庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250311

新疆石油地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 344-352.doi: 10.7657/XJPG20250311

庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理

屈雪峰^a^,^b(), 常睿^a^,^b(), 何右安^a^,^b, 雷启鸿^a^,^c, 黄天镜^a^,^b, 王高强^a^,^b, 关云^a^,^b, 李桢^a^,^b

中国石油长庆油田分公司 a.勘探开发研究院，西安 710018
b.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，西安 710018
c.陇东油气开发分公司，甘肃庆阳 745000

收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-06-13
通讯作者: 常睿（1994-），女，甘肃平凉人，工程师，硕士，油田开发地质，（Tel）15829687002（Email）chrui_cq@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:屈雪峰（1972-），男，山西运城人，教授级高级工程师，硕士，油田开发地质，（Email）qxf_cq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油长庆油田分公司重大专项(2023DZZ04)

Mechanisms of Imbibition and Displacement in Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing for Shale Oil Recovery in Chang 7 Member, Qingcheng Oilfield

QU Xuefeng^a^,^b(), CHANG Rui^a^,^b(), HE You’an^a^,^b, LEI Qihong^a^,^c, HUANG Tianjing^a^,^b, WANG Gaoqiang^a^,^b, GUAN Yun^a^,^b, LI Zhen^a^,^b

PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, a. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
b. National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
c. Longdong Oil and Gas Development Branch, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2024-12-31 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-06-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

页岩油藏主要通过水平井体积压裂进行开发，大量流体在基质中注入和产出，渗吸和驱替作用的贡献存在争议。为了明确页岩储集层渗吸和驱替作用机理及其贡献率，以庆城油田延长组长7段页岩储集层岩样为实验对象，进行地层压力下渗吸+驱替实验和驱替实验以及不同压力下渗吸实验，获取不同阶段岩样的核磁共振T₂谱，分析焖井对开发的影响；同时，结合分形理论和油水两相渗流理论，建立考虑驱替压力和毛细管压力的渗流力学数学模型以及不同驱替压差下的渗吸和驱替作用图版。结果表明：驱替动用中—大孔中的原油，渗吸动用各级孔喉中的原油；相对于单一水驱，渗吸后水驱驱替原油效果更好，渗吸作用不仅动用原油，且有助于水驱油。

关键词: 庆城油田, 延长组, 长7段, 页岩油藏, 水平井, 体积压裂, 渗吸机理, 驱替机理

Abstract:

Shale oil is primarily developed through horizontal well volume fracturing, where substantial fluid is injected into and produced from the matrix. However, the contributions of imbibition and displacement remain controversial. To clarify their mechanisms and contributions in shale oil reservoirs, the shale core samples from the Chang 7 member of the Qingcheng oilfield were used for analysis. The imbibition + displacement and displacement experiments under formation pressure, as well as imbibition experiments under varying pressures, were performed to obtain the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T₂ spectra at different stages, and the impact of well soaking on production were analyzed. Furthermore, by integrating fractal theory and oil-water two-phase flow theory, a mathematical model of flow mechanics which considered displacement pressure and capillary pressure was established, and a chart illustrating imbibition and displacement under different pressure differences was plotted. The results show that displacement primarily mobilizes oil in medium-to-large pores, while imbibition recovers oil from pores and throats of all sizes. Compared to pure water flooding, post-imbibition water flooding demonstrates superior oil displacement efficiency, because imbibition can not only mobilizes oil directly but also facilitates subsequent water flooding performance.

Key words: Qingcheng oilfield, Yanchang formation, Chang 7 member, shale oil reservoir, horizontal well, volume fracturing, imbibition mechanism, displacement mechanism

中图分类号:

TE312

屈雪峰, 常睿, 何右安, 雷启鸿, 黄天镜, 王高强, 关云, 李桢. 庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 344-352.

QU Xuefeng, CHANG Rui, HE You’an, LEI Qihong, HUANG Tianjing, WANG Gaoqiang, GUAN Yun, LI Zhen. Mechanisms of Imbibition and Displacement in Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing for Shale Oil Recovery in Chang 7 Member, Qingcheng Oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(3): 344-352.

