二次生烃与古油藏原油裂解对油气成藏的意义——以塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区寒武系烃源岩为例

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解析巴楚—麦盖提地区寒武系烃源岩热演化史与油气成藏的关系,通过磷灰石裂变径迹年代学方法完善了巴楚—麦盖提地区海西运动期—喜马拉雅运动期的热演化史与不整合剥蚀量的恢复。结果表明,西南坳陷寒武系烃源岩在喜马拉雅运动晚期发生二次生烃,生烃动力为古近纪以来的快速埋藏升温;而受喜马拉雅运动期持续隆升的影响,巴楚隆起寒武系烃源岩多不具备二次生烃的条件。寒武系烃源岩在加里东运动中期—海西运动早期生成的原油,可能在和田古隆起规模聚集,形成古油藏,而古油藏在喜马拉雅运动早期快速深埋,进入高温环境,具备发生原油裂解的有利条件。巴楚—麦盖提地区已发现气藏的高成熟天然气,应主要来源于寒武系烃源岩二次生烃产生的过成熟干酪根裂解气与和田古隆起古油藏因深埋增温生成的原油裂解气。因此,巴楚—麦盖提地区海西运动晚期演化程度相对较低且目前正处于二次生烃阶段的寒武系烃源岩,与前期相对低地温但近期具备高温裂解条件的古油藏是巴楚—麦盖提地区天然气成藏的重要烃源保障;二次生烃、古油藏原油裂解产物与新圈闭的匹配则是巴楚—麦盖提地区晚期油气成藏的关键。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 巴楚—麦盖提地区, 寒武系, 烃源岩, 二次生烃, 古油藏, 生烃演化, 原油裂解气

Abstract:

In order to analyze the relationship between the thermal evolution history of Cambrian source rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Bachu-Maigaiti area, the thermal evolution history and the denudation of unconformity from Hercynian movement to Himalayan movement were rebuilt by analyzing the track chronology of apatite fission. The results demonstrate that secondary hydrocarbon generation took place in the Cambrian source rocks in the Southwest depression during the late Himalayan movement, which was caused by rapid burial and temperature increase since the Paleogene. Influenced by continuously uplifting, most Cambrian source rocks in the Bachu uplift didn’t have the conditions for secondary hydrocarbon generation. The crude oil generated in the Cambrian source rocks from middle Caledonian movement to early Hercynian movement might accumulate and form paleo-reservoirs on a large scale in the Hetian paleo-uplift, and the paleo-reservoir was quickly buried deep and entered a high-temperature environment during early Himalayan movement, which provided favorable conditions for crude oil cracking. The natural gas from highly matured gas reservoirs discovered in the Bachu-Maigaiti area may come from the cracked gas produced by over-matured kerogen that was generated in Cambrian source rocks during secondary hydrocarbon generation and the cracked gas from the crude oil generated in the paleo-reservoirs after deeply burial and temperature increasing in the Hetian paleo-uplift. Therefore, in the Bachu-Maigaiti area, the Cambrian source rocks, which had a relatively low evolution degree during the late Hercynian movement and are currently in the secondary hydrocarbon generation stage, and the paleo-reservoirs, which were at relatively low geothermal temperature in the early stage but recently have high-temperature cracking conditions, are important sources for natural gas accumulation. And the matching among secondary hydrocarbon generation, crude oil cracking product and new traps is the key to late hydrocarbon accumulation in the Bachu-Maigaiti area.

Key words: Tarim basin, Bachu-Maigaiti area, Cambrian, source rock, secondary hydrocarbon generation, paleo-reservoir, hydrocarbon generation evolution, crude oil cracked gas

中图分类号:

TE112.5

曹自成, 徐勤琪, 余腾孝, 秦华, 耿锋, 郝建龙, 邓尚. 二次生烃与古油藏原油裂解对油气成藏的意义——以塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区寒武系烃源岩为例[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(2): 143-151.

CAO Zicheng, XU Qinqi, YU Tengxiao, QIN Hua, GENG Feng, HAO Jianlong, DENG Shang. Significance of Secondary Hydrocarbon Generation and Crude Oil Cracking in Paleo-Reservoirs to Hydrocarbon Accumulation：A Case Study of Cambrian Source Rocks in Bachu-Maigaiti Area of Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(2): 143-151.

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