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01 October 2009, Volume 30 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Petroliferous Fluid Activity Feature in Fault Belt Areas in Hinterland of Junggar Basin SHI Xin-pu, CAO Jian, LI Shi-hong, HU Wen-xuan, YAO Su-ping, FAN Tai-liang 2009, 30 (5):  547-549.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (346KB) ( 163 )   Save Based on the studies of mineralogy-petrology of fluid activity and geochemistry of fluid inclusion, the petroliferous fluid activity feature in fault belt areas in hinterland of Junggar basin is presented. It is considered that the faults are as major channels for the petroliferous fluid activity or migration characterized by multi-properties and multistage. The fluids migrating along the faults are enriched with elements of Mn and Fe and have episodic flowing characteristic. It is suggested that the upper walls of the faults could be as dominant directions of petroliferous fluid migration in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Bioclastic Limestone Section of Bachu Formation in Bachu Area, Tarim Basin KUANG Li-xiong, GUO Jian-hua, GUO Yong-kang, WANG Ming-yan, ZHANG Hong-an 2009, 30 (5):  550-553.  Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (358KB) ( 234 )   Save This paper studies the stratigraphic sequence of bioclastic limestone section of Bachu formation of Carboniferous in Bachu area of Tarim basin, based on which studies the bioclastic limestone reservoir characteristics and its distribution with core analysis data. Also, using fluid-inclusion analysis technique, this paper studies the hydrocarbon charging and accumulation history and its main controlling factors in this area. It is shown that this reservoir is characterized by grainstone and dolomite in lithology, pore, pore-fracture and fracture in reservoir space type, as well as main factors affecting the reservoir petrophysical property such as sedimentation, diagenesis and tectonic process. The most favorable reservoir could be distributed along and nearby Wellblock Mai-6 to Mai-4 in western Bachu area. The reservoir type is anticlinal reservoir and fractured reservoir, the former is dominant. There exist at least two periods of hydrocarbon charging and accumulation (Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan movements). The reservoir quality, tectonic evolution, fault and trap are the important factors controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Overpressure Improves Deep Reservoir Quality: Mechanism and Petroleum Geologic Significance LI Hui-jun, ZHOU Xin-gui, ZHANG Lin-yan, ZHANG Wen-cai 2009, 30 (5):  554-556.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (258KB) ( 294 )   Save The improvement of overpressure on deep reservoirs includes multiple mechanisms of origin such as the effective stress for bringing down the burial depth of reservoirs, inhibition of diagenesis, secondary porosity associated with overpressure leak-off, development of natural hydraulic fractures, and fluid-flowing convection controlled by overpressure, etc. Each mechanism has its special effect on reservoir quality, by which the distribution of such deep reservoirs can be predicted precisely and effectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristic of Carbonate Oxygen-Carbon Stable Isotopes in Volcanic Rocks in Luxi Area,Junggar Basin KONG Yu-hua, SHEN Xin-an, LI Gui-qiu, SHAN Shou-hui, LI Gang 2009, 30 (5):  557-559.  Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (277KB) ( 200 )   Save The study of the volcanic rocks in Luxi area of Junggar basin indicates that the carbonate minerals placing in pores has great effect on the reservoir property. The oxygen-carbon stable isotopes in them are analyzed, showing that the values of δ 13 C and δ 18 O are lighter and Z value is low, which reflect they are formed in fresh water environment. Based on the carbonate crystallization temperature they occur in three settings: the most carbonate minerals are formed in the early stage of early diagenesis, some formed in the weathered and leaching stage, a few in the hydrothermal stage. Through the relationship between the oxygen isotope and the paleo-temperature, it is deduced that the crystallization time of spacing carbonate minerals could be from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. The source rocks reach the stage of low maturity to early high maturity. They are distributed in low swell zone adjacent to the source sag and subjected to fresh- water leaching process. In the volcanic rocks there still exists part of the pores not filled by the carbonate minerals. In period of major hydrocarbon expulsion from the source rocks, the nearer the source sag, the stronger the solution is, and there could be relatively premium volcanic reservoirs in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Floating Datum Prestack Depth Migration Method to Piedmont Complex Structure Imaging SU Qin, LV Bin, TIAN Yan-can, WANG Xi-wen, WANG Yu-chao 2009, 30 (5):  560-562.