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01 April 2003, Volume 24 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Petroleum Accumulation System of Luliang Area in Junggar Basin ZHA Ming, CHEN Zhong-hong, ZHU Xiao-min, ZHANG Nian-fu, ZHANG Yue-qian 2003, 24 (2):  97-99+184.  Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (1327KB) ( 444 )   Save Two petroleum systems developed in Luliang area of Junggar basin are called Well Pen-1 sag system and Mahu sag system. The latter has very limited distribution due to its location only in slope of east of Mahu sag. Influenced by regional structural evolution, there are three hydrological systems on section from deep to shallow with diferent hydrological settings and distinctive features for controlling hy-drocarbon migration and accumulation for each system. It is indicated that transported system in the studied area is a well developed, opening and more effective system that has well-controlled effect on the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Proof of Fluid Geochemistry for the Controlling of Fault on Oil in Junggar Basin ZHANGYi-jie 2003, 24 (2):  100-106+184.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (1754KB) ( 202 )   Save Faulted zone as a very important type of structure occurred in petroliferous basin takes a significant part of controlling migra-tion, accumulation and reservoir of hydrocarbons. But few proofs were previously available in such studies. This paper reveals the geo-his-toric traces that a great amount of oil-gas flow exists in faulted zone, based on researched results in fluid property, composition, mode, stage and scale of reservoirs of both sides of Hongche faulted zone in northwestern margin of Junggar basin. It is recognized from analysis of optical property and composition of organic inclusion enclaves as well as uniform distribution characteristic of reservoir temperature that the faulting is not only as a major channel for oil-gas migration, but also controls migrating direction of oil- gas bearing fluid in this basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Gravity Equilibrium and Its Geological Significance in Qiangtang Basin WANG Yi-chang, YANG Hui, GUO Zu-jun 2003, 24 (2):  107-109+184.  Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (1636KB) ( 206 )   Save Gravity field in Qiangtang basin is of correlation in different levels with landform, which is the most principal feature. Among them the Level-Ⅱ is the most important correlation. Study shows that crustal low resistivity zone should be the crustal isostatic adjustment surface; upward highland is corresponding to downwarped low resistivity zone block, both shape isostatic cylindrical body (ICB) of mountain massif. In contrast, downparped lowland is corresponding to upward low resistivity zone, constituting reverse ICB of mountain massif. Hence, ICB appears to be multi-side shapes with an area of about 1x104km2. In north Qiangtang area, the ICB occurs in array of inverse “V” form; while the reverse ICB arranges in E-W orientation. They imply the petroleum geologic significance that south and north Qiangtang should be basins of different features; the large gravity lows are not deep depression deposits but reconstructed isostatic upward and rising structural zones; the low resistivity zone uplifting might change the basin into relatively cold or hot crust and cold or hot basin, thus having more impor-tant efcts on its thermal evolution of hydrocarbons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Flow Field and Secondary Hydrocarbon Mi-gration-an example from northwestern margin in Junggar basin WANG Zhi-zhang, XIAO Chun-lin, YAN Ping, WANG Yu-hua, YUAN Shu-wu 2003, 24 (2):  110-111+184-185.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (684KB) ( 266 )   Save A concept of flow field with new meanings is introduced into study of secondary petroleum migration, and systematically clas-sified and characterized. Flow field refers to the space occupied by fluid, comprising reservoir, transport layer or carrying layer. It is divided from large to small scale into basin-region flow field, oilfield -reservoir flow field, layer flow field and porous flow field. This paper discusses the flow field type, scale, difference and capacity for collecting hydrocarbon in source area and their ffcts on contolling petroleum migra-tion/ accumulation, reservoir scale and location. It is definitely pointed out that the unconformity flow field of bottom of Karamay formation in northwestern margin of Junggar basin is major pathway for accumulating, transporting and distributing hydrocarbon from source rocks up and down in study area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Origin of Stratigraphic Activated Water and Its Relationship with Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Junggar Basin WANG Zhong-hou, ZHANG Shu-jun, TIAN Ying, LIU Gui-feng, LI Zhen, XIANG Shu-zheng 2003, 24 (2):  112-114+185.