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01 June 2003, Volume 24 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Evolution of Plate Tectonics and Its Hydrocarbon-Bearing Property in Yunnan Petroliferous Region ZHANG Kai 2003, 24 (3):  181-187+175.  Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (871KB) ( 253 )   Save Yunnan province and its adjacent areas underwent strong modification from Proterozoic Jinning movement to Cenozoic Himalayan movement, followed by shaping complex geologic structures and sedimentary formnations. Started with evolution of plate tectonics, this paper presents a detailed research of the structural and sedimentary features and hydrocarbon-bearing properties in these areas, and suggests that there are 5 basins such as Chuxiong, Simao-Lanping, Nanpanjiang, Xichang-Kunming and Baoshan in east-west orientation distributed within Y unnan province, with total areas of sedimentary rocks of 16x104km2,or 20x104km2 if adding adjacent prov incial areas. These basins are all long developed coincidence-like petroliferous basins with three sets of hydrocarbon-bearing formations composed of marine Sinian System-Lower Paleozoic, marine and continental-marine interactive Upper Paleozoic-Upper Triassic as well as continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic. Hence, these basins possess basic geologic conditions for forming oil-gas enriched province. Should commence workout of near-and long-term layout for petroleum exploration in Yunnan province and adjacent areas of southwest China,looking forward to have a breakthrough. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Hydrocarbon Prospecting Domain in Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin ZHANG Kang 2003, 24 (3):  188-192+175.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (356KB) ( 279 )   Save In Akekula swell in south slope of Tabei uplft has two suites of hydrocarbon-bearing sequences such as Silurian-Jurassic clastic rocks and Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks and two types of structural trap and stratigraphic trap. Hence, the effects of nonstructural stress deformation and faulted fractural zone should be paid attention to for petroleum exploration of the structural trap area, making in-depth investigation of the carbonate inner structures. For the stratigraphic trap, the oil exploratory efforts should focus on its clastic rock formations, implementing principle of prospecting of both reservoir with karst-vug-fracture networks and reservoir with secondary dissolved pores and quasi-stratified nature. For Akekula to full Tabei uplft area, clear understanding of individual exploratory domain would be needed to carry out 3D prospecting based on the ideas of “large karst”and “large uplift”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Natural Gas Discovery in China 's Continental Scientific Exploration Well and Its Scientific Significance ZHANG Jing-lian, LI Xiang bo, WU Liang-yu 2003, 24 (3):  193-194+175.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (165KB) ( 240 )   Save In Zhongke-1 Well, a China's continental scientific exploration well, discovered CH4, CO2 that were probably deep source gases and high anomaly of He at depth of 476 m, 869 m and 1935 m, respectively. It is affirmned that they are non-biogenic gases, or inorganic genetic gases. These inorgamic genetic gases discovered in metamorphic rock area and zone are of great scientifie significance as demonstration or proof of hydrocarbon inorganic genetic theory. Therefore, this paper suggests that this major research subject of Zhongke-1 W ell should attract petroleum geologists and geochemists to particeipate in, in order that logging-and sampling-while-drilling on this well become more systematic, giving attention to probes of two aspects for inorganic gas and oil exploration. The cumulative and valuable data and experiences are favorable for further development of China's petroleum prospecting causes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Element Geochemistry and Age Dating on the Igneous Rocks in Santanghu Basin WANG Da-rui, YUAN Ming-sheng, ZHANG Yin-hong, HAN Bao-fu 2003, 24 (3):  195-198+175-176.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (731KB) ( 270 )   Save Santanghu oil-gas province is located in Xinjiang,northwest China,where developed huge area and various systems of igneous rock formations. The lithology is mostly volcanic explosion rocks and locally hypabyssal intrusive rocks. Based on the geochemical analyses of 20 samples available from this area, it is shown that the characters of rare-earth elements in igneous rocks are very similar to those of Permian volcanic rocks in Turpan-Hami basin, in which the total amount of rare-earth element is significantly variable with relatively enriched light rare-earth elements and indistinctive abnormal element of Eu. The integrated research with K-Ar approach suggests that the igneous rocks in the basin are developed in an episode ranging from 270.0 to 290.8Ma, corresponding to Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Mixed Sedimentary Sequences of Carboniferous in Luobubo Area of Tarim Basin ZHANG Tong-gang, CHU Xue-lei, XIANG Zan, LIU Yu-kui 2003, 24 (3):  199-201+176.