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01 December 2009, Volume 30 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Characteristics of Natural Gas Resources in China and Proposals for Development in Its Natural Gas Industry ZHOU Zong-ying 2009, 30 (6):  663-666.  Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (286KB) ( 276 )   Save The natural gas resources in China is quite rich, the recoverable gas resources amount occupies the important position in the world. However, the natural gas resources are in huge imbalance in regional and basinal distributions. At present, the low proved degrees of natural gas resources in China indicate its natural gas industry is in a fast-developing stage, the reserves and output are expected to increase in large scale in the near-and mid-term. In view of the characteristics and the exploration potentials of natural gas resources, the five pieces of specific suggestions concerning the development in China's natural gas industry are proposed as following: To increase scientific and technological research investment, depend upon scientific and technological progress for promoting natural gas industry development in continuing and high speed; to take the gas resources as foundation, the market outlook as chance for speeding up the natural gas exploration and exploitation steps and constructing as soon as possible three major gas production bases in the central, western and offshore areas; to develop the natural gas vigorously, raise gas production for optimizing the energy structure; to strengthen the natural gas pipe network construction and improve the pricing mechanism of natural gas; to perfect regulations and policies for oil and gas resources in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of Deep Abnormal Pressure on Reservoir Evolution in Dongpu Sag MU Xiao-shui, HE Feng, GU Qin, WU Li-zhi, WEI Fen-liang 2009, 30 (6):  667-669.  Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (232KB) ( 406 )   Save The formation and distribution of deep abnormal pressure in Dongpu sag is analyzed. The effect of the abnormal pressure on deep reservoir evolution is discussed by lab experiments of compaction, diagenesis, pressolution-cementation, breakup and plastic deformation of sandstone and mudstone, etc. It is recognized that existence of abnormal pressure is not only available for porosity and permeability preservation of deep reservoirs, but also for improvement of their petrophysical properties in physical and biochemical mechanisms. The deep reservoir in Dongpu sag is in good conditions, showing a broad prospect for exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Indicator Significance of Terphenyl in Source Rocks of Lucan-1 Well in Qaidam Basin ZHANG Ming-feng, TUO Jin-cai, MENG Qian-xiang, LI Zhong-ping, SANG Yan-yuan 2009, 30 (6):  670-673.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (457KB) ( 143 )   Save The five extractive samples from different depths of source rocks of Tertiary brackish-semi brackish lacustrine deposit of Lucan-1 Well in Wunan-Lucaotan area in southwestern Qaidam basin are analyzed using chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The terphenyl series (TrP) of aromatic hydrocarbons in it is detected, including o-TrP, m-TrP and p-TrP. The isomeric composition of the TrP is found to have some relations to the thermal maturity of its organic matter. In the low-maturity samples the abundance of o-TrP is higher; with the maturity increasing, the relative abundances of m-TrP and p-TrP are also increased. The thermally stable order is then proposed as follows: m-TrP>p-TrP>o-TrP. It is also indicated that the ITrP is positively correlated with R o and m(C29αα-20S/m[C29αα-20(S+R)]. It is concluded that the ITrP parameter can be used to classify the maturity of source rocks to some extent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Oil-Gas Source and Accumulation Characteristics of Paleogene in Bonan Sub-Sag in Shengli Oil Field GUO Rui-chao, LI Yan-jun, WANG Ting-dong, SONG Guo-qi, LI Wen-tao, YIN Chang-he, LIU Chen 2009, 30 (6):  674-676.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (369KB) ( 254 )   Save The distribution and characteristic of oil and gas in Bonan sub-sag in Shengli oil field are described. The oil-gas source is determined through the biomarker features of biomarkers, and the process of the oil-gas accumulation is analyzed. The research indicates that the oil-gas evolution stages between the step-fault zone and the deep zone in Bonan sub-sag are different, due to different buried depths of source rocks. The oil and gas in the 3rd and 4th members of the Shahejie formation in this sub-sag are of nature with both source and reservoir. In the step-fault zone oil-gas is accumulated in one phase, with low maturity; in the deep zone there exist two processes of petroleum accumulation, but mainly trapping the gas generated at wet gas period, with high dry coefficient and stepped trapping features. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Transgressive Reef of Permian Changxing Formation in Northeastern Sichuan Basin ZENG De-ming, WANG Xing-zhi, WU Hui, ZHANG Fan, WANG Yi-gang 2009, 30 (6):  677-679.