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (312KB) ( 374 )   Save Complex structure imaging has become bottleneck of piedmont seismic exploration. Conventional seismic imaging method couldn't get correct imaging because of the limit of its algorithm and adaptability. This paper selects and analyzes the advantage of floating datum prestack depth migration over the mixed datum migration. By means of Kirchhoff integral method and wave equation method, it is shown that Kirchhoff integral method is more suitable for piedmont prestack migration. The correlation and analysis of the migration effect 2-D survey lines of piedmont zone indicate the effectiveness of this floating datum prestack depth migration method applied to piedmont complex structure imaging. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Seismic Identification of Volcanic Reservoir Constrained by Geology Model TANG Hua-feng, CUI Feng-lin, WANG Pu-jun, CAO Guo-yin, YANG Bo 2009, 30 (5):  563-565.  Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (668KB) ( 133 )   Save Volcanic effective reservoir is mainly distributed in sub-facies of crater and near-crater zones. Taking the volcanic rocks of upper part of Yingcheng formation in YX area in Songliao basin as an example, these attributes such as single envelop reflecting reservoir porosity feature, dip angle reflecting volcanic edifice and waveform reflecting volcanic facies are utilized to predict the effective reservoir. The area of low single envelop, big dip angle and disorder reflection is classified into developed effective reservoir; the area of high single envelop, small dip angle and continuous waveform into undeveloped effective reservoir; the transition area into some effective reservoir. 23 favorable and target areas for forming the effective reservoirs are identified using this method as bases for further exploration of volcanic reservoirs in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Trace Element Contents and Their Oil-Gas Geological Significance in Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin ZENG Chun-lin, JIANG Bo, YIN Cheng-ming, WANG Yan-hua, BAO Yuan 2009, 30 (5):  566-568.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (305KB) ( 305 )   Save The testing results of trace elements in the northern margin of Qaidam basin show that contents of Sc, Ti, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cs, La, Tb, Ho, Lu in semi-deep lake facies are obviously higher than those in the other sedimentary settings; the Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Cs, La and La series elements have positive correlations with Ti and Fe, but negative correlations with K, Si, Al; the Ni/Co ratio (4.22) and δCe value (3.9) from Well Yu-25 indicate that the Middle Jurassic is reducing environment. The vertical changes of the trace elements show that the Middle Jurassic in Well Yu-25 experiences two up-down base level cycles. Based on the comparison of trace elements between test samples and standard samples, the sandstone in the northern margin of Qaidam basin is believed to be basic-neutral provenance. It is suggested that trace element is of great significance in sedimentary environment analysis, searching for source rocks and oil-gas exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Volcanic Geopetal Structure of Carboniferous and Its Relationship with Petroleum in Beisantai Field, Junggar Basin ZHANG Li-xia, LI Pei-Jun, ZHU Guo-hua, GUO Mo-zhen, DING Feng-ling 2009, 30 (5):  569-570.  Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (242KB) ( 255 )   Save The geopetal structures of volcanic rocks in Beisantai field of Junggar basin are similar to those of carbonate rocks, which are mainly found in volcanic gas pores and autoclase fissures. The bottom of them is dominated by filter mud deposit, the top of them by crystal sodalite and other authigenic minerals, with flat interface. The discovery of volcanic geopetal structures is of important significance in identification of top and bottom of volcanic rocks, classification of lithologic facies and oil-gas exploration. It is concluded that the strata developed with geopetal structures have relatively premium quality, developed solution porosity, higher production rate as oil zone and oil-water bearing zone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis and Correction of Distorted Subsalt Structure in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin LIANG Shun-jun, WU Chao, TANG Yi, LEI Gang-lin, FENG Lei, LI Le, XU Zhen-ping, GAO Huai-jun 2009, 30 (5):  571-575.  Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (874KB) ( 263 )   Save The oil-gas exploration of subsalt structure in Kuqa depression indicates that the structural styles appear to be seriously distorted in time section for being influenced by the structural styles and velocity structures of overlying strata, resulting in partly big differentiation from real configuration. This paper analyzes the key factors affecting the distorted degree of subsalt structure by forward modeling, classifies the distorted subsalt structure into two types of distorted ones, one is affected by wave diffraction, the other is by wave reflection, based on dynamic feature of seismic wave propagation, and introduces two concepts: the subsalt structure's horizontal level line (L sh ) and the average velocity change trend line (v av ), which can be used to distinguish the true or false and distorted degree of subsalts in time section. It is concluded that the prestack migration and time-depth conversion method can be applied to effective correction of such a distorted phenomenon and prediction of the migration direction and distance of highs, hence providing more reliable traps and well locations for petroleum exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Control Factors of Igneous Rocks Formation and Distribution in Dongbu Sag in Liaohe Depression YANG Guang-da 2009, 30 (5):  576-578.  Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (344KB) ( 263 )   Save The formation mechanism of Eogene igneous rocks in Dongbu sag in Liaohe depression is analyzed in terms of forming environment and structural evolution. It is suggested that the various igneous rocks in this area belong to cogenetic magma without hybridism, and the crystal fractionation period of related trachyte is longer than those of basalt and diabase. The diabase is intrusive mass of Late Oligocene. The volcanic rock of the middle section of Sha-3 member features underwater eruption, while the upper section of Sha-3 member to Dongying formation is dominated by above-water eruption. The magma activity is mainly controlled by such faults as Jiexi, Jiazhangsi and Erjiegou, etc., and its center in Eocene is located in the middle section of Dongbu sag, the active center of magma in Oligocene is located in two sides of south and north Dongbu sag. The trachyte is mainly found in the midsection of Sha-3 member in south-central Dongbu sag. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimization Design of 3-D Seismic Observation System Based on Geophysical Forward Model SU Pi-bo, LEI Huai-yan, YANG Ji-you 2009, 30 (5):  579-581+584.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (710KB) ( 254 )   Save Dayi area in Sichuan basin is characterized by complicated subsurface structures. In the previous exploration, the seismic observation system was not effectively designed for the oil-enriched object area, leading to inconspicuous event set and fault points on the seismic profile and failing to understand structures. In order to clarify the occurrence, property and distribution of two major faults in this area, this paper presents the geophysical forward model of this area, conducts the seismic data acquisition demonstration and the optimization design/selection of the 3-D seismic observation system using ray tracing forward modeling and full wave field equation analysis and discusses the suitability of the data acquisition. The results show that the 3-D seismic observation system optimization design and selection can be able to greatly improve the quality of the seismic profile and the imaging accuracy of geologic bodies in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Source and Enrichment Condition of Mercury in Natural Gas GOU Yan-xia, HOU Dong-cai, WANG Xu-dong 2009, 30 (5):  582-584.  Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (188KB) ( 259 )   Save Based on the great amount of measured data of mercury at home and abroad, integrated with the variation of its concentration in coal measures in the course of evolution, this paper discusses the source and enrichment conditions of mercury in natural gas, and suggests that the formation of a high mercury concentration gas field needs two conditions, one is effective magma activity, the other is special temperature. So the dominant distribution area of high mercury concentration gas could be in the deep strata of the tension fault basin in eastern China and foreland basin in western China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Overpressure Genesis and Differential Characteristics of Paleogene in Dongying Sag XU Tao-yu, CAO Ying-chang, GUO Xue-jiao, OU Hao-wen, ZHANG Bo-ming 2009, 30 (5):  585-587+602.  Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (420KB) ( 224 )   Save There exist three types of over-pressured formations of Paleogene in Dongying sag. The undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation are the genetic mechanism of mudstone overpressure, according to the synthetic compaction curve and pressure forward modeling. The contact transmission leads to the overpressure of type-I sandstone contacting over-pressured mudstone, while the connecting transmission is the cause of forming overpressure of type-II sandstone. It is shown that weak overpressure occurs in mudstone in deeper well interval of Middle Sha-3 member, middle overpressure in Lower Sha-3 member and high overpressure in Sha-4 member. The mudstone pressure center depends on the sedimentary center, so the intensity of overpressure is decreasing toward the basin margin and distributed circularly. There is little overpressure in shallow sandstone less than 3 000 m in depth, except for its part distribution near the fault zone and unconformity, and the overpressure intensity of the sandstone is greater than that of the mudstone. In depth of over 3 000 m, such an intensity of the sandstone is smaller than that of the mudstone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Using Oilfield Scale Sequential Method for Evaluation of Petroleum Resources— An example of Huizhou sag in Zhujiangkou Basin YANG Jiao, ZHAO Xiong-hu 2009, 30 (5):  588-590.  Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (260KB) ( 179 )   Save This paper predicts the original petroleum resources in the middle-upper hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages in Huizhou west petroleum system in Zhujiangkou (Pearl River Mouth) basin in eastern South China Sea using oilfield scale sequential method. It is shown that using this method can make the resource evaluation results more objective or real by reducing the impact of human factors in such a work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics and Assessment Method of Newly Incremental Proven Reserves in Shengli Oilfield FENG Yi-na 2009, 30 (5):  591-592.  Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (160KB) ( 220 )   Save The potential assessment and the economical recoverable reserves estimation of newly incremental proven reserves can be as a guide for enhancing the reserves producing rate of domestic oil fields. This paper summarizes the development rule of new productivity blocks in Shengli oilfield and presents its correlation charts with different types of reservoirs' economic limit production rates since the Ninth Five-Year Plan. It is shown that reasonable application of the charts to the conceptual design of newly incremental proven reserves blocks can perform and complete productivity assessment and economic evaluation of the newly incremental proven reserves in a short time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pseudosteady-State Trinomial Deliverability Equation and Application of Low Permeability Gas Reservoir LI Min, XUE Guo-qing, LUO Bi-hua, YANG Wen-juan 2009, 30 (5):  593-595.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (289KB) ( 236 )   Save Low permeability gas reservoir is characterized by low porosity, low permeability, serious heterogeneity and high water saturation, etc, which result in that the threshold pressure gradient effect similar to liquid percolation is remarkable for gas percolation. The conventional binomial deliverability equation is hard used to describe the real flow feature and deliverability of gas in such a reservoir. Adding the item of threshold pressure gradient into this equation, integrated with gas well performance in ordinary production period, this paper deduces the pseudosteady-state trinomial deliverability equation considering the threshold pressure gradient and presents the formula for calculating open flow potential of gas well in low permeability reservoir, so as to offer theoretical basis for determination of its rational production. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Estimation Method for Industrial Gas Flow Rate of Condensate Gas Reservoir CAO Yan, WANG Xiu-zhi, SONG Chuan-zhen, LONG Sheng-xiang 2009, 30 (5):  596-598.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (315KB) ( 210 )   Save The Regulation of Petroleum Reserves Estimation (DZ/T 0217-2005) published by the Ministry of Land and Resources, PRC,gives the estimation value of the industrial flow rate of exploration wells with different depths in eastern China without explicitly considering the contents of condensate oil and different reservoirs permeability. This regulation is not suitable for condensate gas reservoirs as a guide. Based on the principle of balance between input and output, a estimation model for industrial gas flow rate of condensate gas reservoir is proposed. Taking condensate gas reservoirs in western China as examples, the related industrial gas flow rates are estimated by using available parameters, and the corresponding charts are plotted. This method could also be suitable for complex gas reservoirs with other components such as H 2 S, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Productivity of Low Permeability Reservoir Developed by Horizontal Well Pattern ZHAO Jing, JING Fan, WANG Hai-zhong 2009, 30 (5):  599-602.  Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (447KB) ( 274 )   Save The productivity calculation formulae for low permeability reservoir developed by vertical well integrated with horizontal well patterns including inverted 4-spot, inverted 5-spot, inverted 7-spot and inverted 9-spot patterns are theoretically deduced using hydroelectricity similarity principle and equivalent filtrational resistance method, considering starting pressure gradient, and four kinds of formulae for calculation of productivity of horizontal wells by these patterns are offered. And the factors affecting the productivities from these different patterns are analyzed in terms of penetrating proportion, reservoir thickness and starting pressure gradient. The results show that the different well patterns' productivity ratios by horizontal well process will be reduced for existence of starting pressure gradient; with the increase of penetrating proportion, the ratios will be increased; with the increase of reservoir thickness, the ratios will be decreased in view of low permeability reservoir. These conclusions can be used for design of field development program and prediction of these productivities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prediction of Recoverable Condensate Oil Reserves in Pinghu Condensate Gas Reservoir by Natural Depletion Process ZHANG Shi-ming, WAN Hai-yan, DONG Ya-juan 2009, 30 (5):  603-605.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (300KB) ( 204 )   Save Recovery factor of condensate oil in condensate gas reservoir with water developed by natural depletion is affected by many factors and hard to forecast. Considering the production performance of Pinghu gas reservoir in Pinghu field, this paper proposes four methods for prediction of its recoverable reserves, such as empirical formula method, material balance method, performance decline method and numerical simulation method. The prediction results show that these four methods are all practicable in application. In view of specific condition, one of these methods can be selected to use and/or several methods are applied for comprehensive evaluation of such a reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Model for Sulfur Particle Flow and Deposition in Porous Medium ZHANG Yong, DU Zhi-min, WANG Qiang, YOU Jian-guo 2009, 30 (5):  606-608.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (198KB) ( 348 )   Save A high sulfur gas field is generally associated with sulfur precipitation and deposition, change of gas phase composition and sulfur accumulation in pore throat to damage to the reservoir during its development, among which sulfur deposit is a main factor affecting such a gas reservoir development. Based on the analysis of the sulfur particles flow and precipitation in porous medium, this paper introduces the hydrokinetics model for description of particle flow in gas phase in the macroscopic gas-solid hydrokinetics theory, and develops the model for sulfur particle flow and deposition in porous medium. In this model many factors are considered, such as generation of sulfur particles, the suspending and flow in the gas phase as well as the precipitation and absorption in the pore surface. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Conceptual Design of Polymer Flooding in Conglomerate Reservoir of District No.7 in Karamay Oilfield CHENG Hong-jie, GU Hong-jun, LOU Ren-gui1, CHEN Li-hua, LIU Gang, WANG Yang, ZHAN Yan, ZHANG Yan-ke 2009, 30 (5):  609-612.  Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (379KB) ( 252 )   Save "The industrialization test on polymer flooding in Lower Karamay reservoir in District East 7-1 of Karamay oilfield" is one of the important oil development projects arranged by PetroChina in 2005. This paper presents the fine geological model and reservoir numerical simulator for this test area by analysis of the reservoir geology, and proposes the optimal oil displacement program. Meanwhile, the effect of program and the concentration of polymer output are forecasted in order to provide scientific basis for field operation. Based on the production performance of this test area, the polymer flooding tracking simulation is made for the purpose of timely adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the polymer, allowing them to approach the real situation and obtain the optimum effect of polymer flooding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Numerical Simulation of Stable Production of Jingbian Gas Pool in Changqing Gas Field DUAN Wei-lin, TIAN Ya-ai, CHEN Jia-qi 2009, 30 (5):  613-615.