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01 June 1997, Volume 18 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION

UNDERSTANDING OF 1990S ONSHORE PETROLEUM EXPL ORATION STATUS IN CHINA AND ITS SUGGESTIONS ON PROSPECTING DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN Zhang Wenzhao 1997, 18 (2):  101-103.  Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (337KB) ( 189 )   Save Since the period of the Eighth Five Year Plan, important breakthrough has been made for petroleum exploration in western China. A number of high-yield large and medium-sized oil and gas fields were discovered in basins such as Junggar. Tarim, Turpan-Hami and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia etc, so were done around seabeach area of Bohai bay. These achievements benifit by proper implementation of the strategies in China’s petroleum industry “ to maintain the production in the east and develop the resource in the west" as well as devoting major efforts to developing new and advanced technologies on petroleum exploration. In order to keep these situations continuously, it is necessary to strengthen exploration in the western areas during the period of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, along with making new prospecting in the eastern area, developing new and advanced exploration techniques, increasing exploratory investment of the west to reach 30% of the total amount in China’s petroleum industry, and intensifying and improving management structures in petroleum exploration. Related Articles | Metrics

EXPLORATION POTENTIAL OF COALBED METHANE IN JUNGGAR BASIN Li Xibin 1997, 18 (2):  105-107.  Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (277KB) ( 161 )   Save Xinjiang possesses the abundant coal resource, with up to 5 412×108t at depth lower than 2 000 m. Junggar, Tarim and Turpan-Hami basins are the main coal mining area and coal-bed methane productive area, in which Mid-Lower Jurassic coal-seam is major source rock foming hydrocarbon. The first row of structure in south margin of Junggar basin, nearby Urumqi area, and Zhun-dong area with well-developed coal-bed are favourable areas to find coal-bed methane. In the extenal of piedmont depressional zone in the south margin, themocracking gas and secondary gas reservoirs re sulted from coal-bed gas upward migrating should be considered as the main objective of exploration because of deeper buried depth of coal-seam. References | Related Articles | Metrics

THE SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF REMOTE SENSED DATA IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY IN SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF TARIM BASIN Fu Bihong, Chou Xiaowei, Deng Yunshan, Zhang Zhongning 1997, 18 (2):  108-113.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (453KB) ( 212 )   Save Based on the synthetic analysis and evaluation of remote sensing data in petroleum geology in southeastern margin of Tarim basin, it is suggested that the study area has undergone three evolutional stages- Paleozoic platform, Mesozoic foreland basin and Cenozoic depressional basin. There are well-developed source-reservoir-cap assemblage and favourable oil-gas migration and accumulation condition. Five circular structures interpreted from Landsat MSS images are favourable prospecting play. References | Related Articles | Metrics

HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL EVALUATION IN HOXTOLGAY BASIN, XINJIANG Zhao Yongde, Li Ce, Ao Lin, Wu Xiaozhi, Wang Xulong 1997, 18 (2):  114-118.  Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (477KB) ( 218 )   Save Hoxtolgay basin is a Mesozoic Cenozoic intermontane fault-depression basin undergoing multiple tectonic events after Hercynian orogeny. It can be divided into four structural units: Baiyanghe depression, Fengtai uplift, Kangteneng depression and north fault-fold zone. The multi cycle strata above the Upper Triassic are deposited, with the thickness of up to 5 000 m. Mid-I ower Jurassic coal-seam as major source rock began to generate a large amount of hydrocarbon at the end of the Cretaceous at the depth of 2 100 m, and accumulated within the sequence. Therefore the traps formed in the mid-later period of Yanshan orogeny are expected to best facilitate hydrocarbon accumulation. Baiyanghe depression should be considered as the most attractive objective of exploration in Hoxtolgay basin because of its better hydrocarbon generation potential. References | Related Articles | Metrics

GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING

LABORATORY SIMULATION TEST AND AVO CARBONHYDROGEN DETECTION OF ELASTIC PARAMETERS IN ROCKS Huang Kai, Yang Xiaohai, Xu Qunzhou, Lai Zhongkang, Zhang Lufei 1997, 18 (2):  119-125.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (435KB) ( 196 )   Save Forward modeling with Zoeppritz equation and AVO hydrocarbon detection require the accurate reservoir properties. However, it is unlikely to obtain them with high accuracy outdoors. Laboratory simulation test in cores can solve this problem. In this study the elastic parameters are measured in the drilling ores from the pilot area under simulated subsurface temperature and pressure, and then used to carry out forward modeling with Zoepprit equation to test the hydrocarbon indication of reservoir and to conduct special AVO processing. It can be used as a supplementary tool for hydrocarbon detection seismic data. References | Related Articles | Metrics