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (382KB) ( 231 )   Save The field outcrop section of Carboniferous in norther Luobubo seg of Tarim basin was measured in detail. And the formation horizon was classified and correlated based on the paleontological feature, lithological and petrographic analyses and stratigraphic correlation. It is confirmed from seismic trace and Luobei section connected to areal coverage that there exists Carboniferous sequence distributed within the areal coverage. The integrated characteristic analyses of paleontology, lithology and lithofacies as well as grain size suggest that a mixed sedimentary sequence with interbedded typical shallow offshore clastic rock and platformal carbonate rock of Carboniferous is vertically developed in this area, providing the facies model suitable to this sequence. Based on this model, an analysis of sedimentary facies on this section is made, followed by simple evaluation of its lithofacies palaeogeography. The results show that in this typical sedimentary sequence, hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir are fairly developed, which have great signifcance in petroleum geology; their probably favorable source-reservoir-cap assemblages mean better hydrocarbon potentials in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Secimentary Chracteristics and Reservoir Quality of Braided Deltas in Southern Margin of Junggar Basin ZHANG Chuan-lin, ZHAO Xing-min, WEN Zhi-gang 2003, 24 (3):  202-204+176.  Abstract ( 211 )   PDF (645KB) ( 272 )   Save The braided deltas in southern margin of Junggar basin as a significant type of sedimentary facies are mainly characterized by conglomerate, gravel sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone. The braided deltas, composed of the braid delta plain, braid delta front and prodelta, are dominated by the braid delta plains. The braid delta front sub-facies occupying the shallow lake is scoured by braid distributary channel sandstone and undeveloped. On the other hand, the results from measuring the outcrop samples and the integrated petroleum geological analysis show that the gravel sandstone body with better oil-gas accumulation is one of good reservoirs in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Sequence Stratigraphy of Carboniferous in Lower Yangtse Area of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces ZHAO Jun-qing, JI You-liang, MAO Feng-ming 2003, 24 (3):  205-209+176.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (1338KB) ( 306 )   Save This paper presents a detailed study of outcrop sequence stratigraphy of Carboniferous in Lower Y angtse area of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces in China, on the basis of field geologic examination, making use of theory and method of sequence statigraphy, and with aid of the detailed stratigraphic classification and correlation in this area, hence the characteristics of the sequence and its establishment are suggested. And the sequence classification and regional correlation of Carboniferous in Lower Yangtse area are discussed. Results show that this area can be divided into 6 third-grade sequences (SQ1-SQ6), among which SQ1, SQ5, SQ6 belong to Type I sequence; SQ2 SQ3, SQ4 to Type II sequence. In northeastern part of Lower Yangtse area, SQ1-SQ6 are completely developed; in southwesterm part of it, SQ1-SQ4 are absent in different degrees; SQ5, SQ6 are distributed in the whole area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Marine Petroleum System Characteristics of Pingle Depression in Jiangxi Province LI Hui-jun, ZHANG Li-qin, LIANG Feng, YANG Hua, GAO Shu-hai 2003, 24 (3):  210-213+176.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (349KB) ( 304 )   Save The marine petroleum system in Pingle depression in Jiangxi province of China is dominated by Permian-Triassic carbonate, shale and coal as source rocks, and characterized by high organic matter abundance, wide distribution, medium maturity and better oil shows. There exist two regional cap rocks of Cretaceous-Paleogene red rock formation and Pt-Triassic nappes. The west-center part of the depression is dominated by gas prospecting, while the east of it by oil exploration. The favorable prospecting areas are Y ugan and Pingxiang regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics and Formation of Attapulgite in Tarim Basin ZHAO Xing-yuan 2003, 24 (3):  214-217+176-177.  Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 228 )   Save Attapulgite is of certain mineralogical features in chemical composition, X-ray diffaction and infrared spectrum. In Tarim basin, it is primarily distributed in Palaeogene, secondly in Cretaceous and Neogene. The formation is closely related to these geological factors such as arid-semi arid paleo-climate and water medium enriched with magnesian ions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Gas Pool Property of Jurassic in Well Yingnan 2 of Tarim Basin YANG Xiao-ning, WANG Guo-lin, ZHANG Li-juan, HU Jian-feng, JIN Ying-ai 2003, 24 (3):  218-220+177.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (483KB) ( 216 )   Save Jurassic gas pool in Well Yingnan 2, Yingjisu seg of Tarim basin is characterized by deep-basinal gas pool. Source rocks with higher hydrocarbon-generating ratio are distibuted widely in Paleozoice stratum with regionally developed deep seg. Hydrocarbon-generating center locates in the deep seg with down-dip tight sandstone successively distributed on the better quality of sandstone reservoir. The closure mechanism of gas pool's cap rock is resulted from the process of capillary pressure and water-sealed event that could augment the capillary pressure,becoming seal of oil and gas, preventing from the vertical diffusing of them which allow gas accumulated in the better quality of sandstone reservoir and finally formned the oil-gas pool. During the long geological history, gas would partially diffuse to upper strata from the pool due to its higher diffusivity. At the same time,source rocks in the sag generating hydrocarbon, which supplemented the diffused gas, forming a gas pool with dynamic balance of diffusion and supplement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Hydrocarbon Evaluation of Kashi Sag in Tarim Basin WU Chao, ZHAI Sheng-min, QIU Bin, YING Hong, WANG Xiao-yun, LIU Song 2003, 24 (3):  221-223+177.  Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (344KB) ( 307 )   Save With the influences of southern Tianshan and westermn Kunlun orogenic belts, Kashi sag in Tarim basin has special wedge geologic structure style. On time aspect, it shows the diversity of structural framework and sedimentary env ironment in different evolution period. On space aspect, it shows overlapping of prototype basin and structural sequence of different types. Traps here were mostly formed in the Himalayan movement period. There are two sets of source rocks in the sag: Jurassic and Carboniferous-Lower Permian source rocks. With larger thickness and wide distributed area, the Jurassic source rock that is at the peak of hydrocarbon generation is major source rock. In this sag, two sets of fine reservoir-cap assemblages are developed: one is Lower Tertiary-Cretaceous and the other is Miocene of Upper Tertiary. The comprehensive evaluation suggests that Kashi sag is of material conditions for forming large-scale oil-gas fields and will be a favorable area for hydrocarbon prospecting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dividing Line between Carboniferous and Permian in Tarim Basin HUANG Zhi-bin, DU Pin-de, ZHAO Zhi-xin 2003, 24 (3):  224-228+177.  Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (1180KB) ( 270 )   Save Evolution of dividing lines of Carboniferous-Permian (C-P) in domestic areas(mainly in Xinjang region) and other places around the world are outlined. Based on the standard of Permian bottom boundary for first-discovered horizons of streptoy nathodus isolatus approved by the international committee, C-P div iding lines in such areas surrounding Tarim basin are re-calibrated as Keping subarea, Tekerik subregion, Arkin subregion, Bachu subarea, as well as Tazhong uplift, Lunnan low swell, Manjar seg and vast desert areal coverage in east of Hetian river, north of Qiemo faulted uplift to Lunnan low swell. The correlation of fossil beds and stages of Lower Permian is also reviewed in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and Application of Integrated Pay Zone Interpretation System JIANG Zhen-xue, LIU Xiao-dong, XU Jing. zhen 2003, 24 (3):  229-231+177-178.  Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (251KB) ( 205 )   Save Based upon the theories of artifcial neural netvork and fuzzy mathematics, a computer system for integrated pay zone interpretation is developed on Sun workstation. There are 46 parameters used to recognize the mature of fluids in reservoir, such as data from core analysis, cuttings, sidewall coring, well log, gas log and dilling. The ownership to oil, gas, water or dry beds is calculated using fuzzy statistics for category attributes, which is a quant itative description for the attribute. Zones containing different fluids are characterized by ten output patterns in the developed dynamice neural network. The structure of the network is adjusted to fit different geologic cases and data obtained by changing the input parameters of the input layer and the number of nodes in the middle layer. The system was applied to some areas in Liaohe depression, and showed remarkable consistent results with well tests in the field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Modification and Its Application of Tong 's Chart Method HE En-jie, JIANG Ming, XIONG Tie, ZENG Qing-qiao, QU Hai-chao 2003, 24 (3):  232-233+178.  Abstract ( 132 )   PDF (361KB) ( 213 )   Save Tong's chart method is universally applied in prediction of field waterflooding recovery at home and abroad, but it is only usedin middle-late stage of oilfield development. For high viscosity reservoir with low waterflooding recovery and complex faulted-block oilfield with low permeability, Tong's chart is not used to describe real water cut and recovery percent. This paper presents analyses of some unreasonable problems in Tong's chart method from mathematics and reservoir development theory and improvements of its computing formulae, which widen its applied fields. The case study shows that modified Tong's chart is more reliable and accurate for description of regularity of varied water cut and recovery percent and for prediction of recovery efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Feasibility of Heavy Oil Cold Flow Production in District Baizhong-7 Well of Baikouquan Oilfield YANG Xue-wen, WANG Yong, XU Xiong, JIANG Y ue-min, CHEN Jian-lin 2003, 24 (3):  238-239+178.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (167KB) ( 272 )   Save The heavy oil reservoir of District Baizhong-7 W ell in Baikouquan oilfield is in the second cycle of development by steam stimulation process with 3 148x104t of OOIP. However, the response from steam stimulation in a single well has shown unsatisfactory efficiencies such as faster decline of production, quick decrease of in-situ oil temperature, short duration of cyclic production with low recovery rate, serious steam breakthrough, sand inflow and casing damage of producer, low cyclic water recovery rate, and early steam/oil ratio of lower than 0.2. Based on comprehensive analysis of the basic features of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in Badaowan formation and Upper Karamay formation, this paper systematically addresses the mechanism and afected factors for sand inflow by heavy oil cold flow production process, and compares with reservoir conditions of studied area. The results show that for this heavy oil reservoir in District Baizhong-7 Well, cold flow production with sand inflow will be carried out, which is of relatively great potentials, and current development stage will be a favorable opportunity for implementation of the cold flow production with sand inflow. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Fractal Method in Studying Variation of Pore Structure in Reservoir Rock before and after Waterflooding MA Xin-fang, ZHANG Shi-cheng, LANG Zhao-xin 2003, 24 (3):  240-241+178.  Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (171KB) ( 207 )   Save There is fractal property in pore space of reservoir rocks. The fractal dimension can be used to describe quantitatively the complexity of pore structures. According to principle of the fractal geometry, the fractal model for pore size distribution and capillary pressure curve is developed, and a correlation between the statistics and fractal parameters is derived. The fractal parameters of pore structure are estimated based on the capillary pressure data before and after waterflooding to investigate the effect of waterflooding on variation of pore structure. The results show that the pore structure becomes more complex and more heterogeneous after waterflooding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of FastTracker in Rolling Development of Karamay Oilfield CAI Sheng-quan, ZHANG Yong, HAN Ming-yi, ZOU Lu-xin, ZHAO Bin, YANG Zhi-dong, CHEN Si-lin, XIE Hong-wei 2003, 24 (3):  242-243+178-179.