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (436KB) ( 275 )   Save This paper predicts the petrophysical property of interwell reservoir and truly reflects the heterogeneity of the reservoir using Kriging's interpolation method, based on the characteristics of Jingbian gas pool in Changqing gas field. In the geologic model, the gas productivity in this area is estimated and corrected by volumetric method, so as to support the stable production and reasonable development of Jingbian gas pool. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Production Decline Rule for Low Permeability Gas Reservoir HAO Shang-jing, WANG Yan-dong, CHEN Ming-qiang, LI Zhen4, ZHANG Liang 2009, 30 (5):  616-618.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (265KB) ( 238 )   Save Based on the basic decline rule of Arps, this paper presents a simple analysis method for decline regularity of low permeability gas reservoir. It points out that the production decline rate of gas well in such a compacted gas reservoir is not constant. The deformation of the attenuation decline equation is made, and a production prediction model is deduced with modified coefficient for better matching the production performance in terms of month rather than year in unit. The field application indicates that this method is simple, reliable and practicable for prediction of low, especially supper-low permeability gas reservoir with greater yield fluctuation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Factors Affecting the Acid Fracturing Effect on Carbonate Reservoir in Tahe Oilfield SONG Gang 2009, 30 (5):  619-620+623.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (246KB) ( 230 )   Save The acid fracturing effect is closely related to the factors affecting the acid-carbonate rock reaction in carbonate reservoir due to complex geologic factors in Tahe oilfield. It is concluded in this paper that studying factors such as reservoir temperature and acidizing fluid concentration, etc., can control the acid-carbonate rock reaction rate using effective measurements to improve the effectiveness of acid fracturing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Energy Conservation Equation for Underground Thermal Flow LI Xing-min, YIN Yin 2009, 30 (5):  621-623.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (324KB) ( 290 )   Save The unsteady thermal flow is analyzed based on energy conservation equation in which heat exchange, convection and dissipation are considered. Two concepts of formation thermal length and formation thermal effect period are introduced. The former indicates the effectiveness of heat injected; the latter means the heat affected length under one logarithmic-period reduction of formation temperature. Also, three dimensionless parameters are introduced, including convection velocity, injection rate and dimensionless time, which can be used for analyzing the underground thermal distribution and variation. One-dimension numerical calculation shows that there exists a thermal effect period under the condition of no convection; on the other hand, the convection will effectively enhance heat spreading distance and heat effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Relationship Between Well Spacing Density and Recovery Factor in Dawanqi Oilfield FAN Guang-jun, QI Da-sheng, KOU Xiang-rong 2009, 30 (5):  624-625.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (224KB) ( 208 )   Save This paper studies the relationship between the well spacing density and the connectivity of sand bodies in Dawanqi oilfield and proposes the modified Xierkaqiaove's formula. It is verified using the oilfield data that this modified formula may objectively reflect the relationship between well spacing density and recovery factor in Dawanqi oilfield. The forecasted result could be as a guide for the effective development of Dawanqi oilfield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Thermal Value Estimation of Coalbed Methane in Jincheng Area of Shanxi Province ZHENG Gui-qiang, WANG Bo, TANG Shu-heng, MA Jing-chang, LI Gui-zhong, ZHOU Ming-lin 2009, 30 (5):  626-628.  Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (182KB) ( 214 )   Save The thermal value of coalbed methane is an important index that determines it if can be transported by pipelines. This paper estimates the thermal value of coalbed methane in Jincheng area of Shanxi province, China, using compressibility factor, summation factor and mole thermal value of each component, referring to calculation method for natural gas thermal value. The results show that the high- low thermal values of coalbed methane in China can reach the standard of natural gas pipeline for transportation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Generalized S-Transform and Its Application to Reservoir Imaging by Energy Spectrum LIU Lan-feng, CAO Si-yuan, XIA Zhu, XIONG Wei 2009, 30 (5):  629-632.