VOLCANIC RESERVOIR DESCRIPTION WTTH LOG DATA IN SHXI OILFIELD, JUNGGAR BASIN Dai Shihua, Jiang Shuyun, Wang Jun 1997, 18 (2):  125-129.  Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (358KB) ( 240 )   Save New log techniques and methods are used for the lithology identification, determination of reservoir parameter, classification of pore type, and delineation of fracture occurrences of volcanic reservoirs in Shixi oilfield. Based on data from two wells, the probable reserves was estimated. The results show good economics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY

MECHANISM OF PRIMARY MIGRATION OF COAL-FORMED OIL N THE JURASSIC OF SANTANGHU BASIN, XINJIANG: DISCUSSION Huo Yongzhong, Zhong Ningning 1997, 18 (2):  130-134.  Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (449KB) ( 199 )   Save Based on the analysis of physical properties of Jurassic coal and their evolution regularity in Santanghu basin, Xinjiang, combined with the study on onganic petrology and organic geochemistry of coal-formed oil, this paper considered that the amount of oil generation in the coal is higher than its pore storge capacity at Ro = 0.65% ~ 0. 85%, which requires the forced primary migration of coal-formed oil. The high-pressure of fluid in the coalbed, induced by plastic compaction, resulted in the pore connectivity and microfracture along which coal-formed oil migrated in successive bituminous network. There is the possibility of early generation and early expulsion because of Jurassic coal at early maturity level. The coal-formed oil is characterized by heavy end components, high wax content and high viscosity which is determined by Kerogen, maturity and expulsion mechanism in the coal-bearing Jurassic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY FRAMEWORK AND ENVIRONMENT OF TURPAN-HAMI BASIN Li Wenhou, Zhou Lifa, Liu Yiqun, Liang Shijun, Long Daojiang 1997, 18 (2):  135-140.  Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (566KB) ( 266 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

EARLY PERMIAN SPOROPOLLEN ASSEMBLAGE AND THEIR FLORA PROVINCE IN SOUTHERN TARIM BASIN Zhu Huaicheng 1997, 18 (2):  142-146.  Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (952KB) ( 202 )   Save The Early Permian sporopollen flora in southern Tarim basin could be divided into two assemblages, i.e. Striolatospora-Qipanapollis (SQ) assemblage (early period of Early Permian) and Potonieisporites - Vesligisporites (PV) assemblage (middle period of Early Permian). The analysis of characteristics of sporopollen flora showed that the sporopollen flora in the early-middle period of Early Jusssic belong to Euramerican flora rather than the previously recognized Cathaysian flora. The so-called “mixed living” of Euramerican, Angaran, Cathaysian and Gondwanan flora is beyond the truth. This is also supported by the palaeogeographic location at that time in Tarim massif. References | Related Articles | Metrics

RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

COMBINED SOLUTION FOR DEVELOPMENT INDEX AND RECOVERABLE RESERVES OF WATER FLOOD OILFTELD Chen Yuanqian, Li Congrui 1997, 18 (2):  147-152.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (340KB) ( 195 )   Save By combining “A” type water displacement curve and Weibull prediction model, this paper provided a combined solution for development index and recoverable reserves of water flood oilfield. This method overcomes the respective limitations of both methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

STUDY ON WATER DISPLACEMENT CURVE-The 3rd in Series Yu Qitai 1997, 18 (2):  153-160.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (426KB) ( 189 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

APPLICATON OF ORTHOGONAL PROCESS AND TERTIARY DESIGN IN THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE ALKA-LINE-SURFACTANT-POLYMER(ASP) PROCESS Gu Hongjun, Han Wei, Pan Qianying, Wu Xiaoxia 1997, 18 (2):  161-163.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (300KB) ( 139 )   Save Numerical simulation of ASP process has so many input parameters and restraints. In the case study over the Lower Karamay reservoir in the middle District No.2, Karamay oilfield, the orthogonal process and tertiary design applied for the first time to furthur verify the laboratory study results and to examine the pilot plan. The results indicated by using the ASP process oil recovery can increase by more than 18%. The evidence supports its practical applicability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SECONDARY RECOVERY BY AIR INJECTION IN SHIXI OILFIELD, JUNGGAR BASIN Guan Misheng 1997, 18 (2):  165-169.  Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (413KB) ( 191 )   Save With respect to the geologic features in Shixi oilfield the secondary recovery process by air injection is recommended. It has the following production mechanism: the oxidization reaction between the oxygen (21%) in the air and resin and asphaltane present in the oil produces the flue gas (85% N2 and 15% CO2) which forms the flue gas cap on the structural high due to the gravity differentiation. Therefore, for the high-temperature high-pressure light oil reservoirs, air injection is in essence an indirect flue gas flooding process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