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (254KB) ( 205 )   Save The Changxing formation of Late Permian in northeastern Sichuan basin is in the carbonate platform-basin (trough) sedimentary environment where many boundary reefs and point reefs occur in the edge and local upland in the platform. These reefs can be divided into the type of transgressive remedy and the type of transgressive advance side by side in terms of the rising speed of sea level and the growth rate of the reefs. Their lithologic association, storage and distribution are studied. The latter belongs to lithologic association to be shallower upward with water and reconstructed intensely by dolomitization and dissolution, with developed dolomite and secondary porosity as well as preferable reservoir quality, mainly distributed in the Middle-Upper Changxing formation nearby the Kaijiang- Liangping area, being the most favorable exploration target. The former is darken upward and composed of lime, with low porosity and poor reservoir quality, mainly distributed in the Middle-Lower Changxing formation nearby Chengkou-Exi area, being as the probable exploration target in its fractured area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Classification of Complex Minor Fault Block Reservoirs in Jiangsu Oil Field LIU Rui, JIANG Han-qiao, CHEN Min-feng, LIU Tong-jing 2009, 30 (6):  680-682.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (145KB) ( 262 )   Save Jiangsu oil field is characterized by reservoirs with several complex minor fault blocks. The arrangement of well patterns for development them is controlled by their configurations in plane distribution, which decide reserves quality in a certain extent. However, they have not been considered completely in current researches of reserves classification. The paper presents a comprehensive reservoir classification method that considers such development and geologic factors as reservoir physical property, distribution, fluid property and reservoir shape, using complexity scientific study and weight assessment. Among them the reservoir plane distribution as an important factor is considered into such a reservoir classification and evaluation in the first place. The results indicate that this factor is of an active effect on the reservoir classification and taken as a guidance for in-depth development of the complex minor fault block reservoirs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Relations Between Paleozoic Main Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Tazhong Katake Uplift LIU Yun, ZHAO Xi-kui, LI kun, SU Yong-hui, HE Yong-yao, WANG Yuan-ting 2009, 30 (6):  683-685.  Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (363KB) ( 292 )   Save The Katake uplift in Tarim basin has undergone multistage tectonic movements. Three basal unconformities of the Middle Ordovician ($T^{4}_{7}$), the Silurian ($T^{0}_{7}$) and the Upper Devonian ($T^{0}_{6}$) occur in the Paleozoic. The oil-gas distributions in them are controlled by changes of combination configuration, distribution characteristics and denudation tendency. Large scale and long distance hydrocarbon migration appears from low part to high part along these unconformities or along faults when meeting them. The intensity of hydrocarbon accumulation increases with the overriding degree of the unconformities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Provenance of Hetaoyuan Formation with Zirconite Cathodeluminescence and U-P Dating Data GUO Qiao-zhen, YANG Xiang-hua, ZHAN Ye-ping, YAN Yong-xin, ZHANG Fan 2009, 30 (6):  686-688.  Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (421KB) ( 235 )   Save In this paper, the zirconite cathodeluminescence and dating data are used to analyze the provenance of Hetaoyuan formation in Wuyang sag. It is firstly confirmed that the provenances of He-2 sections in Well Wucan-3 and Well Wu-8 are all from the southern margin of the sag. Namely, the sand bodies of braided river delta in the southern slope of Wuyang sag in the period of Hetaoyuan formation moved far toward the inner sag and those near the northern steep slope distributed along the boundary fault. This discovery plays a key role in petroleum exploration and deployment of Wuyang sag in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Genesis Analysis of Biogas of Neogene-Quaternary in Hetao Basin KONG Qing-fen, LI Jian-feng, LI Min-cai, WU Kai 2009, 30 (6):  689-692.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (312KB) ( 270 )   Save Starting with the six aspects such as formation temperature, formation water salinity, depositional rate, organic matter abundance and type, microbial population and shallow inhibition effect, this paper analyzes in detail each factor influencing the microbial activity, the growth and reproduction of methane bacteria and the generation of biogas of the Neogene-Quaternary in Hetao basin. It is revealed that the favorable layer of biogas source rock development lies to the upper and middle sections of the Pleistocene in Hetao basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Lacustrine Storm Deposit of Lower Youshashan Formation (N2xy) in Wunan Oil Field in Qaidam Basin CUI Jun, CHEN Deng-qian, ZHENG Yong-xian, ZHU Ye-qian, ZHOU Li 2009, 30 (6):  693-695.  Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (456KB) ( 367 )   Save The results from core observation and thin-section analysis show that the lacustrine storm sedimentary structures are rich in Wunan oil field in Qaidam basin, such as scour surface, gutter cast, runoff structure, biological escape trace, etc. This paper presents the storm sedimentary sequence of N2xy in this area. The finding of tempestite offers new targets for exploring the lithological oil-gas reservoirs in Qaidam basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Provenance and Sedimentary System of Lower Youshashan Formation in Hongsanhanyihao-Niubiziliang Area in Western Qaidam Basin YI Ding-hong, PEI Ming-li, ZHANG Ju-mei, ZHANG Li-ping, WU Wu-jun, ZHAO Fan 2009, 30 (6):  696-698.  Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (304KB) ( 368 )   Save People commonly considered that in Hongsanhanyihao-Niubiziliang area in piedmont of Altun mountain in western Qaidam basin there is alone alluvial fan-braided river delta-lake depositional system formed by Niubiziliang sedimentary provenance flowing towards the southwest in period of the Lower Youshashan formation (N2xy). It is hard to explain the following facts by this point of view: 1) a set of gray conglomerate of N2xy in thickness of about 650 m lies to the outcrop of south side of Hongsanhanyihao structure; 2) it is confirmed from 2-D seismic lines of QY0680 and CDM1150 that a denudation zone about 190 km2 in trend of NW in the unconformity and its surroundings, which separates Hongsanhanyihao system from Niubiziliang system; 3) Niubiziliang system is an old nose-like structure extending to the southeast of Altun mountain and plays a barrier part in the source materials in north of Niubiziliang area flowing or moving towards the southwest. This paper presents the fan delta-offshore/shallow lake beach/bar system developed in this studied area, which is controlled by Hongsanhanyihao provenance, the west valley of Niubiziliang provenance and the source material in north of Well Niucan-1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Origin and Distribution of Dolomite Reservoir of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Wuerhe Area, Junggar Basin GUO Jian-gang, ZHAO Xiao-li, LIU Wei, HUNAG Li-liang, LU Yang, LI Hui, FANG Lin-hao 2009, 30 (6):  699-701.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (325KB) ( 379 )   Save This paper analyzes the origin and distribution of dolomite reservoir of Permian Fengcheng formation in Wuerhe area in Junggar basin, and proposes that the distribution of dolomite reservior is controlled by sedimentary facies. The occurrence of dolomite in fan delta is obviously restricted, and its main distribution area is the lake-bay area among the front fans of the fan delta. The dolomite is generally formed in environment of slightly salty shallow lake with still water, where the terrigenous mud sediments are changed by strong dolomitization with varied Mg2+ content during their diagenetic process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recovery of Original Rocks in Metamorphic Reservoirs of Paleo-Buried Hills in Liaohe Depression WANG Bai-qi 2009, 30 (6):  702-704.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (411KB) ( 239 )   Save The regional metamorphic rocks in paleo-buried hills in Liaohe depression are composed of granule rocks, gneiss and amphibolites. The lithogeochemical methods are used to analyze the original rocks of them. The results are supported with each other by the geometric points, which indicate the relations between diverse lithologies and their original rocks in different areas. The study shows that the amphibolites in central buried hills in Damintun sag are of feature of distinct volcanic rock, the granule rocks belongs to depositional origin, and the original rock of gneiss in Xingma buried hills is sedimentary rock. The recovery of original rocks offers solid support for in-depth research of the buried hill reservoirs in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Method for Evaluation of EOR of Waterflooding Oilfield by Infill Well Process CHEN Yuan-qian, WANG Xiao-lin, YAO Shang-lin, ZOU Cun-you 2009, 30 (6):  705-709.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (474KB) ( 263 )   Save Xin4-6 region in Daqing oilfield has undergone three infill development processes since 1967. The production performance data from these infill processes are analyzed followed by proposing a practical method for evaluation of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from infill wells. The technical EOR from them is 40.1%, 53.0% and 57.8%, respectively. In microscopic and macroscopic aspects, the original formula of Selkachev's network density method is deduced. Using the data from five oilfields in Daqing (Xin4-6 region), Romashikino, Dumaz, Bovilin and East-Texas, a new relative empirical formula for determination of EOR of waterflooding oilfield and well-controlled area is established. The mobility and well-controlled area in Xin4-6 region are substituted into this formula, the primary infilled recovery efficiency equals to 38.7%, which is close to that given by production decline method (40.1%), showing the reliability or practicability of the relative empirical formula. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Status and Prospect of Volcanic Gas Field Development in Junggar Basin TANG Fu-ping, LIU hai, SHI Xin-pu, YAN Ze-jiang, SONG Yuan-lin, ZHANG You-xing, ZHANG You-yin, LI zhi 2009, 30 (6):  710-713.  Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (296KB) ( 224 )   Save As one of the four middle scale natural gas abundant areas in China, Junggar basin is rich in natural gas distributed in several layer series from the Carboniferous to the Neogene, among which the volcanic gas fields (reservoirs) lie to the Permian in its northwestern margin and the Carboniferous in the hinterland. The volcanic gas exploration in Junggar basin began earlier, but no bigger breakthrough had been made until 2004 it entered into the fast developing stage, because of the restriction of the natural gas development conditions and the influence of market demand at that time. This paper analyzes the favorable conditions and restricted factors in process of gas production, integrated with the status of exploration and development of natural gas and the gas resources of volcanic reservoirs, in view of the characteristics of the complex types of the exploited gas reservoirs, the small scale, the poor abundance, the distinct heterogeneity and the lack of the matching technology, by which it proposes the targets and the working plan for gas development in Junggar basin in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Calculating Oil Saturation of In-Situ Combustion by Thermogravimetric Analysis MA De-sheng, GUAN Wen-long, ZHANG Xia-lin, LI Chun-tao, HAN Jing 2009, 30 (6):  714-716.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (349KB) ( 246 )   Save By the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of water-bearing heavy oil and water free heavy oil, a method for calculating oil saturation and water saturation is presented using TGA curves of mixed samples with micro oil, water and sand. The calculating formula is derived and the trans-error is analyzed. The result shows that the accuracy of this method can reach three significant figures. The method is applied to the 3-D in-situ combustion physical model experiment followed by obtaining oil saturation values at different positions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Unitization of Various Flow Patterns LV Ai-min, YAO Jun, GUO Zi-qiang 2009, 30 (6):  717-719.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (175KB) ( 179 )   Save In study of different types of reservoirs tend to adopting various and independent oil/gas flow patterns, so it is difficult to get a uniform physical explanation. Based on the capillary model, this paper presents the uniform percolation rate expressions for ordinary reservoir, low permeability-heavy oil reservoir and low permeability gas reservoir existing slippage effect by simplification of N-S equation and a series of deductions. The study shows that these three typical flow patterns have similar physical model and basic mathematical equation, and the difference in specific expression is decided by different boundary conditions. Reynolds number is the key factor for deciding the flow patterns and demonstrates the uniformity of these three typical flow patterns. In addition, this paper derives the continuous function form of kinematic equation for low permeability-heavy oil reservoir, thus changing the piecewise expression of generalized Darcy's law, making up the defects that generalized Darcy's law can not describe intermediate flow period and magnifies the threshold pressure gradient. This study is of high theoretical value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Analysis of Production-Decline Type Curve HU Jian-guo 2009, 30 (6):  720-721.  Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (185KB) ( 577 )   Save In the production decline curve analysis, there have been two unresolved problems, namely how to determine the effectiveness of such data and the uniqueness of the results. This paper presents the relation between Qt and t established with Arps hyperbolic decline equation, by which the problems can be solved. Case study shows that this method is feasible and effective. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on Sensitivity of Upper Wuerhe Reservoir in East District-5 in Karamay Field WU Yun-qiang, JIA Guo-lan, LV Dao-ping, KOU Gen, LENG Yan, LI Zhen, SHAN Shou-hui 2009, 30 (6):  722-724.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (232KB) ( 230 )   Save The $P_{2}w^{2}_{3}$ sand layer of Upper Wuerhe reservoir in East District No.5 in Karamay field is the major oil reservoir with serious vertical heterogeneity and composed of 3 sets of clastic reservoirs. Because of the influences of reservoir lithology and cementation, it is hard to take shaped cores from the coring section in the major reservoir, and lacks the lab-analysis data of their dynamic sensitivities. In this paper, the sensitivity characteristics of glutenite sections with different cementation types and degrees are analyzed using several kinds of physical models, including the sensitivity-damage mechanism analysis from many aspects such as type, occurrence and relative content of clay minerals as well as development features of pore throat in these reservoirs. This study provides relevant theoretical basis for modification of field development plans and measures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pilot Test of Close Spacing Development in Lower Wuerhe Reservoir of District No.8 of Karamay Field QIN Jian-hua, DING Yi, YANG Xu, CHI Jian-ping, PAN Qian-ying, LU Pei-yi, LIN Ge 2009, 30 (6):  725-727.