图/表 10

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

表4

参考文献 28

[1]	贾承造. 关于中国当前油气勘探的几个重要问题[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(增刊1):6-13.
	JIA Chengzao. Several important issues about current oil and gas exploration in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(Supp.1):6-13.
[2]	付锁堂, 姚泾利, 李士祥, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组陆相页岩油富集特征与资源潜力[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5):698-710.
	FU Suotang, YAO Jingli, LI Shixiang, et al. Enrichment characteristics and resource potential of continental shale oil in Mesozoic Yanchang formation,Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5):698-710.
[3]	宋海强, 刘慧卿, 王敬, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1):27-34.
	SONG Haiqiang, LIU Huiqing, WANG Jing, et al. Main controlling factors of shale oil and gas enrichment in Chang 7 member,southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(1):27-34.
[4]	付金华, 李士祥, 徐黎明, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段古沉积环境恢复及意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(6):936-946. doi: 10.11698/PED.2018.06.02
	FU Jinhua, LI Shixiang, XU Liming, et al. Paleo-sedimentary environmental restoration and its significance of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(6):936-946.
[5]	焦方正. 陆相低压页岩油体积开发理论技术及实践:以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩油为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(6):836-844. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.02.012
	JIAO Fangzheng. Theoretical technologies and practices concerning “volume development” of low pressure continental shale oil:Case study of shale oil in Chang 7 member,Ordos Basin,China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(6):836-844. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.02.012
[6]	李国欣, 朱如凯. 中国石油非常规油气发展现状、挑战与关注问题[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(2):1-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.02.001
	LI Guoxin, ZHU Rukai. Progress,challenges and key issues of unconventional oil and gas development of CNPC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(2):1-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.02.001
[7]	焦方正. 非常规油气之“非常规”再认识[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019, 46(5):803-810. doi: 10.11698/PED.2019.05.01
	JIAO Fangzheng. Re-recognition of “unconventional” in unconventional oil and gas[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(5):803-810.
[8]	慕立俊, 拜杰, 齐银, 等. 庆城夹层型页岩油地质工程一体化压裂技术[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2023, 51(5):33-41.
	MU Lijun, BAI Jie, QI Yin, et al. Geological engineering integrated fracturing technology for Qingcheng interlayer shale oil[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2023, 51(5):33-41.
[9]	蒋廷学. 非常规油气藏新一代体积压裂技术的几个关键问题探讨[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2023, 51(4):184-191.
	JIANG Tingxue. Discussion on several key issues of the new-generation network fracturing technologies for unconventional reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2023, 51(4):184-191.
[10]	石道涵, 张矿生, 唐梅荣, 等. 长庆油田页岩油水平井体积压裂技术发展与应用[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2022, 41(3):10-17.
	SHI Daohan, ZHANG Kuangsheng, TANG Meirong, et al. Development and application of shale oil horizontal well volume fracturing technology in Changqing oilfield[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022, 41(3):10-17.
[11]	王勇, 汤勇, 李士伦, 等. 多级压裂水平井周期性注气吞吐提高页岩油气藏采收率:以北美Eagle Ford非常规油气藏为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2023, 43(1):153-161.
	WANG Yong, TANG Yong, LI Shilun, et al. Cyclic gas injection huff-n-puff in multi-stage fracturing horizontal wells to improve recovery of shale oil and gas reservoirs:Taking Eagle Ford shale in North America as an example[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023, 43(1):153-161.
[12]	方正, 陈勉, 王溯, 等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷页岩水平井水力压裂裂缝形态[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1):72-80.
	FANG Zheng, CHEN Mian, WANG Su, et al. Geometry of hydraulic fractures in fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs of Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(1):72-80.
[13]	余佩蓉, 郑国庆, 孙福泰, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油藏水平井压裂裂缝扩展模拟[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(6):750-756.
	YU Peirong, ZHENG Guoqing, SUN Futai, et al. Simulation on fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells in shale reservoirs of Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(6):750-756.