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (578KB) ( 185 )   Save The generalized S-transform (GST) applied to seismic data interpretation is achieved by means of replacing the basic wavelet in S-transform (ST) by the seismic wavelet extracted from seismic data. It is shown from the test of thin layer model that the thin layer greater than λ/8 can be detected by GST with the super time-frequency localization spectrum of ST. Moreover, the self-adapted time- frequency window of GST and the arbitrary input data length allow to deal with the limitations of discrete Fourier transform time window, and the reservoir imaging by energy spectrum can be realized based on the spectrum decomposition theory of Fourier transformation with good results by comparison between the two. This method has been applied to many areas such as Tarim, Junggar and Indonesia, successfully. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cross-Equalization Calibration Technique and Its Application SU Yun, LI Guo-fu, HUANG Qian 2009, 30 (5):  633-636.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (752KB) ( 205 )   Save In 4-D seismic monitoring of reservoirs, twice repeated measured data are of non-consistency because of various factors, occurring in time-delay, energy difference/variation, bandwidth variation and phase variation of signals. In order to effectively make use of 4-D seismic data, protect the variations resulted from fluid and oil-gas reservoir and remove the variations resulted from non-reservoir, the cross-equalization calibration on 4-D seismic data should be made. This article describes the theory of cross-equalization processing, presents the method for obtaining best corrector matching filters. The case study indicates that this technique can be used to well remove the undesired variations, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of this technique. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Synthesis of Oil-Displacing Agent with Dendritic Molecules and Its Evaluation ZHENG Xing-neng, YE Zhong-bin, YE Zheng-rong, GUO Yong-jun, LIU Jian-xin 2009, 30 (5):  637-640.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (335KB) ( 211 )   Save Amine terminated poly (amidoamine) dendrimer is synthesized via one-step polymerization and four kinds of quaternary ammonium salts are produced by reaction of PAMAM's terminal amine groups with alkyl halides. PAMAM and its quaternary ammonium salts are characterized by FTIR and GPC. The measurement of adsorption on core powder, the evaluation of interfacial properties (water surface tension and its effect on core wettability) and the core flow test indicate that PAMAMC12 in mid-low permeability formation and PAMAMC3/PAMAMMe in higher permeability and oleophylic formation exhibit excellent oil-displacing performances. This study offers a novel idea for the development of oil-displacing agents suitable to mid-low permeability formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Experiment on CO2 Foam Profile Control in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoir WANG Hai-tao, YI Xiang-yi, LI Xiang-fang, YIN Bang-tang 2009, 30 (5):  641-643.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (312KB) ( 210 )   Save CO2 foam profile/water plugging technique is a selective chemical method, the key point of which is the selection of foaming agent. In view of the particular reservoir with high temperature and high salinity, a comprehensive survey of critical factors affecting the foaming agent behaviors is conducted, by which the surfactant YFP-2 with good salt resistance, temperature tolerance and pH stability is selected as the main foaming agent. Also, this paper studies the sealing effect of this foaming agent on the displaced cores under the environment of analog reservoir by means of core flow test. The result shows that this CO2 foam system has stronger flow resistance holding capacity and function to change flow direction in the rock. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calculation of Irregular Polygon Area of Petroleum Reservoir with CorelDraw Software LI Shi-hong, HE Ai-dong, WAN Min, YAO Zhen-hua, PU Shi-zhao 2009, 30 (5):  644-646.  Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (274KB) ( 184 )   Save By means of knowledge of plane analytic geometry, the formula for calculation of irregular polygon area of petroleum reservoir is deduced in this paper. And the main steps for it using CorelDraw software by programming are presented, including the key source codes. This study shows that this calculation method can give high-accuracy results, greatly promoting the work efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Reservoir Geological Model and GIS to Delineation of Favorable Petroliferous Region ZHAO Rui, ZHU Yong-jin, LIU Shuang-lin, SHAN Shou-hui, ZHA Ke-jian, JIA Cheng-kai, ZHANG Yu-liang 2009, 30 (5):  647-649.