超低渗透油藏微生物活化水驱油机理

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超低渗透油藏水驱开发过程中，水驱波及范围内原油优先被开采，剩余油饱和度较高，具备再次开发潜力，微生物活化水驱油技术是有效的油藏开发技术，但在超低渗透油藏中的驱油机理尚不明确。综合运用地球物理学、微生物学等，结合油藏工程，对原油族组分、微生物多样性等进行跟踪分析，并利用生产动态数据，对驱油机理进行研究。研究发现，在储集层较为均质的区域，油井产出液的表面张力基本保持不变，原油中的生物标志化合物未出现明显降解，原油黏度未出现明显变化，研究区微生物驱油机理以微观调剖为主，以提高驱油效率、降低原油黏度等机理为辅。在矿场实践中，依据油藏微生物变化规律和油井生产数据对该观点进行了验证。

关键词: 超低渗透油藏, 微生物活化水驱油, 驱油机理, 微观调剖, 生物降解

Abstract:

During water flooding in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, crude oil within the swept area is preferentially produced, leaving a high residual oil saturation with the potential for further recovery. Microbially activated water flooding is an effective reservoir development technology; however, its mechanism in ultra-low permeability reservoirs remains unclear. By integrating geophysics, microbiology, and reservoir engineering, the group components and microbial diversity of crude oil were tracked and analyzed. Then, using production performance data, the mechanism of microbially activated water flooding was investigated. The results indicate that in relatively homogeneous reservoir regions, surface tension of produced fluids remains stable, biomarkers in crude oil show no significant degradation, and oil viscosity exhibits no substantial changes. MEOR in the study area is mainly realized with the mechanism of microscopic profile control, supplemented by displacement efficiency enhancement and viscosity reduction. During field applications, this finding was validated by using reservoir microbial variations and production data.

Key words: ultra-low permeability reservoir, microbially activated water flooding, mechanism, microscopic profile control, biodegradation

中图分类号:

TE331

张永强, 张晓斌, 薛姝雯, 徐飞艳. 超低渗透油藏微生物活化水驱油机理[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 338-343.

ZHANG Yongqiang, ZHANG Xiaobin, XUE Shuwen, XU Feiyan. Mechanism of Microbially Activated Water Flooding in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(3): 338-343.

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井名	试验2年前含量				试验开始时含量				试验2年后含量
井名	饱和烃	芳香烃	非烃	沥青质	饱和烃	芳香烃	非烃	沥青质	饱和烃	芳香烃	非烃	沥青质
A井	89.72	8.59	1.01	0.68	86.28	11.20	1.40	1.12	78.00	14.26	6.37	1.37
B井	83.53	12.65	2.77	1.05	74.91	17.87	5.32	1.90	78.23	13.71	5.38	2.68
C井	82.88	11.96	1.65	3.51	77.40	14.86	5.26	2.48	70.80	13.72	12.39	3.09
D井	80.78	16.52	1.44	1.26	71.66	21.13	3.09	4.12	69.89	17.92	9.68	2.51
E井	85.66	9.88	2.51	1.95	82.97	13.33	3.21	0.49	74.97	14.17	9.13	1.73
F井	82.34	10.87	5.13	1.66	81.09	14.86	3.51	0.54	71.58	15.54	8.18	4.70

井名	试验前黏度/（mPa·s）	试验后黏度/（mPa·s）
A井	8.32	7.79
B井	7.76	8.87
C井	4.62	4.45
F井	4.02	4.72
G井	7.26	6.87
H井	6.77	6.83

井名	试验前表面张力/（mN·m^-1）	试验后表面张力/（mN·m^-1）
A井	65.499	66.581
B井	63.695	61.560
C井	62.563	65.732
D井	67.831	69.298
F井	65.363	63.456
I井	63.778	66.783