rock. At least two phases occurred for formation of reservoir on Maqiao arch： Jurassic and Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. Related Articles | Metrics

PALEOECOLOGY OF ORGANIC REEF (ORDOVICIAN) IN THE LUNNAN AREA, TARIM BASIN Xiao Chuantao, Liu Lingshan, Luo Chuanrong, Zhang Shangfeng 1995, 16 (1):  38-41.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (505KB) ( 287 )   Save Ordovician organic reef discovered in the Lunnan area at the first time was examined in terms of paieoecology, and then 4 hermatypic communities were established, i. e. Calathium-Archaeoscyphia, Palaeoporella, Cyanophyta and Calcisponge. Their composition, texture, function . and habitat were also examined. Analysis of evolution of hermatypic community shows that two phases of community alternations occur in the course of formation of Ordovician organic reef, i. e. Calathium-Archaeoscyphia → Palaeoporella → Calathium-Archaeoscyphia and Gyanophyta → Calcisponge. The former phase corresponds to early, peak, and late baffling periods in the evoiutionary course of Early Ordovician organic reef, whereas the latter phase corresponds to the bounding and baffling-bounding periods during the evolution of Late Ordovician organic reef. References | Related Articles | Metrics

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERCOLATION IN WATER DRIVE CONGLOMERATE RESERVOIR, KARAMAY OILFIELD Hu Futang 1995, 16 (1):  43-47.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (593KB) ( 266 )   Save This paper summarizes three fundamental characteristics of percolation in water drive conglomerate reservoir, Karamay oilfield based on laboratory experiment, field test, outcrop test, production test, reservoir simulation, and static and dynamic data, i. e. atypical flow through porous media； nonuniform Mloose network-non-networkflow within pore space: velocity sensitivity occurs in the water drive process, significantly affecting production results. The above characteristics can be used to distinguish conglomerate reservoir from typical porous reservoir (sandstone reservoir, etc.). References | Related Articles | Metrics

FURTHER DISCUSSION OF PRODUCTION-RATE-DECLINE CURVE Wang Junkui, Pan Hongzhen 1995, 16 (1):  48-51.  Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (332KB) ( 216 )   Save Some problems involved in production-rate-decline curve are discussed in more details, further supporting the fact that the formula, NP=Ni-NiC/(C+t), is a total representation of various forms of production-rate-decline curves. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A STUDY ON TWO TRANSFORMED KOPITOV DECLINE CURVES Yu Qitai, Wang Zhigang 1995, 16 (1):  52-57.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (489KB) ( 221 )   Save Kopitov decline curve was examined and two transformed formulae of it were presented: one is general formula, the other corresponds to the case with decline index n = 0.5 of the Arps' hyperbolic curve. The method for getting decline parameters of transformed decline curve was presented. Results were compared with actual production data. thereby recommending the formula with smaller error. Adjustment measures of reservoir produced great effects on decline patterns. Thus, the formula of decline curve should be selected according to types of oil reservoir and adjustment measures to be used. References | Related Articles | Metrics

STUDY ON APPLICATION OF FORMATION TEST DATA AT WELL T IN TARIM BASIN Wang Xinhai, Xia Weirong, Liu Jianxun, Zhang Yanxing 1995, 16 (1):  58-63.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (506KB) ( 203 )   Save The application of formation test data at Well T in Tarim basin is examined, indicating that condensate gas readily condensed and dropped out in the reservoir when pressure was lowered, part of it couldn't be produced to the surface because it was adsorbed on the surface of rock, causing a drop in its productivity. Thus .condensate gas reservoir must be produced at stabilized pressure. When gavs and condensate mixtures are produced from individual layers in different pressure systems, it may cause influx of fluid in the high pressure bed back into the low pressure bed.reducing the overall productivity of gas and condensate mixture. In this case, individual beds should be produced using different well patterns. For the oil reservoir with vertical permeability similar to horizontal permeability, if is suitable to improve its productivity by means of horizontal well technology. Under all circumstances, deviated well with hole deviation of over 40° has a higher productivity than vertical well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR MATCHING AVERAGE REGIONAL FORMATION PRESSURE Zhang Jinqing, Gu Hongjun 1995, 16 (1):  64-66.  Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (273KB) ( 164 )   Save The explicit relation of average regional formation pressure of oil and water two-phase reservoir and static parameters of individual beds was derived using material balance equation. In this case, average regional formation pressure of oil and water two-phase reservoir can be matched where the black oil simulator is not used and repeated match with overall water cut is no longer needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PATTERN OF CHANGES IN CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF CLAY MINERALS DURING STEAMFLOODING PROCESS Wang Jingyu, Luo Zhixing 1995, 16 (1):  67-72.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (479KB) ( 178 )   Save Based on analyses of clay minerals in cores and sand samples obtained before and during the steamflooding process of Qigu formation (Upper Jurassic) viscous oil reservoir in District No. 9, Karamay oilfield, how and why the content and composition of clay minerals vary are discussed. The result can be used for reference in the course of investigation of reservoir damage in the steamflooding process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

ON CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS IN PETROLEUM PROVINCE OF CHINA An Zuoxiang 1995, 16 (1):  73-79.  Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (640KB) ( 168 )   Save This paper presents sedimentary model and evolution model of continental sedimentary basins in China based on their sedimentology. Circular current of lake water resulting from complex topography of interior lake iloor and underwater uplift zone and shift of sedimentary centre resulting from nonuniform movement of peripherical mountain area of lake basin may impress a few effects on distribution of source rock, reservoir rock, and caprock. Some large continental sedimentary basins possess sedimentary characteristics of both lacustrine and marine deposits. References | Related Articles | Metrics

ACCELERATING REGIONAL EXPLORATION IN THE THREE MAJOR BASINS OF XINJIANG TO EARLY REALIZE OIL PRODUCING AREAS TO BE STRATEGICALLY SUCCEEDED Zhang Wenzhao 1995, 16 (1):  80-86.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (242KB) ( 138 )   Save Oil and gas resources are rich in the three major basins of Xinjiang (Tarim, Junggar, Turpan-Hami) respectively accounting for 21.4% and 24.0% of total resources in China, but only 8.8% oil and 1.1% gas have been proved. Thus, the probability of discovering oil and gas fields is high. Exploration and development experiences in recent years demonstrated that proved reserves in the three major basins are characterized by high value in both per unit area and single well production and large oil and gas fields, comparable with the basin, can be discovered if deepening multidisciplinary research, following the exploration program, preferential utilization of seismic survey, and regional exploration of the basin as a whole are undertaken. The three major basins of Xinjiang is the hope and future of China's oil industry. Related Articles | Metrics