[14]	MAKHANOV K, HABIBI A, DEHGHANPOUR H, et al. Liquid uptake of gas shales:A workflow to estimate water loss during shut-in periods after fracturing operations[J]. Journal of Unconventional Oil & Gas Resources, 2014, 7(2):22-32.
[15]	DEHGHANPOUR H, ZUBAIR H A, CHHABRA A, et al. Liquid intake of organic shales[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 26(9):5750-5758.
[16]	李海波, 郭和坤, 刘强, 等. 致密油储层水驱油核磁共振实验研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(12):4370-4376.
	LI Haibo, GUO Heshen, LIU Qiang, et al. NMR experimental study of water displacing oil of tight oil reservoir[J]. Journal of Cenira South University(Science and Technology), 2014, 45(12):4370-4376.
[17]	GUO Xiaobo, HUANG Zhilong, ZHAO Libin, et al. Pore structure and multi-fractal analysis of tight sandstone using MIP,NMR and NMRC methods:A case study from the Kuqa depression,China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 2019, 178:544-558.
[18]	杨勇, 张世明, 吕琦, 等. 中国东部陆相断陷盆地中—低成熟度页岩油立体开发技术:以济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(4):672-682. doi: 10.7623/syxb202404005
	YANG Yong, ZHANG Shiming, LV Qi, et al. Stereoscopic development techniques for shale oil with low-medium maturity in continental faulted basins in eastern China:A case study of the Paleogene Shahejie formation in Jiyang depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(4):672-682.
[19]	肖文联, 杨玉斌, 黄矗, 等. 基于核磁共振技术的页岩油润湿性及其对原油动用特征的影响[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2023, 30(1):112-121.
	XIAO Wenlian, YANG Yubin, HUANG Chu, et al. Rock wettability and its influence on crude oil producing characteristics based on NMR technology[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2023, 30(1):112-121.
[20]	梁星原, 周福建, 魏韦, 等. 基于孔隙矿物和流体分布的致密油储层润湿性研究[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2021, 43(5):651-657.
	LIANG Xingyuan, ZHOU Fujian, WEI Wei, et al. Study on the wettability of tight oil reservoir based on pore mineral and fluid distribution[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2021, 43(5):651-657.
[21]	钟红利, 吴雨风, 张凤奇, 等. 陕北斜坡东南部致密砂岩孔喉分布及其对含油性的影响[J]. 断块油气田, 2021, 28(1):21-27.
	ZHONG Hongli, WU Yufeng, ZHANG Fengqi, et al. Pore throat distribution of tight sandstone in the southeast of the northern Shaanxi slope and its influence on oil-bearing property[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2021, 28(1):21-27.
[22]	周立宏, 陈长伟, 韩国猛, 等. 陆相致密油与页岩油藏特征差异性及勘探实践意义:以渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷为例[J]. 地球科学, 2021, 46(2):555-571.
	ZHOU Lihong, CHEN Changwei, HAN Guomeng, et al. Difference characteristics between continental shale oil and tight oil and exploration practice:A case from Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2021, 46(2):555-571.
[23]	XIAO Dian, JIANG Shi, DAVID T, et al. Combining rate-controlled porosimetry and NMR to probe full-range pore throat structures and their evolution features in tight sands:A case study in the Songliao Basin,China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2017, 83:111-123.
[24]	孙健, 包汉勇. 页岩气储层综合表征技术研究进展:以涪陵页岩气田为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40(1):1-12.
	SUN Jian, BAO Hanyong. Comprehensive characterization of shale gas reservoirs:A case study from Fuling shale gas field[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40(1):1-12.
[25]	闫伟林, 张兆谦, 陈龙川, 等. 基于核磁共振技术的古龙页岩含油饱和度评价新方法[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2021, 40(5):78-86.
	YAN Weilin, ZHANG Zhaoqian, CHEN Longchuan, et al. New evaluating method of oil saturation in Gulong shale based on NMR technique[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2021, 40(5):78-86.
[26]	汤天知, 李庆峰, 赵小青, 等. 基于电成像与核磁共振测井的古龙页岩油储层有效性评价[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2020, 39(3):129-136.
	TANG Tianzhi, LI Qingfeng, ZHAO Xiaoqing, et al. The effectiveness evaluation of Gulong shale oil reservoirs based on the electrical imaging and NMR logging[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020, 39(3):129-136.
[27]	王龙, 张金川, 唐玄. 鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾—云岩地区长7段页岩气测井评价与分布规律研究[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(1):129-136. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2019.01.014
	WANG Long, ZHANG Jinchuan, TANG Xuan. Logging evaluation and distribution law of Chang 7 shale gas in Xiasiwan-Yunyan area,Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(1):129-136.
[28]	MANDELBROT B B, PASSOJA D E, PAULLAY D E. Fractal character of fracture surfaces of metals[J]. Nature, 1984, 308:721-722.