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (228KB) ( 320 )   Save 252 activated water samples have been picked and analyzed. It is found that they are characterized by high salinity, high acti-vated coefficient,and NaHCO3 formation water in early state of activation is mainly distributed along District 9 of Karamay oilfield-Wuerhe oilfield-Fengcheng oilfield-Mahu oilfield, with trace elements of boron (B), ammonium (NH4+), and abnormal high content of organic carbons. This area is just situated in zones where mantle is bulging and a great fault goes through in Junggar basin. In eastern part of the basin, there also exists a Tantle bulge zone”called W ucaiwan oil region in which much activated water occur. In the past, to evaluate subsurface occlu-sion property only depended upon the ratio of rNa/rCl of CaCl2 formation water. Nowadays, we can even evaluate the subsurface occlusion property of NaHCO3 water. Appearance of activated water implies the hopes for finding out hydrocarbon reservoirs, presuming if a light oil pool is found, and estimating the possibly formed period of a hydrocarbon reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Structural Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Yanqi Basin YAO Ya-ming, LIU Chi-yang, ZHAO Zeng-lu, SUN Zi-ming 2003, 24 (2):  115-117+185.  Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (1032KB) ( 361 )   Save Yanqi basin, located in south Tianshan mountain belt, is a Meso-Cenozoic medium-small superimposed composite hydrocar-bon basin developed on Hercynian fold basement and Proterozoic crystalline basement. Tectonic evolution in it underwent four stages of Pa-leozoic basement formation, Mesozoic foreland basin development, Tertiary compressional and depressed basin development and Quaternarystrike-slip and uplifting. It is Yanshanian and Himalayan faulting that control configuration and scale of its depression and uplift. The struc-tural deformation is characterized by thrust nappe and strike-slip associated with a large number of local structures. Study shows that struc-tural evolution has a significant effect on formation of petroleum system,hydrocarbon reservoir preservation condition and hydrocarbon en-richment regularity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Type and Configuration of Petroleum Transportation System ZHANG Wei-hai, ZHA Ming, QU Jiang-xiu 2003, 24 (2):  118-120+185.  Abstract ( 133 )   PDF (757KB) ( 376 )   Save Petroleum transportation system is classified into three kinds such as reservoir transport system, faulting transport system and unconformity transport system and eight types. These transportation systems are discussed in characteristics and affected factors. And the transport layer configuration between space and time is highlighted. Study shows that these configurations are major factors affecting effec-tiveness of transport system; a concept of migration ranks is proposed followed by discussion of its significance in the study of hydrocarbonmigration References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Petroleum Geology of Luobupo Sag in Tarim Basin ZHENG Duo-ming, LI Yue-jun, YANG Lai-shun, LU Yu-hong 2003, 24 (2):  121-123+185-186.  Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (629KB) ( 181 )   Save Luobupo sag is located on east of Y ingjisu sag. Both of sags are situated in eastern Tarim basin. Great success of petroleum exploration had been achieved in Yingjisu sag in 2002. Based on the analyses of basinal type, tectonic evolution, trap development, source rock evaluation, reservoir and seal-reservoir assemblages,we believe that Luobupo sag has the same geologic evolution history and basic petroleum geologic condition as Y ingjisu sag. It is also of good prospect for making breakthrough of petroleum exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Simulation of Structural Stress Field during Yanshan Movement in Junggar Basin YANG Wei-li, WANG Yi, LI Ya-hui, LI Yuan-hao 2003, 24 (2):  124-126+186.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (1332KB) ( 269 )   Save By 3D simulation procedure of limited element method, this paper presents the simulation of paleo-tectonic stress field in Junggar basin during Yanshan movement. The results show that the high value zone of the maximum principal stress in this period distributes the basinal margin with low interior stress. From south to north, the trend of the maximum principal stress changes from high to low. The mini-mum principal stress assumes zonal distribution with trend near E _W, similar to fault trend and major structural line. The shear stress mainly distributes in the basinal surroundings with low interior shear stress. Integrating available petroleum geological data and hydrocarbon migra-tion data, these stress distributions are favorable for oil/ gas accumulation in the center uplift belt, low stress zone of north Tianshan mountain front and western part as well as relatively low stress zone surrounded with high stress zone in Junggar basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Condition of Neopaleozoic Deep Basin Gas Accumulation in Fuxian Exploration Area in Ordos Basin ZHANG Xin-jian, LIU Xin-gang, WANG Xin-feng 2003, 24 (2):  127-129+186.