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (294KB) ( 192 )   Save Quantitative characterization and prediction of distribution and property of oil-gas reservoirs from 3D geological modeling have become main aspects for petroleum exploration and development. In 2001,Karamay formation of Well Block J-131 in District 4-(2), Karamay oilfield entered into rolling development. With aid of advanced Fast Tracker geological modeling software, and based on the previous reservoir description results, visual and intuitionistic 3D structural model, lithologic model and model for porosity-permeability-saturation and resistivity attribute have been developed in this stage. During the implementation of drilling, making use of the real-time updating functions of Fast Tracker, and replenishing new wells data, the accuracy of these modeling has been improved. In addition, using Monte-Carlo method for risk evaluation/estimation, prediction of favorable oil-bearing area in Lower Karamay formation is made, which can be as a guide for this rolling development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimum Algorithm for Choosing Development Model YANG Yu, LU Xin-bian, YANG Yan-jun 2003, 24 (3):  244-245+179.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (225KB) ( 161 )   Save This paper presents an approach for computer to automatically simulate typical curves of petroleum development models based on the optimum theory. The principle of automatic simulation analysis is provided in detail. Using the improved annealing simulation algorithm, full-scale solution of optimal equation is obtained with flow chart for programming. This approach can deal with the problem of the typical curves, and can be applied to estimation of monotone decreasing type and peak shape declining of reservoir production. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Modified Gray Model in Oilfield Production Forecast CHEN Min-feng, LANG Zhao-xin 2003, 24 (3):  246-248+179.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (226KB) ( 210 )   Save The accurate production forecast of oilfield plays an important role in making the modification of development plan and improving the efficiency of operation performance. The Gray predicting theory,accurate difference scheme and modified simulating parameter are applied to develop a model of oilfield production forecast. Because of nonlinear correlation between the simulating parameter and the error of prediction, the optimal value of the parameter is derived with new self-adaptive genetic algorithm. The case estimation shows that this algorithm is faster and more accurate features, and using modified Gray model may significantly improve the accuracy for production forecast. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A pplication of Neural Networks to Reservoir Characterization in Cainan Oilfield WU Chang-wu, YU Hao-ye, SHEN Nan, YIN Dong-ying 2003, 24 (3):  249-250+179.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (327KB) ( 202 )   Save Lithology identification model is developed in Well Block Cai 9 of Cainan oilfield by using neural network technology. The classification can reach 93.75% of coincident rate with the test samples. Also, porosity and permeability model in studied area is developed, by which unknown samples are predicted, obtaining average absolute errors of 0.54% for porosity and 1.68×10-3 μm2 for permeability; average relative errors of 3.5% for porosity and 32% for permeability. The accuracy of prediction is greatly improved compared with traditional methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A pplication of V ariation Function in Description of Plane Heterogeneity of Resevoir BI Yan-bin, MA Cheng-dou, SHI Hong-ping, ZHANG Yu-zhe 2003, 24 (3):  251-253+179.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (682KB) ( 318 )   Save Study of reservoir heterogeneity is significant for reservoir characterization. The parameter space distribution is not only of randomness, but of structural feature. From the basic principle of the variogram in geostatistics, this paper presents a mathematical model for quantitatively characterizing horizontal heterogeneity in reservoir. The case estimated results of using individual sand thickness as regional variables from various types of reservoirs in a field showed that the horizontal heterogeneities in different types of reservoirs fit the basic patterns in sedimentation,and this characterized model can be applied in them. In addition,compared to variable coefficient estimates,this method is superior to the available traditional mathematical statistics approaches. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Porosity Correction Is Lack of Theoretical Basis LI Chuan-liang 2003, 24 (3):  254-256+179-180.