岩样编号	渗透率/ mD	孔隙度/ %	注入压力/ MPa	围压/ MPa	实验类型
L388-1	0.096	7.151	17	25	渗吸+驱替
X286-8	0.103	6.816	16	25	驱替
L388-2	0.111	8.766	19	25	渗吸+驱替
B117-3	0.112	7.676	16	25	驱替

岩样编号	渗透率/mD	孔隙度/%	注入压力/MPa
L388-3	0.122	10.377	0
L388-1	0.096	7.151	1
L388-2	0.111	8.766	3
L388-5	0.127	7.430	6

岩样编号	实验类型	含油饱和度/%	渗吸采出程度/%	渗吸后水驱采出程度/%	采收率/ %	各级孔喉中剩余油饱和度/%
岩样编号	实验类型	含油饱和度/%	渗吸采出程度/%	渗吸后水驱采出程度/%	采收率/ %	小孔	中孔	大孔
L388-1	渗吸+驱替	63.19	5.74	29.37	33.14	24.69	5.16	0.59
L388-2	渗吸+驱替	62.57	3.70	28.20	31.90	4.66	1.33	0.12
X286-8	驱替	65.96			20.73	29.03	4.79	0.69
B117-3	驱替	56.52			22.94	12.53	3.05	0.34

岩样编号	压力梯度/（MPa·cm^-1）	渗吸为主的孔喉半径/μm	渗吸和驱替为主的孔喉半径/μm	驱替为主的孔喉半径/μm	渗吸为主的孔喉体积占比/%	渗吸和驱替为主的孔喉体积占比/%	驱替为主的孔喉体积占比/%
C₁	0.3	0.730~5.650	5.650~15.730		92.00	8.00
C₂	0.3	0.001~0.260	4.250~15.270		75.79	24.21
C₃	0.3		4.230~19.650		75.71	24.29
C₁	1.0		0.730~5.650	5.650~15.730		86.72	13.28
C₂	1.0	0.001~0.070	4.250~5.480	5.480~15.250	53.33	17.64	29.03
C₃	1.0	0.003~0.100	4.230~5.460	5.460~19.650	52.96	11.82	35.22
C₁	2.0		0.730~1.570	1.570~15.730		59.75	47.54
C₂	2.0		0.001~0.070	4.250~15.250		53.33	46.67
C₃	2.0		0.003~0.100	4.230~19.650		52.90	47.04

庆城油田长7段页岩油藏水平井体积压裂渗吸和驱替机理

Mechanisms of Imbibition and Displacement in Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing for Shale Oil Recovery in Chang 7 Member, Qingcheng Oilfield

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 28

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	马志欣, 李进步, 付斌, 白慧, 李浮萍, 马生晖, 贾金娥. 苏里格气田二叠系山西组曲流河储集层岩相与构型[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 280-287.
[2]	师良, 张亚雄. 安塞地区长7泥页岩体系岩性差异及其对页岩油含量的控制[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 308-317.
[3]	罗丽荣, 李剑锋, 朱静, 孔令印, 白嫦娥, 居迎军, 侯云超. 平凉北地区长8段油藏油源及其成藏模式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 318-328.
[4]	杨永兴, 朱冠臣, 王德刚, 朱家良, 任奕霖, 王博. 庆城油田长7段页岩油藏长水平井轨迹调整技术[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(3): 367-374.
[5]	齐洪岩, 王振林, 张艳宁, 蔺敬旗, 胡旋, 苏静, 徐睿, 曹志锋. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油藏甜点分类[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(2): 127-135.
[6]	黄后传, 曹晓璐, 李宁, 加玉锋, 吴国龙, 巨世昌. 金龙2井区致密油藏井间压窜识别及分析[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(2): 201-207.
[7]	慕倩, 李高仁, 张文静, 迟瑞强. 基于核磁共振测井的致密砂岩储集层有效性评价[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(1): 121-126.
[8]	李可心, 张聪, 李俊, 刘春春, 杨瑞强, 张武昌, 李邵楠, 任智剑. 沁水盆地南部煤层气水平井射孔优化[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(5): 581-589.
[9]	宋海强, 刘慧卿, 王敬, 斯尚华, 杨潇. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1): 27-34.
[10]	吕晓光, 李伟. 多层砂岩油田热采油藏管理提高采收率[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1): 65-71.
[11]	方正, 陈勉, 王溯, 李嘉成, 吕嘉昕, 余延波, 焦冀博. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷页岩水平井水力压裂裂缝形态[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(1): 72-80.
[12]	严敏, 赵靖舟, 黄延昭, 杨振亚, 方越, 吴和源. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长6段致密砂岩孔喉结构及演化[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(6): 674-682.
[13]	王挺, 汪杰, 江厚顺, 续化蕾, 姚自义, 南冲. 页岩水平井水力压裂裂缝扩展及防窜三维地质模拟[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(6): 720-728.
[14]	肖正录, 路俊刚, 李勇, 张海, 尹相东, 周翔. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组裂缝特征及其控藏作用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(5): 535-542.
[15]	周佳美. 某油田低渗透油藏水平井加密及跟踪调整提产[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(5): 577-582.