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (1413KB) ( 205 )   Save Fuxian exploration area is located in southeastern part of Ordos basin. In Neopaleizoic, this area is in the center of hydrocar-bon generating kitchen in southerm part of the basin, being characterized by sufficient supply of gas, well-developed tight sandstone reservoir with low porosity and permeability. Preliminary exploration result shows that the Upper Paleozoic reservoir is widely gas-enriched, and pos-sesses basic features of deep basin gas accumulation. It should be a favorable area for gas exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Petroleum Geology in Yinggen-Ejinaqi Basin ZHANG Dai-sheng, LI Guang-yun, LUO Zhao, LI Xing-liang 2003, 24 (2):  130-133+186.  Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (1013KB) ( 341 )   Save Yinggen FEjinaqi basin is a large hydrocarbon basin with very low exploratory degree. The basin is a Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basin developed on dual basement, Paleozoic fold basement and Precambrian crystalline land block, and underwent Cretaceous expanding and Jurassic transtensional evolution stages, with developed fault depressions and rifts. It is mainly characterized by many isolated and small depositional sags. There exist three petroleum systems of Middle and Lower Jurassic and Cretaceous. Each hydrocarbon source sag forms independent petroleum system. Geologically, this basin has good prospect for petroleum exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Control of Paleotectonic Movement on Oil-Gas Distribution in Qongkuqak Structural Zone WU Chao, YIN Hong, ZHAI Sheng-min, WANG Xiao-yun, YE Cui-hua, LI Jian-li 2003, 24 (2):  134-135+186.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (168KB) ( 277 )   Save The formation and development of Qongkuqak structural zone underwent two stages, i.e, Hercynian paleostructural forming stage and Himalayan present-structural forming stage. Based on analysis of structural development history in this structural zone,control of paleostructure on reservoir, control of paleotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation and then hydrocarbon distribution are studied. It is believed that present oil-gas pool is actually Qongkuqak paleostructual reservoir. West area of W ell Q-5 has still huge unproved reserves and is very favorable area for petroleum exploration. Also, this paper offers prediction of the favorable reservoir and hydrocarbon distribution extent by applying reservoir lateral prediction and hydrocarbons detection techniques. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Interpretation of Flowing Well Testing Data with Downhole Flow Pressure Rising WANG Xin-hai, ZHANG Dong-li, ZHANG Fu-xiang, LIU De-hai, LEI Sheng-lin 2003, 24 (2):  138-140+187.  Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (502KB) ( 169 )   Save The interpretation technique and software about flowing well testing data with downhole flow pressure rising are completely blanks at home and abroad. For this reason, the mathematical and numerical models with variable skin factor,deformed dual porosity and high velocity non-Darcy flow are established, and the software for interpretation and evaluation of them is developed, which can be used to in-terpret flowing well testing data with downhole flow pressure rising that is impossibly interpreted by other well test analysis software. The skin factor and real absolute open flow vs. time in a gas well can also be obtained. Practical application shows that the method or software presented in this paper is not only of feasibility, but the interpreted results are close to real conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Profile Control and Displacement Method as an Important Means for Stable Oil Production by Water-Cut Control in Low Permeability Reservoir LI Xing-xun, ZHANG Sheng, YIN Dong-ying, FENG Ye-qing, BARATI·Kurban, XU Shu-sen 2003, 24 (2):  141-143+187.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (744KB) ( 237 )   Save Xishanyao reservoir in Cainan oilfield is a typical low-extra low permeability oil pool with well developed micro-fracture and serious heterogeneity of reservoir. Following the several-year high level of production, it has appeared in quickly rising water cut, high pro-duction decline and complicated distribution of formation pressure field due to water breakthrough and watered out. Hence, a series of measures have been taken such as conventional and depth profile controls in water injection wells and "econdary plus tertiary recovery technologies”, based on in-depth reservoir studies in order to make sure development of pay zone in vertical and horizontal directions, connection between injection and production wells, reservoir depositional microfacies, petrophysical facies, fractural facies and fluid flow