胶结型天然裂缝对水力压裂裂缝延伸规律的影响

doi:10.7657/XJPG20220408

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确定致密砂岩储集层中天然裂缝在水力压裂裂缝网络形成中的作用,采用渗流-应力-损伤耦合方法建立数值模型,并运用Monte-Carlo模拟方法,在数值模型中生成裂隙网络模型,研究天然裂缝方向、天然裂缝强度、水平主应力差、压裂液注入速率以及压裂液黏度对水力压裂裂缝延伸规律的影响。结果表明,天然裂缝与最大水平主应力夹角为30°~60°时,形成的水力压裂裂缝最为复杂。天然裂缝强度增大不利于分支裂缝和转向裂缝的产生,低水平主应力差条件下,天然裂缝展布方向主导水力压裂裂缝的延伸;在高水平主应力差条件下,应力主导裂缝网络的延伸;当水平主应力差为3.0~4.5 MPa时,水力压裂裂缝复杂程度最高,延伸范围最大。增大压裂液注入速率,会促进复杂水力压裂裂缝网络的形成;适当提高压裂液黏度,可以促进裂缝的扩展,但是当黏度过高时,裂缝仅在射孔周围有限范围内形成复杂裂缝网络。

关键词: 致密砂岩, 数值模型, 天然裂缝, 地应力, 压裂液排量, 压裂液黏度, 水力压裂, 裂缝网络

Abstract:

In order to determine the role of natural fractures in the forming of hydraulic fracture network in tight sandstone reservoirs, a numerical model was established using the coupled hydraulic-mechanical-damage (HMD) model, and a fracture network model was generated in the numerical model by the Monte-Carlo method. With these models, the influences of natural fracture orientation, natural fracture strength, horizontal principal stress difference, fracturing fluid injection rate and fracturing fluid viscosity on the propagation of hydraulic fractures were analyzed. The results show that when the angle between the natural fracture and the maximum horizontal principal stress direction ranges from 30° to 60°, the induced hydraulic fractures are the most complex. The increase in natural fracture strength is not conducive to the generation of branch and steering fractures. Under the condition of low horizontal principal stress difference, the orientation of natural fractures dominates the extension of hydraulic fractures. Under the condition of high horizontal principal stress difference, stress dominates the extension of hydraulic fractures. When the horizontal principal stress difference falls between 3.0 and 4.5 MPa, the hydraulic fractures exhibit the highest complexity and the largest extension. Increasing the injection rate of fracturing fluid can promote the formation of complex hydraulic fracture network. Appropriately increasing the viscosity of fracturing fluid can promote fracture propagation, but too high viscosity can only lead to complex fractures in limited areas around the perforations.

Key words: tight sandstone, numerical model, natural fracture, in-situ stress, fracturing fluid displacement, fracturing fluid viscosity, hydraulic fracturing, fracture network

中图分类号:

TE357

程正华, 艾池, 张军, 严茂森, 陶飞宇, 白明涛. 胶结型天然裂缝对水力压裂裂缝延伸规律的影响[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(4): 433-439.

CHENG Zhenghua, AI Chi, ZHANG Jun, YAN Maosen, TAO Feiyu, BAI Mingtao. Influences of Cemented Natural Fractures on Propagation of Hydraulic Fractures[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(4): 433-439.

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