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (277KB) ( 223 )   Save Lower Wuerhe reservoir of District No.8 in Karamay oil field is a thick massive ultra-low permeability conglomerate reservoir, and was developed by waterflooding process with inverted nine-spot pattern and well spacing of 275 m in one series of strata in early stage. But it featured such poor development effects as the low efficiency of response for producers, low pressure maintenance degree and low oil production rate. The low permeability reservoir and larger producer-injector well spacing should be the main reasons for it was hard to establish effective waterflood response. This paper presents the close spacing pilot test that is to establish effective waterflood system by subdividing the layer series of development, decreasing the well spacing and changing the well patterns. The layer series of development is subdivided into three layers and recompleted layer by layer. The WU-4 unit is the first layer to be tested. The inverted nine-spot well pattern is infilled from 275 m×388 m to 138 m×195 m in the first stage and then converted into five-spot pattern to take a waterflood along parallel fractures, while controlling the injection flow rate by strategy of water drive weak at the spot and intensive in the area. Three- year test has shown that the production indices are all better than the original ones before, and it is expected that the recovery factor will be increased by 8.5% by this test. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Variation of Reserve-Production Ratio for Different Types of Oil Reservoirs LI Chun-lan, ZHANG Guang-jie, ZHANG Xiong-jun 2009, 30 (6):  728-730.  Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (268KB) ( 219 )   Save Reserve-production ratio is an important index for proration. This paper presents the classification and regression of the production performance data from more than 100 oil fields in China, provides the mathematical models for the variations of reserve-production ratios of low permeability reservoirs, water drive sandstone reservoirs and heavy oil reservoirs. The results are of high reliability and practicability, which offer solid bases for determination of reserve-production ratios in different development stages in same type of reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Factors Affecting the Conductivity of Kelameili Gas Field LIAO Wei, SHI Xin-pu, YAN Ze-jiang, LI Chen, ZHANG You-xing, DU Chang-chun, HU Wan-qing, LIU Jin-xiang 2009, 30 (6):  731-733.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (245KB) ( 213 )   Save Kelameili gas field is composed of four gas reservoirs such as Dixi-17, Dixi-14, Dixi-18 and Dixi-10, among which the last three gas reservoirs except Dixi-17 have been put into production currently. The preliminary development indicates that there exist distinct differences not only in development effectiveness of different blocks, but also in well productivity among different wells in the same block.. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the well productivity based on geology of the gas reservoir, which include the geologic factor and the engineering factor. It is concluded that the igneous rock scale, storage space type, lithofacies and lithology are the main factors affecting the productivity of gas wells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Theoretical Model for Waterflooding Development of Multi-Zone Reservoir ZHANG Shun-kang, LIU Bing-guan, ZHONG Si-ying, JIANG Han-qiao 2009, 30 (6):  734-737.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (338KB) ( 259 )   Save This paper presents the theoretical model for waterflood development of multi-zone reservoir based on Buckley-Leverett theory, the case study and the comparison between the real result and the numerical simulation result. The result shows that this model is simple, quick and accurate for calculation, in addition, can be used to study the vertical sweep efficiency, overcoming the defect of traditional methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Pressure Behavior of Well in Double-Porosity Reservoir with Finite Conductivity Vertical Fractures CAI Ming-jin, JIA Yong-lu, CAI Sheng-quan, ZHAO Bin, FANG Jun 2009, 30 (6):  738-741.  Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (390KB) ( 229 )   Save The well with finite conductivity vertical fractures would be formed after fracturing in double-porosity reservoir. Based on the Warren-Root model, the mathematical model for well with finite conductivity vertical fractures in double-porosity reservoir is developed using mass conservation law and elliptical flow method. The equation for bottom-hole pressure of vertical fractured well is obtained using Laplace transform, and the main affecting factors to the bottom-hole pressure behavior are analyzed. The results indicates that wellbore storage factor, skin factor and fracture conductivity are the most obvious affecting factors to it, and the time of interporosity flow from matrix to natural fracture is affected strikingly by wellbore storage factor. Also, the buildup test result from a vertical fractured well in carbonate reservoir is explained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanism of Development of Deep Heavy Oil Reservoir by Gas Huff and Puff Process in Lukeqing Field, Tuha Basin ZHANG Zhi-dong, ZHAO Jian 2009, 30 (6):  742-744.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (268KB) ( 267 )   Save Lukeqing heavy oil reservoir is characterized by deep, thick and poor physical properties, difficult to exploit it using existing techniques for heavy oil thermal recovery. This paper presents the process of natural gas stimulation (huff and puff) to do it, which depends on the experiment of physical modeling. It is recognized that the key mechanism of this process is that there exists pseudo- bubble point after gas injection, forming foaming oil for disperse visbreaking besides conventional dissolution viscosity break. In the process of natural gas huff and puff, from the bottom hole of gas injection well to the distal formation, the formation zone will be divided into oversaturation section, saturation section and undersaturation one. Based on these, the field test is made and good effect is gained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Production Test Characteristic of Volcanic Reservoir in Kelameili Gas Field WANG Ru-yan, SHI Xin-pu, YAN Ze-jiang, HOU Xiang-yang, SONG Yuan-lin, PAN Qian-ying, ZHANG You-xing, LIU Jin-xiang 2009, 30 (6):  745-747.  Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (216KB) ( 256 )   Save Kelameili gas field is the first volcanic giant gas field with OGIP over hundred billion cubic meters found in Junggar basin. This paper presents the well test data analysis, open flow potential estimation and its influencing factor study, reasonable production determination of single well and summary of production performance characteristics, discussing the well test and production test characteristics of this volcanic gas reservoir, which provide basis for rolling development of this area and stable yield of the gas reservoir. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Performance of Pore-Throat Scale Microsphere As Profile Control Agent in Conditions of High Temperature and High Salinity LU Guang-liang, WANG Jian, LU Dao-su, FAN Wei, KANG Bo, LIU Chang-long 2009, 30 (6):  748-750.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (278KB) ( 265 )   Save The microscopic feature and the expansion multiplying factor of new pore-throat scale microsphere As Profile Control Agent are measured using XL30 Scanning Electron Microscope and new expansion multiplying factor evaluation method. The effects of temperature, salinity and swelling time on expansion performance of microsphere are analyzed. The results show that the expansion multiplying factor of microspher's grain diameter gradually increases with the temperature and the swelling time increasing, decreases with the salinity increasing, and ultimately being stable. In Gasi reservoir, this expansion multiplying factor is 3.93 after the microsphere expanded for 15 days under the circumstances of formation water (17 4501 mg/L) and temperature (126℃), showing good temperature resistance, salinity resistance and stability. The performance of migration and plugging of the microsphere As Profile Control Agent is studied by the long core test, showing that it has good injectivity and plugging capacity. The core displacement test indicates that the EOR given by such a new microsphere approach is up to 11.80%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Empirical Study and Application of Linear Water-Drive Characteristic Equation LI Fa-yin 2009, 30 (6):  751-753+757.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (472KB) ( 154 )   Save The basis of the application of water-drive characteristic equation is the empirical research. This method shows the better linear relationship to the whole historical data. The forecasted semi-logarithmic water-drive characteristic curve is in accordance with the result of numerical simulation. By means of this method, the status and characteristics of an oil field development could be better described. This paper presents an optimum to the current linear water-drive characteristic equations and puts forward a method for forecasting the incremental trend of recoverable reserves with envelope-tangent approach. The case study shows that this method is reliable for evaluating the effect of stimulation in a waterflood oil field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Geostatistical Inversion to Prediction of Thin Sand Body of Karamay Formation in Bai-34Well Area in Baikouquan Oil Field SHANG Jian-lin, LI Tai-hui, HUO Xin-yong, WANG Lin-sheng, YANG Jian-jun 2009, 30 (6):  758-760.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (263KB) ( 257 )   Save This paper investigates prediction of thin sand body reservoirs using geostatistical inversion method in early stage of development, taking Karamay formation sand body of Bai-34 well area in Baikouquan oil field in the northwestern margin of Junggar basin as an example, and the good result of applied forecasting is obtained. This new method integrated with conventional inversion methods can improve the vertical resolution and achieve the inversion of all kinds of logging parameters, describe the reservoir with multi- parameters, reduce the risk for the prediction of reservoir with single parameter, providing a new way for forecast of continental thin sand- shale interbedding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Experiment of Wax Precipitation from Oil-Gas Condensate System in Porous Media YAN Liang-dong, ZHU Wei-yao, SONG Hong-qing 2009, 30 (6):  761-763.