behavior. The results have shown that producing level of pay zone increases from 68% to 95%, enabling deep flow to be displaced transversely, and improving water flooding swept volume and displacement efficiency. Each injection well is stimulated, and followed by two production wells being responsible in average. W ater cut in the stimulated well group decreases from 4.5% to 2.9%, with production decline slowing down from 20% to 10%, along with input-output ratio over 1: 3.5. These profile control measures have played important roles in stable oil production by water-cut control for the whole reservoir, and offered significant economic efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SVD Method and Its Application in Attenuating Random Noise WU Ya-dong, FU Xi, WEN Peng-fei, WANG Hong-yu, TAN Shao-quan, REN Fu-xin, JIANG Wei-cai 2003, 24 (2):  144-145+187.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (562KB) ( 339 )   Save Singular value decomposition (SVD) is found to be extensive application in attenuating random noise of seismic data processing. Focusing on the random noise attenuation, seismic data matrix is reselected by event shapes determined with polynomial expression, the data matrix reselected is then filtered by SVD in order to attenuate random noise. The study of SVD reveals the principles of SVD and its filtering,which offer theoretical basis for further application of SVD in geophysical prospecting. Application with real data shows that this method used for removing noise is of flexibility, high reality and high resolution. Also, it has significant effects on sudden pulse interference, offside reflection and other reverse interferences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Quantitative Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir—An example of Tahe oilfield ZHANG Shi-qing, FAN Zheng-jun, LIU Jian-hua, GAO Qiu-tao, LIU Jie 2003, 24 (2):  146-148+188.  Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (825KB) ( 502 )   Save The Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tahe oilield is a complex reservoir with low porosity, low permeability, fractures and vugs, serious heterogeneity as well as variety of fluid properties, along with multiple faults and complicated structural shapes. For fractured reservoir,electrical imaging information can be used to directly or visually reflect the dip or dip angle of fractures and development of vugs and dissolved pores, etc. It is now the most advanced and optimal well log technique applied to fractured reservoirs. In addition, dual laterolog of conventional well log can offer differential amplitudes which may depict characters of fractures to a certain extent. Hence, combination of conventional well logs, electric imaging data and XMAC information could be adopted to identify the reservoir with pores, vugs and fractures. This paper proposes a method of "Weight evaluation” for classification and quantitative evaluation of the Ordovician reservoir in Tahe oilfield on the basis of the actual production situation. By production testing verification, its coincidence rate is up to 92.3%。Furthermore, prediction of lateral distribution of developed thickness of the Ordovician Grade I reservoir is made,and the results accord with real geological conditions of Tahe oilfield. This method is good for extensive application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Well Test Model for Fractal Dual Porosity Closed Reservoir LI Shun-chu 2003, 24 (2):  149-151+188.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (241KB) ( 256 )   Save In fractal dual porosity reservoir model, the features of fractured media and rock matrix are introduced, which reflect the frac-tal dimension that describes fractal geometrical characteristic and the fractal index that depicts connectivity of fractal flow network. The mathematical model with closed boundary for well test analysis is developed considering variable flow rate under borehole storage and skin effects. For a special case that is widely applied, this paper presents Laplace space solution for dimensionless reservoir pressure and bottom hole pressure,reducing several practical formulas,and making further discussion for application. This study can be as a guide for oil/gas reservoir simulation with great convenience and instruction to the relative uses. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calculation of Relative Permeability of Low Permeability Rock with Multiple Factors DENG Ying-er, LIU Ci-qun, PANG Hong-wei 2003, 24 (2):  152-154+188.