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (445KB) ( 282 )   Save Oil-saturated reservoir rocks are normally tight medium. U nder the stress process, this medium is dominated by elastic deformation without porosity variation. For hydrocarbon reserve estimation, no correction of the measured porosity is required. Hence, following traditional porosity corrections, a part of OOIP is always missed intangibly. At the same time, to determine the scope of corrected values may waste great amount of manpower and material resources. It is believed that the principle of porosity invariance during process of tight rock elastic deformation will provide a good deal of convenience for OOIP or reserve estimation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Thinking about Sustainable Development in Domestic Hydrocarbon Resources: Part I GUO Zhan-qian 2003, 24 (3):  257-260+180.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (230KB) ( 244 )   Save Before the founding of New China, we have only two small oilfields named as Y umen and Y anchang fields. In this case, the theory like "Lean Oil China" was prevalent in the world at that time. After the founding of New China, under the guide of Nonmarine Origin Theory, Daqing oilfield was discovered; with source-controlled theory, several more oilfields such as Dagang, Shengli, Liaohe,Huabei, etc. were discovered; while Bohai bay basin field has been enlarged consistently by means of the theory of multiple hydrocarbon accumulation. All of which makes China become No.5 oil producing country in the world. By the fact that Jurassic natural gas and coal-formed hydrocarbons emerged in northern China, this new gas-generated theory allows domestic natural gas resources to be increased by a big margin. Practices for petroleum exploration showed that China's petroliferous basins have distinct geodynamic fields,from which many new petroleum geologic theories have been derived. Looking back, the development of domestic oil-gas resources depends originally on these new theory in petroleum geology; Looking to the future, China 's sustainable development to search for oil-gas resources is in urgent need of new theories. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The History, Status and Future in W orld Oil-Gas 0OIP and Production YANG Lei, LIU Chi-yang 2003, 24 (3):  261-263+180.  Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (317KB) ( 976 )   Save Developments or changes of petroleum industries in the world are sensitive factors which affect up-to-date the international economy and politics, and vice versa. Oil production is a key indicator for reflecting development of petroleum industry in each country. However, it is affected obviously by international and major oil-productive countries”economies and politics, hence it is the comprehensive reflection of world mutual demand relationships. In early 21th century,it is significantly helpful for us to predict developing trend of world petroleum industry in the future, grasp varied peculiarity of oil production and determine developing directions of China's petroleum industry by reviewing the growth and up-and-down facts of world oil production and effects of controlled factors on the world. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application and Research Approaches of Fluid Inclusions LIU Wen-bin, YAO Su-ping, HU Wen-xuan, BIAN Li-zen 2003, 24 (3):  264-267+180.  Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (367KB) ( 594 )   Save This paper presented the application of fluid inclusion in petroliferous basin in geological study and its research approaches as well as available problems. It is concluded that reasonable selection and integrated utilization of the methods for measuring fluid inclusions can get proper evaluation of history of petroleum migration and accumulation in conjunction with the geologic setting information in a target area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Serpentinite in Oceanic Crust-Source Rock А.Н. Дмитриевский, И.Е. Баланюк, О.Г. Сорхтин, А.Ш. Донгарян, REN Yu 2003, 24 (3):  268-271+180.  Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (315KB) ( 282 )   Save The processes of hydration of oceanic core rocks by ocean water containing a dissloved carbon dioxide are considered in the article. It is shown, that these processes lead to generation of abiogenous methane and hydrogen. The greater amount of methane is derivated during the process of serpentinization of ferruginous ultrabasite rocks at the expense of oxidizing divalent iron up to its tribalen state and restoring of carbon dioxide up to methane. Thus hydrogen is released owing to dissociations of ocean water on dibalent iron. The generation rate of methane in the oceanic core reaches 9 million t/year, and hydrogen 9.7 t/year. The considerable part of methane and hydrogen acidifies by bacteria, occupy ing hydrotherms, or is saved as gas hydrates in ocean sediments, but the essential part of these gases is allocated in the atmosphere. Related Articles | Metrics