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (371KB) ( 206 )   Save The mechanism of wax precipitation from oil-gas condensate system in porous media is researched by realistic model experiment with high temperature and pressure. It is shown that there are different characteristics of wax precipitation in the processes of isobaric cooling and isothermal decompression, respectively. A thermodynamic mathematic model was presented to simulate three-phase equilibrium of gas, liquid and solid based on theory of phase equilibrium and principle of interfacial chemistry. The case study using this thermodynamic mathematic model is in accordance with the lab findings, by which the reason for different characteristics of wax precipitation in the processes of isobaric cooling and isothermal decompression can be explained rationally. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Target-Oriented Wave Field Continuation Method for Illumination Analysis SHOU Hao, SUN Lu-ping, LIU Hong-wei, SHOU Xiao-jie 2009, 30 (6):  764-766.  Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (340KB) ( 179 )   Save The seismometer pattern layout design with illumination analysis can avoid the errors from hypothesis of homogeneous media in its conventional system design. The approximated analysis of one-way wave method in forward algorithm of wave equation is conducted, and a quick wave-field continuation algorithm for 3-D complex media and target-oriented area is proposed to directly make an analysis of target area without bed-by-bed continuation from the surface. The precision of this method is similar to the conventional one-way wave method. The verification of 3-D model indicates that this method is feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

New Method for Making Cast Thin Section of Smectite Sandstone ZHANG Li-xia 2009, 30 (6):  767-780.  Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (112KB) ( 286 )   Save The conventional methods of coring, wash oil and dry sample for making cast thin section from clay sandstone enriched with smectite tend to shape artificial fractures, hence should not reflect the real porosity in it. This paper presents a new method for making such a cast thin section that can be of fidelity by avoiding the artificial porosity and fractures of such a sample due to dehydration and shrinkage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Rock Pore Structural Characteristic by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance WANG Sheng 2009, 30 (6):  768-770.  Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (320KB) ( 498 )   Save The t2 distribution of rock nuclear magnetic resonance can well reflect the feature of rock pore structure. But by transfer relation between the t2 distribution and the mercury injection curve, it is hard to get the unified coefficient value, leading to big errors in application. This paper presents the standard physical model based on the relaxation mechanism of rock nuclear magnetic resonance, determines the transfer coefficient between t2 and pore radius and develop the mathematical transform model between them through image and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. This model provides a new method for rock pore character analysis, by which good applied results are gained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Discussion of Hydrocarbon Genesis by Theory of Organic Matter Dissipation ZHOU Yan-ru 2009, 30 (6):  771-777.  Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (725KB) ( 254 )   Save The concept of negentropy is introduced into domain of hydrocarbon generation from organic matter. A new mechanism of hydrocarbon generation from organic matter is presented based on dissipation composition theory and microscopic physics. That is, a new hydrocarbon with ordered structure will be formed in self- organizationally by the dissipative organic matters when the negentropy is imported in the complex system of nonlinearity and imbalance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Considerations for Scale Development of Super-Heavy Oil Resources in Fengcheng Area in Karamay Field ZHAO Wu-sheng, LUO Dong-kun, ZHANG Jun 2009, 30 (6):  778-780.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (172KB) ( 297 )   Save There exist problems in highly effective utilization of heat energy, technology and economy as well as environmental protection during scale development of super-heavy oil reservoir. In view of the geological feature of super-heavy oil reservoir in Fengcheng area in Karamay field, this paper presents the considerations for further scale development of this reservoir, namely, the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process should be adopted in technical strategy, integrated with measures such as coal instead of gas, thermoelectricity cogeneration, composite utilization of surplus heat of output fluid, reutilization of processed oily sewage, boiler/generator flue gas recharge into reservoir and environmental protection, etc., in order to effectively develop the super-heavy oil reservoir in Fengcheng area.. References | Related Articles | Metrics