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (542KB) ( 320 )   Save Relative permeability of reservoir is very important for making a development program in an oifield. It is often tested by an unsteady state flow experiment and calculated by JBN method, which is only fit for Darcy flow through medium-high permeability with high velocity of displacement because of taking neither non-Darcy flow nor capillary attraction into account. Formulas of calculating relative permeability with starting pressure gradient, capillary attraction and gravity are derived respectively according to water wet core and oil wet core. The formulas can not be restricted by high experimental displacement velocity. This method can be used to deal with lab determination and calculated method for unsteady state relative permeability of low permeability reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Improvement of Recovery Performance of Wei-5 Heavy Oil Reservoir by CO2 Stimulation Process LIANG Ling, CHENG Lin-song, LI Chun-lan 2003, 24 (2):  155-157+188-189.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 226 )   Save Study of using CO2 stimulation process in Wei-5 thin-layer heavy oil reservoir with medium-low permeability and complicated small fault block is conducted. By numerical simulation technique, sensitivity factors of CO2 stimulation are analyzed. The result shows that the major factors afcting CO2 stimulation performance include cyclic CO2 injection volume,CO2 injection rate and bottom hole pressure, while the soaked period has restricted effect. Based on increased oil production and improved oil production per unit volume of CO2 injection as evaluated basis, the calculated result indicates that under high CO2 injection volume,high CO2 injection rate and reasonably controlled bottom hole pressure, optimal cyclic numbers can be determined and better CO2 stimulation performance can be obtained. This study can be as a guide for development of those similar to this type of heavy oil reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development of Intlow Performance Relationships for Non-Darcy Flow in Low Permeability Reservoir ZHENG Xiang-ke, AO Yong-jian, MEN Cheng-quan, WEI Jun-zhi 2003, 24 (2):  158-160+189.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (989KB) ( 293 )   Save The inflow performance relationships (IPR) with starting pressure gradient are presented based on Wiggins' Darcy flow work, which supports application of IPR analytical technique in low and extremely low permeability reservoirs. In this paper, sensibility analysis for affecting major inflow-performance factors is made, showing that IPR with starting pressure and its process differ significantly from those of using Darcy flow. It is demonstrated that production of low permeability reservoir is theoretically based on the process of big pressure difference and close spacing in general. According to the new equations proposed here, the well performance characteristics of Chang -6 extra-low permeability reservoir in Jing'an oilfield are analyzed, proving its better predictions of such a reservoir productivity than present conventional methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lab Test of Hydrocarbon Gas Injection in Middle Sha-3 Reservoir of Block Wen-72 ZENG Xian-hui, PENG Peng-shang, WANG Jin-an, CHEN De-bin, LUO Song-gang 2003, 24 (2):  161-163+189.  Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 224 )   Save The lab test of hydrocarbon gas injection into low permeability and volatile reservoir in Block Wen-72 of W enliu oilfield is presented, which includes physical property study of formation fluid, injected solvent component analysis and the minimum miscibility pressure of formation fluid and injected solvent at 130C through slim tube. The study shows that the minimum miscibility pressure is 47.1Mpa, the recovery factor is 65.7% when gas breakthrough is made, the ultimate recovery factor is 86. 1%. Water flooding lab test indicates that the breakthrough recovery is up to 61.9%,the recovery factor is up to 64.5% when water cut is up to 98%. Gas/ water alternating injection following water flooding includes 3 cycles for each plug of 0.2PV. The ultimate recovery factor of 95.22% is higher than that of water flooding by 30.69%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of DNA Gene Detection Technique in the Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery LV Zhen-shan, DI Sheng-jie, WANG Li-feng, ZHANG Wei-guo 2003, 24 (2):  164-166+189.  Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (217KB) ( 243 )   Save The effect of field test by microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) showed its large fluctuation, unknown causes for success or failure, and hard to determine the microbial's adaptability to reservoirs, stimulation performance and applicable potentials. For these real reasons, the microbial DNA gene detection technique is developed, which provides an effective tool for investigating target microbial's genus, concentration, adaptability to reservoir, recovery performance and field application potential. By field test of well stimulation, paraffin removal and microbial flooding, together with systematic analysis of trace detection of the target microbial genus, major elements of affecting and restricting every link to the test are proposed. These are as a guide for technological modification, optimal scheme design and predominating test proceeding along with in-depth research and extensive application of MEOR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Sand Connectivity Evaluation in Prediction of Subtle Traps HU Zong-quan 2003, 24 (2):  167-170+189-190.