湖南慈利龙王洞岩溶发育特征及模式

doi:10.7657/XJPG20220203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确缝控型溶洞特征和发育模式,通过人工测量和三维激光扫描的方法,构建了慈利龙王洞三维模型,对其构造特征进行了表征。龙王洞可分为西段、中段和东段,西段呈北东东—南西西向展布,以化学充填为主,充填程度较高;中段呈北北东—南南西向展布,以垮塌充填为主,充填程度最高;东段近东西向展布,以化学充填和流水沉积充填为主,充填程度较低。慈利龙王洞受控于北东东—南西西向展布的裂缝带,是典型缝控型溶洞,其发育经过4个阶段：沿三官寺向斜走向发育北东东—南西西向裂缝带,岩溶水沿裂缝带自西向东溶蚀岩层,形成初始溶洞;初始溶洞被北北西—南南东向走滑逆断层错断,发生差异溶蚀,西段溶蚀程度高于中段和东段;溶洞因裂缝发育数量和规模不同,差异溶蚀程度加大,西段溶洞进一步扩大,东段一系列溶洞连成一体,西段岩溶作用明显高于东段;中段继承上一阶段的溶蚀特点,溶蚀作用弱于东段和西段,最终形成现今的结构形态。

关键词: 慈利龙王洞, 缝控型溶洞, 岩溶发育特征, 岩溶发育模式, 三维激光扫描, 分段性, 相关性, 主控因素

Abstract:

To study the development characteristics and model of the Longwang Cave in the Cili area of Hunan province, a 3D model is constructed by using manual survey and 3D laser scanning technology to characterize the structure of the karst cave. The Longwang Cave can be divided into three sections. The western section is NEE-SWW trending and filled with chemical cements. The middle section is NNE-SSW trending and filled with collapsed cements. The eastern section is nearly EW trending, and filled with chemical cements and flowing water deposits. As for the filling degree, the middle section shows the highest, the western section is higher, and the eastern section is the lowest. Controlled by a NEE-SWW trending fracture zone, the Longwang Cave is a typical fracture-controlled karst cave which has undergone four development stages. First, a NEE-SWW fracture zone was formed along the Sanguansi syncline. Then the rock was dissolved along the fracture zone by karst water from west to east, and an initial karst cave formed. Second, the initial karst cave was dislocated by NNW-SSE trending strike-slip thrust faults and then differential dissolution occured, that is, the western section was dissolved to a higher degree than the middle and eastern sections. Third, due to different numbers and scales of fractures, differential dissolution made the carst caves in the western section further expand, and the karst caves in the eastern section gradually connected together. The dissolution of the western section was higher than that of the eastern section. Finally, the middle section inherited the previous dissolution characteristics, so it is weaker than the eastern and western sections in dissolution. After the four stages above, the Longwang Cave shows its present structure.

Key words: Cili Longwang Cave, fracture-controlled karst cave, development characteristic, development model, 3D laser scanning technology, section, correlation, controlling factor

中图分类号:

P642.25

许欣雨, 陈清华, 冀东生, 崔有维. 湖南慈利龙王洞岩溶发育特征及模式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(2): 145-152.

XU Xinyu, CHEN Qinghua, JI Dongsheng, CUI Youwei. Development Characteristics and Model of Cili Longwang Karst Cave in Hunan Province[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(2): 145-152.

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扫描站点	石钟乳数量/个	平均长度/m	扫描站点	石钟乳数量/个	平均长度/m
Scan011	4	3.56	Scan036	3	1.63
Scan012	5	4.39	Scan037	1	6.67
Scan013	11	3.19	Scan038	4	2.01
Scan014	2	2.32	Scan039	3	3.05
Scan015	5	1.99	Scan040	7	3.93
Scan016	10	3.18	Scan041	3	3.08
Scan017	4	3.45	Scan042	3	7.47
Scan018	3	3.75	Scan044	6	4.01
Scan019	7	3.74	Scan045	2	4.75
Scan020	10	1.90	Scan046	15	1.91
Scan021	5	3.10	Scan047	17	2.79
Scan022	0	0	Scan048	5	1.83
Scan023	0	0	Scan049	4	4.38
Scan025	5	3.45	Scan050	9	7.25
Scan027	8	2.58	Scan051	4	13.47
Scan028	2	1.49	Scan052	2	15.87
Scan029	2	0.77	Scan053	5	7.83
Scan030	3	0.82	Scan054	2	5.35
Scan031	7	1.37	Scan055	23	2.36
Scan033	7	1.43	Scan056	22	1.64
Scan034	2	1.62	Scan057	22	1.87
Scan035	1	5.17