RESERVOIR STUDY

GENETIC MECHANISM AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF LOW-PERMEABILITY SANDSTONE RESERVOIR IN THE COALBEARING FORMATION, SANTANGHU BASIN, XINJIANG Xiong Qihua, Wu Shenghe 1997, 18 (2):  170-174.  Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (484KB) ( 200 )   Save Jurassic coal-bearing formation scatters over the northwestern China. The low- permeability sandstone reservoir occurs as the main reservoir type. This paper analyses the genetic mechanism and reservoir property of the low permeability sandstone reservoir in the coal-bearing strata of Xishanyao formation(Lower Jurassic),Santanghu basin, Xinjiang and summarizes the regular distribution of favorable entrapment zones. The results indicate that the sands in the coal-bearing strata initially have better reservoir quality, but the severe compaction and kaolinite cementation result in the reduction of porpermea perties of reservoir sands. The coal-bearing strata have a dual impact on the pore evolution, i.e. it supports the pore destruction in the early diagenetic process and favors the formation of secondary vulgar pores in the late diagenesis. The pore type is dominated by residual primary intergranular pore, intergranular vulgar pore, interquartz micropore and fracture with the reduced-neck, silm, fine tube and cluster pore throat occurring as the main throat type. There are two basic pore texture types:large pore with fine throat(medium porosity low pemmeability and low porosity low-permeability reservoirs) and small pore with microthroat(medium-porosity extra-low permeability reservoirs). The favorable entrapment zone of the coal-bearing strata is mainly distributed in the deeply-buried area with thick source rock,coarse facies belt and fresh water leaching area below the unconformity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PRACTICE AND THOUGHT OVER THE PILOT STEAMFLOODING OF FRACTURED RESERVOIR-Case History of the Carboniferous Reservoir in District No. 9, Karamay Oilfield Guo Hongbo, Liu Jing, Chen Ke, Wang Haojun 1997, 18 (2):  176-178.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (335KB) ( 170 )   Save The technical evaluation of pilot steamflooding in the Carboniferous fractured volcanic reservoir, District No. 9, Karamay oilfield was conducted. It is suggested that it didn' t perform satisfactorily. Application of stimulation technique of combined fracturing and steam huff and-puff can improve the reservoir conductivity, enhance sweep volume, maintain formation pressure, and obtain high production and 0SR in a life cycle. It is considered as technically and economically simple and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

REVIEW

THE CONCEPT OF PETROLEUM SYSTEM AND ITS CLASSIFICATION Zhang Yijie, Kuang Jun 1997, 18 (2):  180-184.  Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (358KB) ( 419 )   Save Petroleum system is a geologic unit between the basin and play and also a sum of various geologic elements and events in the series of processes which include generation, migration, trapping, and preservation of hydrocarbons. It requires the timely convergence of all geologic elements and events essential to the formation of petroleum deposits rather than by a single parameter,thereby increasing the probability of success in the exploration. The petroleum system should be classification on a basis of mature source rock and migration style. The high-potential-surface boundary on the profile tends to be a regional seal. The largest geographic area confined by mature source rock, reservoir and hydrocarbon show is the extent of petroleum system. The axis of the basin or well- confined large fault form the partial boundary of petroleum subsystem. References | Related Articles | Metrics

OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY Chen Gan 1997, 18 (2):  184-188.  Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (413KB) ( 210 )   Save In the twentieth century, secondary recovery technology for the formation pressure maintenance by injecting water developed greatly after the primary depletion technique. Althrough it have got better and better practically and theoretically, the resultant recovery is still low. In this case the tertiary recovery technology inevitably appears. Its objective is to extract the remaining oil in the waterflooded field by charging the properties of the drive media. In the late twentieth century the appearance and development of the tertiary recovery technology is indicative of a coming revolutionary evolution of oilfield development technology in the 21st century. To enable the tertiary recovery process to act as a dominant tool in the next centuries, the following key issue must be solved: improving the displacement performance of the displacement media, reducing the cost of displacement media, study of enhanced tertiary recovery process and technique, produced fluid disposal, and erection of injection system and gathering transportation system specifically designed for the tertiary recovery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

TRANSL ATION OF SELECTED MANUSCRIPT

UNDERSTANDING OF 1990S ONSHORE PETROLEUM EXPLORATION STATUS IN CHINA AND ITS SUGGESTIONS ON PROSPECTING DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN Zhang Wenzhao 1997, 18 (2):  189-194.  Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (327KB) ( 142 )   Save Since the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, important breakthrough has been made for petroleum exploration in western China. A number of high-yield large and medium-sized oil and gas fields were discovered in basins such as Junggar, Tarim, Turpan-Hami and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia etc.. so were done around seabeach area of Bohai bay. These achievements benifit by proper implementation of the strategies in China’s petroleum industry “to maintain the production in the east and develop the resource in the west" as well as devoting major efforts to developing new and advanced technologies on petroleum exploration. In order to keep these situations continuously, it is necessary to strengthen exploration in the western areas during the period of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, along with making new prospecting in the eastern area, developing new and advanced exploration techniques, increasing exploratory investment of the west to reach 30% of the total amount in China's petroleum industry, and intensifying and improving management structures in petroleum exploration. Related Articles | Metrics