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (1548KB) ( 224 )   Save Sand connecting scale in space is a key factor controlling size and abundance of lithologic trap. This paper presents statistic alanalysis of single well sand body and correlation of multi-well sand bodies integrated interwell logs with Kriging interpolation metrod, by which the connectivity evaluation of sequential sand spaces of Jurassic in northwestern margin of Junggar basin has been made, predicting favorable zones of the lithologic trap applying lateral distribution of sand content technique. Several conclusions are then drawn as follows:1)low sand content is favorable for forming lithologic trap, but thin sand thickness is hard to form large scale of lithologic trap; 2)taking relative isochronal horizon as a restricting condition, interwell log with Kriging interpolation can remarkably increase the accuracy of sand correlation; 3)in Grade Ⅱ sequence of Jurassic, it is much easier to form lithologic traps in Grade Ⅲ sequences of B and C, which lie in lake-transgressing period and the maximum lake-flooding period of GradeⅡ sequence, respectively, while it is more dificult to form lithologic traps in Grade Ⅲ sequences of A and D, which lie in lowstand and highstand periods of the Grade Ⅱ sequence, respectively; 4)the favorable zones forming lithologic traps are often located in areas with low sand content and quick declining toward updip direction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Cross Dipole Acoustic Logs WANG Ru-xin 2003, 24 (2):  171-190.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (139KB) ( 240 )   Save In recent years,to search for anisotropic reservoir mainly characterized by fractures has become one of major targets for petroleum exploration. With progressive improvement of dipole acoustic log techniques, particularly, the extensive application of dipole shear wave acoustic log tools such as DSI (Schlumberger) and XMAC (Bakerhughes) allows to be possible for use of acoustic log in determination of anisotropy of reservoir. This paper outlines the advantages of dipole shear wave image log tool and presents the principle of application of this technique in determination of reservoir anisotropy and applied results in Turpan-Hami oilfield. Related Articles | Metrics

Prospect of Coal-Bed Gas Exploration in Turpan-Hami Basin LI Qiao-mei, WANG Rui-ying, HU Jun, CHEN Hong-liang 2003, 24 (2):  172-175+190.  Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 301 )   Save Since success of coal-bed gas prospecting in Powder River basin with low coal rank in America, coal-bearing basin with lowcoal rank has been no longer “restricted area” for coal-bed gas exploration. As estimated by experts, China has coal-bed gas resources in low coal rank of about 16x 1012m3,accounting for 47% of the total amount. Turpan-Hami basin is one of major low coal rank basins in China. This paper presents the basinal coal-bed developed feature, coal-bed gas concentration and composition, property of coal-bed isothermal adsorption, as well as coal reservoir characteristics. It is concluded that Turpan-Hami basin is of abundant material bases,wide and bright prospects for coal-bed gas exploration. In the coming future, coal-bed gas is likely to be a major substituted resource for conventional oil and gas prospecting in Turpan-Hami basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Volcanic Activity and Hydrocarbon Resources GUO Zhan-qian 2003, 24 (2):  176-179+190.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (275KB) ( 258 )   Save Deep materials of the earth tend to be brought by volcanic activities to crustal derm. A bivariate structural basin with sedimentary rock and volcanic rock has not only low geothermal and biogenic organic materials from the crustal derm,but also high geothermal and abiogenic materials from deep earth, which include gaseous materials such as CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, H2, He, Ar, etc., and liquid materials like hydrothermal juvenile water and various elements carried by water. Therefore, in a depositional basin where volcanic event took place, different natural gas resources composed of hydrocarbon gas and non-hydrocarbon gas should be existed, including biogenetic oil-gas resources, multi-element associated resources carried by water and/or oil as well as geothermal resources carried by water. In other words, crude and formation water existed in bivariate structural basin are not only of resource value by themselves,but also of more valuable associated resources of multiple elements; and they belong to minerals of deposits which will be as major resources in new-type industries such as oil metallurgical industry and subsurface water metallurgical industry in this new century. References | Related Articles | Metrics