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (284KB) ( 200 )   Save This paper proposes a method for integration of 3-D geologic model with Geographic Information System (GIS) software to study of distribution of favorable petroliferous region, including its basic principle, steps and applied case. Firstly, the 3-D geologic model is characterized within 2-D space followed by getting graphical layers as input attribute of GIS. Then by analysis of the space superimposition of GIS, the various geologic parameters from target zones in studied area are effectively regulated, and finally giving delineation of favorable petroliferous regions in terms of grid image fuzzy-type diagnosis or fuzzy clustering approach. The study shows that this method is of quick and visual features and also provides new way and new idea for deepening application of 3-D geologic model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Y2 Decline Curve Is Just Arps Decline Curve ZOU Cun-you, HAN Da-kuang, CHANG Yu-wen, HU Dan-dan 2009, 30 (5):  650-652.  Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (202KB) ( 171 )   Save It is theoretically proved by this paper that: (1)Y2 decline curve is only a transformation of Arps decline curve without any improvement in theory and form; (2)Y2 decline curve can still not be applied to calculate the recoverable reserves when decline index of Arps n≥1 and n<0; (3) relationships between the primary decline rate Di and decline index n of Arps formula and the parameters a and b of Y2 formula are as follows: n=1/b, a=1/nDi . The two methods are applied to Romashikino oilfield of Russia for its decline data analyses, and the results indicate the validity of theoretical analysis in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Theoretical Analysis of Dipping Water-Oil Contacts (II) LI Chuan-liang 2009, 30 (5):  653-654.  Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (163KB) ( 377 )   Save Most water-oil contacts of reservoirs are usually dipping, which is caused by the regular change of property of reservoir rock, and is not related to the current water-flow underground. Oil and gas pouring to reservoirs is also not the main cause of dipping of contacts, because the pouring rate is not high enough to dip the water-oil contact to certain content. The balancing of water-oil contacts takes quite short time, so the contacts of the most reservoirs are in equilibrium state at present, only a few reservoirs are still in adjusting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A New Sedimentary Structure — Similar Herringbone Cross-Bedding WANG Qing-chun, HE Ping, HE You-bin, LI Xiang-dong, WANG Dan, WU Xin-min, ZHENG Zhao-chang, WANG Cheng 2009, 30 (5):  655-657.  Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (268KB) ( 234 )   Save Herringbone cross-bedding is often found in coastal lake environment. It is composed of two laminas with inverse inclination. The interlayer is absent between the laminas. One kind of similar sedimentary structure was found in the second sub-group of Xiangshan group in Ningxia by the writers, in which a large scale interlayer exists between the laminas. The previous researchers believed that this set of formation is mainly formed in turbidity current setting. However, it is far from the sedimentary setting of the herringbone cross- bedding. This paper calls it similar herringbone cross-bedding. It seems that the internal wave sedimentation theory can only be used to satisfactorily explain the special sedimentary phenomena formed by traction current in deep water setting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Comparison of Two Methods for Generalized Weng Model ZHAO Lin, FENG Lian-yong, LU Xiang-an, TONG Xiao-guang 2009, 30 (5):  658-660.  Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (256KB) ( 160 )   Save To solve generalized Weng model is one of fundamental problems for petroleum production prediction. This paper traces back the origin of petroleum production prediction problem, reviews the initial linear iterative try and error method proposed firstly by Dr. Chen Yuan-qian, and presents a new method for solving this model. Taking Liaohe oilfield as an example, the solving process and results of two methods are compared, and the advantage and disadvantage of each method are analyzed. The case study shows that in the initial linear iterative try and error method, parameter b needs to be simulated with the software, selecting a judgment criteria to find the optimal value, and it is intuitive to select regression data; while in this new method, the optimal value of parameter b can be found directly by multiple regression, but it is less intuitive to select regression data. The two methods have individual advantage and disadvantage without any essential difference, which can complement each other in practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics