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01 February 2001, Volume 22 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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On the Query of Coal-Formed Oil of Jurassic in China ZHANG Jinglian 2001, 22 (1):  1-8.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (760KB) ( 431 )   Save The coal-formed oil often gives rise to a good deal of controversy. Is the crude oil of Austrilian Gippsland basin coal-formed oil? Is the crude oil of Turpan-Hami basin is coal-formed oil? Is the crude oil comes from some coal-bearing basins of China is coal-formed? Is the pyrolysis assay simulating experiment valid and effective? All those questions have to be discussed further. The current study shows that the crude oil of coal-bearing basin could not have been generated from coal-bearing rock, meanwhile, it is not likely to generate from mudstone in coal-bearing systems. The possible oil-generating pattern will be the hydrogenization and liquidazation reaction occurring between the deep buried hydrogen and organics, or the hydrocarbons is generated from the H2,CO2,CO existing in low-velocity and high conductivity strata of the middle earth crust subjected to the Feito synthesis process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Method for Recognition of Tectonic Framework and Structure of Matured Basin LIU Chiyang, YANG Daoqing, YUAN Pengchang, YANG Binyi, YAO Yaming 2001, 22 (1):  9-12.  Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (372KB) ( 263 )   Save At present, in the comprehensive study process of tectonic and structure of matured basin as a whole, great importance should be attached to aspects including geologic characteristics, the recognizing of the overall tectonic characteristics or complicated origin structure and basin, or of the large regions, and the evolution of basin as well as the regional background. The guide of thinking in such study should be changed in accordance with different stage. From the view point of analog and "to seek common point" in early-middle period, then transform "to search the differences" as it should be,in later stage of exploration,we must give prominence to evolution of basin and to geologic structural characteristics occurring during the later rebuilt process, including the followings:①the paleotopograph, in different times, and its evolution and distinguishment,②the differing and division of characteristics in different area, ③the significant differences compared with other similar basins and the reasons,④individual features of the basin, and the internal relation with the hydrocarbon occurrence and formation of reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tectonic Framework and Structure Evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic in Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin HU Shouquan, GUO Wenping, CAO Yunjiang, HUANG Jixiang, MU Zhonghai 2001, 22 (1):  13-16.  Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (866KB) ( 276 )   Save The northern margin area of Qaidam basin is divided into four structural zones, from north toward south, the Qilianshan fault-folding mountain system, the thrust-overthrust structural zone, the foreland decollement-detachment zone and low strain zone in the foreland basin. For all the fault-folding structural zones, their forming time shows a tendency becoming younger and younger southward. The overall configuration shows the north boundary of foreland basin is at Qaidam basin's northern margin and southern Qilian fault-folding mountain system are enhanced and fixed during the Indo-China cycle and Indo-China movement by the end of Triassic,so determining the basic development configuration of foreland basin in the foremont area. The Yanshan cycle and Yanshan movement by the end of Cretaceous,exerted very intensive influence on the thrust-overthrust structural zone. It makes the center of subsidence and deposition shifted into the basin and formed some structural trapment preliminarily. During the Himalayan cycle period two tectonic movements occurred in Qaidam basin both of bigger scale. The movement that occurred by the end of Oligocene shows strongest influence on Qaidam northern marginal foreland decollement-detachment zone,not only pushing the center of subsidence-deposition further into the basin but also forming structural trap related in this zone. All the fault-folding tectonic zones at the basin's northern margin area are basically fixed by one most intensive structural movement at the end of Pliocene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New Development in Study of Hydrocarbon Source of Turpan-Hami Basin YUAN Mingsheng, LI Huaming, WANG Zhiyong 2001, 22 (1):  17-20.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (761KB) ( 253 )   Save Based on correlation between the system's oil source and the compositional characteristics of biological markers from hydrocarbon source rock and from the crude oils,associating with the data of isotope from each single component of the normal parafine series, the crude oil of Turban-Hami basin is divided into three groups, namely, the coal-formed oil, the salt lake mudstone derived oil, and the fresh lake mudstone derived oil. In order to further verify whether the coal-formed oil of the main hydrocarbon source comes from coal-bearing rock or from the mudstone of coal measure, the source rocks are correlated in detail upon the bi terpane series compound, and observed by GC-MS-MS study under sub-steady state in range of m/ z233--m/ z262. It is recognized that the coal -formed oil of Taibei depression of Turpan-Hami basin is mainly from the coal-bearing strata of Middle Jurassic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics and Distribution of Natural Gas in Turban-Hami Basin LI Chengming 2001, 22 (1):  21-23.  Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (731KB) ( 254 )   Save In Turpan-Hami basin, the hydrocarbon source rock in coal-bearing system of Middle-Lower Jurassic is well developed. Jurassic is characterized by widely distribution of light oil, the majority of most gas-reservoirs are condensate-gas pools. In light-oil reservoirs both solution gas-oil ratio and oil -soluble gas abundance are high. In Taibei depression, the distribution of oil-gas are featured by the coexistence of oil and gas, the distribution of gas-pools are in certain extent related to oil-gas segregation. So far, all the gas reservoirs are located in sequence of Jurassic. Absence of gas reservoir distributed in formation overlap above Jurassic may probably be associated with the undesirable cap-bed condition. Besides, there are large scale of tight sandstone gas-reservoirs occurred in sandstone formations which are interbedded or nearly the hydrocarbon source rock of deep buried Triassic and Jurassic. The widely distributed coal layer adsorbed gas is also an important potential natural gas resource. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Oil-Gas Migration Systems and Their Control over the Formation of Reservoir FU Guang, XUE Yongchao, FU Xiaofei 2001, 22 (1):  24-26.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (477KB) ( 319 )   Save Through the analysis of migration systems in subground rocks, this paper indicates that the oil -gas migration system is consisted of three main element, i.e. the pore, fracture and the pore-fracture combination. This paper puts forward the simple migration system consisting of connecting sand body, fault and unconformity surface, as well as the compound migration system consisting of sand body -unconformity surface, sand body -fault, unconformity surface-fault, or sand body-unconformity surface-fault, and both kinds of subground migration systems provide a three diamentional channel network for oil-gas migration. The type of oil-gas migration systems control the forming pattern of oil-gas reservoir. Connecting sand body migration systems may controls the forming of oil-gas reservoir due to bottom bed over- lap, lithologic pinch out, and/or the fault hairier. The migration system consisting of unconformity surface, sand body- unconformity surface,and/or unconformity surface- fault, may control the forming of the bedrock weathered crust type oil-gas reservoir. The migration system consists of fault, sand body-fault, and/or sand body-unconformity surface, may control formation of oil-gas reservoir due to fault block, anticline, structure-lithologic, and/or fault-lithology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristic of Petroleum Geology and Prospecting Targets in Liupanshan Basin LI Dingfang 2001, 22 (1):  27-31.  Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (890KB) ( 255 )   Save The Liupanshan basin is a very promising area for oil-gas prospecting. The oil generation condition of Triassic and Jurassic are similar to those of Erdos basin. Darkcolor mudstone with great thickness developed well in Cretaceous and it has reached to undermature-matured stage in central and southern area of the basin. The structural trap,and stratigraphic trap which formed in Y anshan movement period are the favorable accumulation environment for oil-gas originated from the source beds below Cretaceous. The Cretaceous-originated hydrocarbon is mainly accumulated in structure developed during the Himalayan movement period. The emphasis of prospecting should be put on how to grasp the features of those two hydrocarbon-bearing systems of Triassic-Jurassic and Cretaceous, to seek and approach the prospecting targets in areas around two principal oil-generation depressions of Haiyuan and Guyuan. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Conducting Static Correction by Annealing Analog ZHENG Hongming, PENG Li, LI Shengjie 2001, 22 (1):  32-34.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (683KB) ( 203 )   Save The annealing analog static correction technique extricates itsself from the framework restriction of routine static correction method. By adopting the nonlinear inversion technique-annealing analog, it solves the question of surface consistent static,and can overcome the periodic jumping resulting from the low signal -noise- ratio and large static correction amount. The paper analyzes the shortbacks due to the use of routine residual static correction, and states the principle of annealing analog, static correction technique. And, under the current computer speed limitation, it discussed the possibility of obtaining the overall optimum solution. Through the study of theoretical models verified the reliability of this method. It is realized that in case of solving the problem of large static correction resulting from complexity of surface structure, it is much better than routine static correction method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Geochemical Study for Oil-Gas Pools of Shixi Oilfield WU Xinhe, XIANG Baoli, LIU Guifeng 2001, 22 (1):  35-37.  Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (485KB) ( 226 )   Save Through the analysis and correlation made upon the uniform temperature of inclusions, the oil-gas components (ancient component) within the inclusions, and the oil-gas components(current components) in open pores of reservoir rocks, this paper studies the forming time of oil pool, timing for pool formation, hydrocarbon source and evolution history of buried hydrocarbons, in Shixi oilfield's oil-gas pools. It is considered that the oil-gas pools of Shixi oil-field have experienced at least two stages of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The matured crude oil of Paleozoic to agreater extent is not the result of the under-matured crude stored in previously formed pool then subject to insitu thermo-evolution. The Jurassic oil-gas pools are controlled by geological structures and faults,and its crude oil density is higher than that of Carboniferous, while its maturity is obviously lower than that of Carboniferous crude. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Diagenetic Factes and Prediction of Oil-Bearing Zones in Hudson Area of Tarim Basin SUN Yushan, SHEN Yinmin, XU Xun 2001, 22 (1):  38-40.  Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (381KB) ( 250 )   Save In accordance to microscopic analysis for Carboniferous hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir beds in Hudson area, the reservoir beds are divided six categories of diagenetic factes. The thin sand bed is composed of tight mixed type cementation factes and untight mixed type cementation factes. The Donghe sandstone is composed of denudation facies, primary pore factes, denudation-primary pore factes and carbonate cementation factes. The storage- accumulation features are varied with different diagenetic factes. According to lithophysics property evaluation, the denudation factes is most excellent reservoir bed Ⅰ1 The primary pore facies and denudation-primary pore factes is good reservoir bed Ⅰ2. The untight mixed type cementation factes and the untight type bed in carbonate cementation factes are moderate reservoir bed, Ⅱ. While the tight mixed ty pe cementation factes and the tight type one of carbonate cementation factes belongs to less good reservoir beds, Ⅲ. The prediction for newly discovered hydrocarbon- bearing area is made upon such basis and combined with corresponding well-logging parameter pattern and the spreading -distribution features of denudation factes as well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Approach to the Promising Orientation in Minhe Basin LI Xinning, LI Dingfang 2001, 22 (1):  41-44.  Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (858KB) ( 307 )   Save The Minhe basin is a typical reconstituted type depositional one, rebuilt in period of Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The formation and development of the basin experienced many times of tectonic movement including the formation of the basin during Yanshan movement period and rebuilt during Himalayan movement. The basic tectonic con- figuration is "two-sag and two-uplift". There are three types of source- reservoir- cap assemblages in the basin. Numerous trap of various types are results of intensive tectonic movements. Through the comprehensive study on the formation of structures and their development regularities, it is predicted there will exist six types of traps. The future promising prospecting area will be situated in distribution area of such traps. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Forecast for Future Potential Recoverable Resource of China Petroleum CHEN Yuanqian 2001, 22 (1):  45-47.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (621KB) ( 199 )   Save Total petroleum recoverable resources of China consists of discovered recoverable resources and undiscovered recoverable resources. The latter may be called future potential recoverable resources. A method of forecasting total petroleum recoverable resources and future potential recoverable resources is proposed in this paper,based on graphical method of reference [1] and Weibull model of reference [2]. By applying practically with China's data, the method proposed in this paper is effective. The forecasting results of China's total petroleum recoverable resource and future potential recoverable resources are 100×108 t and 40.7×108 t, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A New Model Using for Prediction of Oil-Gas Field Production WANG Junkui, LI Farm 2001, 22 (1):  48-52.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 210 )   Save Based on study of previous models for production rate prediction, this paper presents a newly established differential equation of accumulated production increase rate,and works out the practicable equation used for prediction of oilfield annual production sum, accumulated production and recoverable reserve. Comparing with the Logistic's and the HU-CHEN-ZHANG's mathematic models, this model has taken into account simultaneously the influence due to time duration of development and the subground residual recoverable reserve, so it results in more compact structure of the new model and the more evident interrelation between the variables. The model could be used to match and predict the entire process of oil-gas field development, including the periods for production rate going up, peaking, and gelling down, for all development index, with its precision higher than all the other models, and can be widely recommended. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Favorable Conditions Suitable for Using of CDG Gel Adjusting Flood Technique—an example from Sangonghe formation reservoir of Cainan oilfield LI Xingxun, ZHANG Wu, SHEN Nan, DU Wenjun 2001, 22 (1):  53-55.  Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (443KB) ( 234 )   Save After conducting ample investigation on state-of-the-art application of CDG gel adjusting flood technique both at home and abroad, and based on laboratory evaluation for Cainan oilfield reservoir, a field pilot composed of six well groups for Sangonghe formation reservoir of Cainan oilfield has been carried out, in 1999. The economic bene- fit is significant, the input-output ratio reached 1:3.9 in that Very year. It proved that CDG gel injection is suitable for the Sangonghe formation reservoir. In view to increase the benefit result of oilfield development, this measure should be implemented continuously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A New Percolation Model Used for Low Permeability Porous Madium SONG Fuquan, LIU Ciqun 2001, 22 (1):  56-58.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (722KB) ( 239 )   Save Because the percolation flow pattern in low permeability porous medium does not follow the Darcy Law, previous models were either too simple or too complicated. This paper studies and establishes a simple form tri-parameters Percolation model to approach the actual flow occurring in permeable porous medium. Series of analysis for radial steady-state flow and unsteady-state flow were conducted. Through the analysis, in boundary water reservoir, for relation between the production pressure difference and production rate,it has demonstrated that the models established on the basis of Darcy law do not apply to low permeable reservoirs. Under identical conditions, it gives an unreasonable large calculated production rate. Through the analysis of unsteady-state percolation flow and based on the tri-parameters models, the well-testing equation and typical well-testing curve have been established. The well-testing curve for low permeable reservoir is characterized by the trial-section of radial flow in middle-late period and disappeared, both the pressure and pressure derivative curves going upward. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Numerical Simulation for Steam -Injection-Flood Development in Horizontal Wells of Extra-Viscous Oil in Shallow Buried Reservoir——an example from District No.9 in Karamay Oilfield MA Hong, LI Guoqing, WANG Xiangdong 2001, 22 (1):  59-60.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (283KB) ( 196 )   Save Aimed at the horizontal well pilot in extra-viscous oil beds of the District No. 9, Karamay oilfield, the sensitivity analysis for such well's derivation direction and for the length of steam-injection attaching tube has been conducted. On the basis of optimization of parameters, index prediction for different production practice is camed out. It is concluded that for horizontal wells in District No.9,the huff-and-puff method ought to be a predominant choice. It gives an indication to such horizontal well production pattern. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of parallel Numerical Analog Technique on Reservoir Development——an example from Wutonggou formation reservoir of Sha'nan oilfield JIANG Xiaohui, QIAN Yingen, DAI hongmei, WU Junying 2001, 22 (1):  61-62.  Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (323KB) ( 247 )   Save Based on static and dynamic data from Wutonggou formation of Sha nan oilfield, using the parallel numerical analog technique and on the basis of reservoir history matching, a series of sensitivity analysis of various parameters have been conducted for natural energy of reservoir, different well pattern, well spacing, timing of water injection, different injection-production ratios and reasonable production rate. It provided theory basis and technique guarantee to ensure the high quality,efficient development and keeping the steady production for Wutonggou formation reservoir of Sha'nan oilfield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Industrial Scale Field Pilot Study for Polymer Flood of Gudong Oilfield JIANG Yanbo, ZHAO Wei 2001, 22 (1):  63-65.  Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (434KB) ( 233 )   Save In Gudong oilfield, after enhanced water injection and enhanced production over ten years, the water cut of main development units has risen as high as 95%. In order to reduce water cut and increase the oil output, a polymer flood pilot experiment in industrial scale has been carried out in the field. for five years since 1994. In view of characteristics of the oilfield such as the relatively simple structure, the unique pay zone, high heterogeneity, loose cementation of pay zone, good lithophysic properties, high viscosity of crude oil, high salinity of formation water, etc., a two-stage plug injection plan has been designed on the basis of laboratory study and numerical simulation. After inplementation, the plan obtained evident results: the water cut of oil wells decreased by 5.6% in average, oil production rate increases by 326 tons per day, and it is expected total ultimate recovery may increased by 6.5%, so the economic benefit is significant. All problems which occurred during the experiment are settled by adopting corresponding measures. The successful pilot experiment has shown bright future for larger scale application of polymer flood in shengli oilfield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Using Artificial Nerve Network to Calculate the Flow Coefficient of pay Zone YANG Qingjun, DENG Chunchen, WANG Chen 2001, 22 (1):  66-67.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (273KB) ( 213 )   Save Flow coefficient is an important index for productivity evaluation. The author take advantage of the selfs unable and self-education features possessed by the artificial nerve network,combined such network with other routine data of well-logging, well-testing, etc., for pay zone evaluation, and good results have been achieved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

How to Reduce the Clustering Effect of Geologic Data—an example from Xinjiang oilfield LI Shaohua, ZHANG Changmin, ZHANG Baiqiao, HU Tao, SHU Zhiguo 2001, 22 (1):  68-69.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (375KB) ( 279 )   Save In order to effectively represent the distribution features of geologic data, it is necessary to allocate asmaller value of weight for dense clustering data, while allocate a bigger value of weight for sparse clustering data. This-paper recommends a method, the Cell Declustering method, which has been suggested by C. Deutsch, to decrease the clustering effect of geologic data, and gives an example for its application in Xinjang oilfield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On the Cognitionsfor Current China's Petroleum Geology AN Zuoxiang 2001, 22 (1):  70-74.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (537KB) ( 311 )   Save Thanks to the efforts made by generation after generation, the petroleum geology of China has been established in the 20th. In view of the three key elements to forming oil-gas reservoir, it is recognized that the principal features of this scientific discipline are the terrestrial origin hydrocarbon generation, repeated migration and compound accumulation of oil-gas, and all these features reflect the complexity of petroleum geologic conditions. And, it is due to the complicated geological structural environment resulted from the separation,merging, collision of plates which consists of land nucleus in geologic history,and it results in the multiple cyclic state of China's land nucleus development. Facing such situation, at the beginning of the new century, the Chinese geologists will not only further enhance their own effort but also have to turn theirs eyes from inside to outside,and strengthen their mode of thinking on the basis of systemalogy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and Forecast of Study for Percolation Flow by Fluid- Solid Coupling in Low Permeability Oil-Gas Reservoir with Variable Madia FAN Xueping, LI Xiusheng, ZHANG Shicheng 2001, 22 (1):  75-78.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (749KB) ( 288 )   Save As in low permeability reservoir with variable medium the filtration flow and lithophysical properties are quite sensitive to the change of stress field, use of the coupling stress fluid and fluid filtration field may represent actualsituation more reasonably. This paper conducted a comprehensive analysis on the coupling mathematics analog theory of fluid filtration and rock stress, also, demonstrating by instances of a multiple factes flow oil reservoir, gas reservoir, and the presence of hydralic fractured fractures. The study shows that the method suggested in this paper could be used to predict the variation of permeability, and storage capability of the rock, its stress and strain, and their influence upon production. Application of the method recommended here promises very well in petroleum engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Biggest-Petroleum Accumulation of Lifei System of Siberia Platform-the Ulubuchin-Touhun Petroleum Accumulation Belt CONTEROVICH A A, CLASILINOKOVA E B, PHILIPZOV UA, GIMERSHENA E D 2001, 22 (1):  79-88.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (1333KB) ( 253 )   Save The paper describes the Lifei system's geologic structure of the super giant hydrocarbon accumulation belt, Ulubuchin-Touhun accumulation belt, conducted study on the principal geochemistry features of the system's source rock. It is considered that the principal hydrocarbon source of Baijete oil-bearing area is the sundivision in upperportion of Toukur formation, the Mardrim and Vedeleshov formation in lower portion, both of the Lifei system. It also escribed the structure of oil-gas reservoir and characteristics of oil and gas, located in Ulubuchin-Touhun hydrocarbon accumulation belt. Moreover the paper described in detail the storing-accumulating property of Lifei system's carbonate rock, and presented the results of porosity and permeability. References | Related Articles | Metrics