庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250311

新疆石油地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 344-352.doi: 10.7657/XJPG20250311

庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理

屈雪峰^a^,^b(), 常睿^a^,^b(), 何右安^a^,^b, 雷启鸿^a^,^c, 黄天镜^a^,^b, 王高强^a^,^b, 关云^a^,^b, 李桢^a^,^b

中国石油长庆油田分公司 a.勘探开发研究院，西安 710018
b.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，西安 710018
c.陇东油气开发分公司，甘肃庆阳 745000

收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-06-13
通讯作者: 常睿 E-mail:qxf_cq@petrochina.com.cn;chrui_cq@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:屈雪峰（1972-），男，山西运城人，教授级高级工程师，硕士，油田开发地质，（Email）qxf_cq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油长庆油田分公司重大专项(2023DZZ04)

Mechanisms of Imbibition and Displacement in Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing for Shale Oil Recovery in Chang 7 Member, Qingcheng Oilfield

QU Xuefeng^a^,^b(), CHANG Rui^a^,^b(), HE You’an^a^,^b, LEI Qihong^a^,^c, HUANG Tianjing^a^,^b, WANG Gaoqiang^a^,^b, GUAN Yun^a^,^b, LI Zhen^a^,^b

PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, a. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
b. National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
c. Longdong Oil and Gas Development Branch, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2024-12-31 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-06-13
Contact: CHANG Rui E-mail:qxf_cq@petrochina.com.cn;chrui_cq@petrochina.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

页岩油藏主要通过水平井体积压裂进行开发，大量流体在基质中注入和产出，渗吸和驱替作用的贡献存在争议。为了明确页岩储集层渗吸和驱替作用机理及其贡献率，以庆城油田延长组长7段页岩储集层岩样为实验对象，进行地层压力下渗吸+驱替实验和驱替实验以及不同压力下渗吸实验，获取不同阶段岩样的核磁共振T₂谱，分析焖井对开发的影响；同时，结合分形理论和油水两相渗流理论，建立考虑驱替压力和毛细管压力的渗流力学数学模型以及不同驱替压差下的渗吸和驱替作用图版。结果表明：驱替动用中—大孔中的原油，渗吸动用各级孔喉中的原油；相对于单一水驱，渗吸后水驱驱替原油效果更好，渗吸作用不仅动用原油，且有助于水驱油。

关键词: 庆城油田, 延长组, 长7段, 页岩油藏, 水平井, 体积压裂, 渗吸机理, 驱替机理

Abstract:

Shale oil is primarily developed through horizontal well volume fracturing, where substantial fluid is injected into and produced from the matrix. However, the contributions of imbibition and displacement remain controversial. To clarify their mechanisms and contributions in shale oil reservoirs, the shale core samples from the Chang 7 member of the Qingcheng oilfield were used for analysis. The imbibition + displacement and displacement experiments under formation pressure, as well as imbibition experiments under varying pressures, were performed to obtain the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T₂ spectra at different stages, and the impact of well soaking on production were analyzed. Furthermore, by integrating fractal theory and oil-water two-phase flow theory, a mathematical model of flow mechanics which considered displacement pressure and capillary pressure was established, and a chart illustrating imbibition and displacement under different pressure differences was plotted. The results show that displacement primarily mobilizes oil in medium-to-large pores, while imbibition recovers oil from pores and throats of all sizes. Compared to pure water flooding, post-imbibition water flooding demonstrates superior oil displacement efficiency, because imbibition can not only mobilizes oil directly but also facilitates subsequent water flooding performance.

Key words: Qingcheng oilfield, Yanchang formation, Chang 7 member, shale oil reservoir, horizontal well, volume fracturing, imbibition mechanism, displacement mechanism

中图分类号:

TE312

屈雪峰, 常睿, 何右安, 雷启鸿, 黄天镜, 王高强, 关云, 李桢. 庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 344-352.

QU Xuefeng, CHANG Rui, HE You’an, LEI Qihong, HUANG Tianjing, WANG Gaoqiang, GUAN Yun, LI Zhen. Mechanisms of Imbibition and Displacement in Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing for Shale Oil Recovery in Chang 7 Member, Qingcheng Oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(3): 344-352.

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岩样编号	渗透率/ mD	孔隙度/ %	注入压力/ MPa	围压/ MPa	实验类型
L388-1	0.096	7.151	17	25	渗吸+驱替
X286-8	0.103	6.816	16	25	驱替
L388-2	0.111	8.766	19	25	渗吸+驱替
B117-3	0.112	7.676	16	25	驱替

岩样编号	渗透率/mD	孔隙度/%	注入压力/MPa
L388-3	0.122	10.377	0
L388-1	0.096	7.151	1
L388-2	0.111	8.766	3
L388-5	0.127	7.430	6

岩样编号	实验类型	含油饱和度/%	渗吸采出程度/%	渗吸后水驱采出程度/%	采收率/ %	各级孔喉中剩余油饱和度/%
岩样编号	实验类型	含油饱和度/%	渗吸采出程度/%	渗吸后水驱采出程度/%	采收率/ %	小孔	中孔	大孔
L388-1	渗吸+驱替	63.19	5.74	29.37	33.14	24.69	5.16	0.59
L388-2	渗吸+驱替	62.57	3.70	28.20	31.90	4.66	1.33	0.12
X286-8	驱替	65.96			20.73	29.03	4.79	0.69
B117-3	驱替	56.52			22.94	12.53	3.05	0.34

岩样编号	压力梯度/（MPa·cm^-1）	渗吸为主的孔喉半径/μm	渗吸和驱替为主的孔喉半径/μm	驱替为主的孔喉半径/μm	渗吸为主的孔喉体积占比/%	渗吸和驱替为主的孔喉体积占比/%	驱替为主的孔喉体积占比/%
C₁	0.3	0.730~5.650	5.650~15.730		92.00	8.00
C₂	0.3	0.001~0.260	4.250~15.270		75.79	24.21
C₃	0.3		4.230~19.650		75.71	24.29
C₁	1.0		0.730~5.650	5.650~15.730		86.72	13.28
C₂	1.0	0.001~0.070	4.250~5.480	5.480~15.250	53.33	17.64	29.03
C₃	1.0	0.003~0.100	4.230~5.460	5.460~19.650	52.96	11.82	35.22
C₁	2.0		0.730~1.570	1.570~15.730		59.75	47.54
C₂	2.0		0.001~0.070	4.250~15.250		53.33	46.67
C₃	2.0		0.003~0.100	4.230~19.650		52.90	47.04

庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理

Mechanisms of Imbibition and Displacement in Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing for Shale Oil Recovery in Chang 7 Member, Qingcheng Oilfield

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